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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS.pptx
- 2. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS • FIRST GENERATION : 1946-1958 • SECOND GENERATION: 1959-1964 • THIRD GENERATION: 1965-1970 • FOURTH GENERATION: 1971-1980 • FIFTH GENERATION: 1982-PRESENT
- 3. THE FIRST GENERATION • FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS USED VACUUM TUBES FOR CIRCUITRY AND MAGNETIC DRUMS FOR MEMORY, AND WERE OFTEN ENORMOUS, TAKING UP ENTIRE ROOMS. • THEY WERE VERY EXPENSIVE TO OPERATE AND IN ADDITION TO USING A GREAT DEAL OF ELECTRICITY, GENERATED A LOT OF HEAT, WHICH WAS OFTEN THE CAUSE OF MALFUNCTIONS. • FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS RELIED ON MACHINE LANGUAGE, THE LOWEST-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE UNDERSTOOD BY COMPUTERS, TO PERFORM OPERATIONS, AND THEY COULD ONLY SOLVE ONE PROBLEM AT A TIME. • INPUT WAS BASED ON PUNCHED CARDS AND PAPER TAPE, AND OUTPUT WAS DISPLAYED ON PRINTOUTS.
- 4. ENIAC-ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER
- 5. THE SECOND GENERATION • TRANSISTORS REPLACED THE VACUUM TUBES IN 2ND GEN. COMPUTERS MAKING THEM COMPACT ,CHEAP, FASTER AND MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT • BUT 2ND GEN. COMPUTERS ALSO GENERATED A LOT OF HEAT • THEY STORED THEIR INSTRUCTION. THE MAGNETIC DRUMS WERE REPLACED BY MAGNETIC CORES. • 2ND GEN. COMPUTERS USED ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES INSTEAD OF MACHINE LANGUAGE ALLOWING PROGRAMMERS TO GIVE ISTRUCTION IN WORDS • BUT PUNCHED CARS AND PRINT-OUTS ERE ONLY SORCE OF INPUT - OUTPUT CDC 3600
- 6. THE THIRD GENERATION • The development of ICs (Integrated Circuits) marked key to the development of the 3rd generation Computers. • 3rd Gen Computers became much smaller ,cheaper and faster compared to the 2nd Gen computers • They used Keyboards for Input and Monitors for output also used operating system. • Being smaller ,cheaper and faster became accessable to the public.
- 7. THE FOURTH GENERATION • The microprocessor(VSLI-i.e Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits) brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. • As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. • Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
- 8. THE FIFTH GENERATION • The Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS) was an initiative by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), begun in 1982, to create computers using massively parallel computing and logic programming. • The Fifth Generation Computers uses ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology . • This is computers we see the day to day in our lives.