Gender Stratification Essay

Gender Stratification Essay
According to Helsin, Possamai and Possamai–Inesedy (2011 p. 625) gender stratification occurs when a specific gender has unequal access to power,
property and prestige. As gender is classed as a master status it forms a significant structural characteristic within society (Helsin, Possamai &
Possamai–Inesedy 2011, p. 310). Therefore, it is society, through social construction that determines whatgender norms are considered appropriate and
can be passed through generations of people via agents of socialisation such as family, mass media or in the form of symbolic interaction (Macionis &
Plummer 1997, pp. 139–141).
Due to the significance of gender in society, this paper examines gender social issues against the three P's of Max Weber's...show more content...
As their behaviour is the norm, is functional, promotes compliance and promotes solidarity and stability, similar to that of an ecosystem (Macionis &
Plummer 1997, p. 27). As a result, gender inequalities can be perceived differently in private verses publicly.
Results
Evidence 1
Table 1 outlines the number of Australians who received an inheritance and is split according to gender. It displays that women are not receiving
inheritances during the crucial age that they (see boxed area) are seeking property ownership, and establishing careers.
Evidence 2
Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of women in leadership and decision making roles which is demonstrated by a study conducted by Rural
Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC). They discovered that during 2006 to 2007, no women in rural organisations held Chief
Executive Officer positions, and under 16 per cent of the members were women (Sheridan & McKenzie 2009, p. 13).
Evidence 3
Further inequality is outlined in Table 2, which shows that women in professional and manager positions are unemployed at higher rates compared to

men. However, it also display that women achieve higher rates of employment in education and health care positions. This is consistent with the 'soft
roles' that women in rural agriculture are generally employed in, highlighted in pink.
Table 2 – Employed and underemployed Australian Labour Statistics per gender, October 2011 Employed
Get more content on HelpWriting.net

The Gender Division Between Men And Women Essay
The gender division between men and women has been prevalent since the beginning of mankind. Whether it be overt stereotyping or subliminal
messaging, women have always had a limited sense of agency. A potent threat to a feminist society, is the implementation of a dress code. Historically,
dress codes have been justified as creating a professional and appropriate atmosphere, to avoid distractions. This is coded language: the dress code
serves as another form of hegemony against females. Limiting what can be worn, and shaming those who don 't comply certainly does not sound
right for a free society such as ours, but it is the unfortunate truth. These deeply ingrained sexist protocols have now invaded high schools and
colleges alike, and have deeply affected our youth. In America it has been made clear that the bare skin of females is inadmissible and is
dangerous to our carefully crafted social order. Young men and women are enraged by their school's sexist dress code policy and have begun to
advocate for change through student activism. Social media plays a large role in the dress code reform movement, and to research this topic I have
chosen to analyze articles that question the need for the dress code (The Atlantic) and also articles that protect the idea that clothing restrictions are
necessary(Global News). Lastly I analyzed a moderate perspective (Post Courier) to provide a comparison of how media bias affects a movement's
portrayal. The media sources I have chosen

3. Gender stratification is the unequal access to power, property, and prestige on the basis of a person's sex. One of the big inequalities that women
face in the United States in the pay gap between men and women. The pay gap is the earning ration between men and women. The pay gap is found
by taking the men's median income subtracting it from the women's median income and then dividing it by the men's median income. In 2013, the
median income for men was $50,033 and $39,157 for women in the United States. The pay gap for 2013 was 22%. In 2013, the earnings ratio of each
state was compared and Michigan ranked 41 out of 51. Annual income for men was $49,449 and $37,258 for women. The earnings ratio was 75%.
Michigan is also lower than the national average, which was 78% in 2013. (Simple Truth)
Some people believe that the pay gap is due to personal choices that a person decides to make. One of those personal choices would be becoming a
parent which often is different between the sexes. Women are more likely than men to take time off of work to take care of the child, whether they
take months or years off after the baby is born. Women are also more likely to take time of work if their child is sick rather than men. Most
stay–at–home or part–time working mothers eventually decide to return to full–time work and some experience "motherhood penalty". A research has
documented that employers are less likely to hire women with children than women without children, and when a place

Life Chances And Equality Between Men And Women
History has seen multiple forms of social stratification whether it may be social class, caste, slavery, race or even gender. Social stratification
places groups of people in a hierarchy depending on their social status which is respective to their economic income. This in turn determines their
social mobility relative to their position in society. These two terms are commonly found together when describing social stratification. Social
mobility is simply "the change of social status within society, whether it may be a positive or negative movement of status" (Clark 10). For example,
by obtaining a college degree such as a PhD or a Masters, this person moves forward in social mobility. The reason is because higher levels of
education and knowledge separates this person from the others that do not have a college degree. With so many varieties of social mobility in history,
there are many limitations and differences regarding gender. In terms of life chances and equality, there are multiple differences in equality between
men and women. This research report will analyze the life chances and social mobility between gender and conclude if there is a significant relationship
between them. The changes in social mobility are influenced on different cultures, different periods of time in history and different social institutions
where being masculine is generally more mobile than femininity.вЂЁDepending on the social stratification in a culture, social mobility varies greatly by

Gender Stratification
Gender Stratification
In this paper, I am going to address gender stratification in relation to Marriage, Sexuality, and Reproductive health issues. I am going to use Monique
and the Mango Rains written by Kri Holloway as ethnographic data, which she collected in Mali. My interpretations of gender stratification in Mali are
women did not have the rights to choose their husband; women did not have ways to control the sex life and do not have ways to do birth control;
women had to face extremely hard reproductive health issues.
To start with, I would like to give some background analysis about gender norms and stratification in Mali. Mali is landlocked in the West Africa and it
is one of the poorest countries in the world. According...show more content...
The country's Gender Inequality Index is 0.712, which is really poor. Therefore, Mali had an extremely gender stratification and inequality towards
women.
Next, I would like to address gender stratification in relation to marriage. Marriage is a term to describe a social union or legal contract between
people that creates kinship. They address each other as spouse. In Mali, a discriminatory family code stopped women to have the rights to choose
their own partner. They could not be married with a guy they fall in love. Their marriage was arranged. For example, Monique was arranged to
marry her husband when she was a little kid. Kri kept asking herself how her life would be if she had known that who she would be married with
when she was five years old. The culture was so different and Kri was never take marriage seriously. The next example I found from the book was
Korotun's unhappy marriage. Her husband Dramane was an alcoholic. One day when he came back to home and was not able to find his wife. He was
pissed and thought his wife cheated on him. He was always jealous and insecure. At night, he went out and found out his wife was selling sweet
potatoes in the middle of the town and he was drunk and pissed. He slapped her at her face and dragged her back and screamed at her, saying she
was flirting with the men (page 47). The third example I want to share was from the Week 7 lecture, which were the

Gender Stratification And Its Impact On Society
The roles we fulfill in society are part of identities that we acquire through the normalization gender in our cultures. They tell us how should be to act,
what we are permitted to do and what not, and what to assimilate as correct or incorrect. These roles vary from culture to culture and with time. There
are also external factors that affect the normalization of gender such as economy, religion, and globalization.
I chose this film because it perfectly reflects the mentality of society in the 50 's, a postwar time of economic boom and where gender stratification
was highly present. The story of the film revolves around a college for women called Wellesley located in Massachusetts, where the educational model
was traditional with main objectives to accumulate and reproduce information. The educational model was highly linked to the perception that people
had about the role of women in society
In the 50 's a woman was supposed to feel fulfilled through marriage and the creation of a family including children. Although by that time some
women already had access to higher education, they could not be liberal or think and decide for themselves. In the film we see how even though the
young women are attending college, they still plan their lives based on marriage. The social and economic situation of this time allow us to see the
differences between the roles of men and women. Men were allowed to grow intellectually and professionally while women were only allowed to do it
until

Tamara Treasure
March 1, 2016
Midterm Exam
1. Social Construction of Gender is a process, stratification system and structure. The day to day interactions emphasize gender as opposites. Take for
instance, conversations, formalities of daily life, sayings, and so on. The social construction of gender is created through social interaction – through the
things we do and say with other people. This means that gender it is not a fixed or inherent fact, but instead it varies across time and place.(The Social
Construction Of Gender).
Sex denotes to the bodily and birth features of men and women. Sex is the categorization of people into male and female groups based in biological
characteristics. While gender is the cultural or social interpretation of sex; putting people into male behavioral and female expectations groups based
on association with biological being a socially characteristics appropriate man or woman. In "The Social Construction of Gender", "When sociologist
refer to the social construction of gender, they are referring to the many different process by which the expectations associated with being a boy or girl
are passed through society". (p.22)
Gender refers to the societal, mental and societal characteristics of masculinity and femininity, many of this is based on biological differences it also
includes people's self–image and expectations for behavior amid other things. Gender describes societal approaches and behaviors expected of and
associated with

Gender Stratification In The United States
It goes without saying that throughout society there exists varying degrees of gender stratification. Although many have attempted to understand why
this difference between the distribution of property, power and prestige exists amongst genders, the answer is still somewhat ambiguous. Although the
United States isn't a perfect example of equality amongst genders, compared to a majority of nations across the globe, its conditions for both genders
are relatively similar. One country notorious for its massive discrepancy in terms of access to property, power and prestige between genders is Saudi
Arabia. In Saudi Arabia and a number of Middle Eastern countries, there exists a great deal of gender stratification. According to the 2008 Human
Rights...show more content...
Men and women in the US have equal rights in terms of driving and taking cases to court. As for education, in the US, colleges have a higher
enrollment of females than males, this is far from Saudi Arabia where many women remain with minimal levels of education as result of their male
dominated society. The one area where the two countries have a slight similarity is in the work force. Women in Saudi Arabia are limited to positions
that are suitable to their nature. In the United States women and men generally pursue undergraduate degrees in different fields which results in the
majority of men a women commonly working in different professions and fields. This is one of the explanations for the supposed "wage gap" in the
United States. Another example gender stratification in the US workforce comes from the "CEO Power Gap" and the "glass ceiling". Both of these
concepts indicate that women have historically had difficulties obtaining the highest levels of management within the corporate world. In spite of all of
this, it is clear the conditions for women in the United States are significantly better than those for women in Saudi Arabia. The concept of femininity
in Saudi Arabia is one of independence and inferiority to the superior and dominant idea of masculinity within the nation. This is simply not the case,
especially to that degree, in the United

Gender Stratification in the Workplace
Student's Name Professor's Name Course Title April 12, 2013 The Experience of Gender in Gender–Biased Professions Ruth Simpson interviewed 40
males working in the female–dominated professions of primary school teachers, flight attendants, nursing, and librarians to better understand their
experiences. Of those interviewed, only two found their career choice unsatisfactory and had plans to leave (356). The rest were glad they chose or
stumbled upon their current career. Simpson contrasted the experiences of male flight attendants, nurses, librarians, and primary school teachers with
the theory that minority workers are generally penalized by increased performance expectations, isolation, and limited opportunities for promotion
(352). Researchers have shown that women in a male–dominated workplace suffer from what has been called 'token' status. A token female
employee's high visibility often increases the pressure to perform at levels above their male peers, their isolation as male employees exaggerate the
differences between men and women, and stereotyping which tends to limit opportunities for advancement. By contrast, men seem to benefit on
several levels by choosing a career in a female–dominated workplace (Simpson 356–364). Simpson found four main effects that were experienced by
her interviewees and these were: (1) career effect, (2) assumed authority effect, (3), special consideration effect, and (4) zone of comfort effect. The
career effect experience was

History has seen multiple forms of social stratification whether it may be social class, caste, slavery, race or even gender. Social stratification places
groups of people in a hierarchy depending on their social status which is respective to their economic income. This in turn determines their social
position in society. Withsocial stratification comes social mobility. These two terms are commonly found together when describing social
stratification. Social mobility is simply "the change of social status within society, whether it may be a positive or negative movement of status"
(Clark 10). For example, by obtaining a college degree such as a PhD or a Masters, this person moves forward in social mobility. The reason is
because higher levels of education and knowledge separates this person from the others that do not have a college degree. With so many varieties of
social mobility in history, there are many limitations and differences regarding gender. In terms of life chances and equality, there are multiple
differences in equality between men and women. This research report will analyze the life chances and social mobility between gender and conclude if
there is a significant relationship between them. The research report will follow social mobility in different countries, different periods of time in
history and different social institutions where being masculine is generally more mobile than femininity.вЂЁWe know there is just not one culture in
the world. The world

The Breadwinner/Caregiver Model
Despite the increase of women entering the labor force in the last several decades, family responsibilities remain disproportionately part of the
woman's daily life on top of a full time job. This paper aims to explore the gender stratification of family responsibilities and the division of labor
within families headed by a heterosexual couple, and asks why working women remain the primary caregiver in a nuclear family, and how this "second
shift" impact family and society. I will discuss the breadwinner/caregiver family model, the phenomenon of the "second shift," implications of gendered
distribution of labor in within the family unit and in broader society.
The breadwinner/caregiver model is often regarded as the natural structure of family and marriage, in which one spouse works outside the home and
is responsible for providing financially while the other usually only works inside the home and is responsible for housework and caring for children.
In the United States, the division of labor among middle class heterosexual couples are highly specialized by gender. In most cases, the husband and
father of the household is the breadwinner while the wife and mother of the household is the caregiver (Fulcher, Dinella, and Wesigram 2015).
However, as economic instability, educational opportunities and other social factors increased, more women began entering the workforce and having
full–time careers. Wives are able contribute a significant, or a greater, income to the family.

Gender Stratification In Late Adulthood
Stratification theories are defined as theories which emphasize social forces, particularly those related to a person's social stratum or social category.
Stratification is society's categorization of people which can be based off a variety of things such as race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.
These stratification theories limit individual choices and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood. Stratification affects life quality and
ageism in late adulthood. For example, think about gender stratification. Irrational, gender–based fear may limit female independence. Throughout most
of recorded history, men have had and continue to have, more physical and social power and status than women. This has caused some women

Social Inequality: Stratification, Class, and Gender in Real Life Although we have progressed a lot as a society in the United States, social inequality
is something that is still prominent within our society. Social inequality is something that we face in everyday. Social inequality is when there are
members of a society that have dissimilar wealth, status and power. Social Inequality involves unequal opportunities and rewards for different social
positions or statuses within a group or a society. Social inequality issues array from social stratification, social status, to gender inequality and racial
inequality. Social stratification implies social inequality. Social stratification has to do with inequality and the way inequality categorizes...show more
content...
Gender inequality is when people are treated unequal or society's perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Many believe that we have
overcome gender inequality, however gender inequality is still prominent in today's society. I've experienced gender inequality in the field of
sports. When my soccer club team does a scrimmage against the boy's team, I hear the boy's soccer coach make comments such as "Are you going
to let the girl win the ball?", "How did that girl get past you and score?", or "Stop kicking like a girl." Those types of comments are prime examples
of gender inequality because these are comments that were made based off of society's perception of women. Society has deemed women as the
weaker sex and that women are valued less on their sport performance and valued more on their physical appearance. An example of how gender
inequality has affected greater society is the recent Women's March that took place in January. The Women's March was originally planned to take
place in just Washington D.C. that was coordinated in response to Donald Trump being elected the President of the United States due to his campaign
and political views. However, the march evolved into a worldwide protest to advocate legislation and policies regarding gender rights along with
many other human rights and other issues. The march in Washington drew at least 500,000 people and an estimate of five million people participated
worldwide. Six hundred and seventy three marches took place worldwide on all seven

Gender stratification is the cuts across all aspects of social life and social classes. It refers to the inequality distribution of wealth, power and
privilege between men and women at the basis of their sex. The world has been divided and organized by gender, which are the behavioural
differences between men and women that are culturally learnt (Appelbaum & Chambliss, 1997:218). The society is in fact historically shaped by
males and the issue regarding the fact has been publicly reverberating through society for decades and now is still a debatably hot topic. Men and
women have different roles and these sex roles, defined to be the set of behaviour's and characteristics that are standard for each gender in a society
(Singleton, 1987) are...show more content...
The term glass ceiling was coined more than twenty years ago by the Wall Street Journal to describe the barriers that women face at workplace. The
word 'ceiling' suggest that women are blocked from advancing their career while the term 'glass' is used because the ceiling does not always visible.
Women might work as hard as men do but they only earn about seventy–five per–cent of the men's income though they might be of the same seniority,
experience as well as education level. The earning differential is due to the traditional responsibility for family and childcare tasks assigned by the
society towards women. This is because the society still assumes the high–paying professions as masculine and feminine women could not fit the
requirements of holding the position and they better do a more nurturing job. This typical thinking causes men to be numerically dominant in almost all
area like in key global and national decision–making position such as international organisations, governments, and as well as the board of CEOs and
directors of private enterprises. As an example, rarely are women seen to sit in the parliament seat or hold the superior position in a government party.
Take the case of our own Datuk Ng Yen Yen who did not succeed in her bid for the MCA's vice presidency in October 2008. She challenged the
tradition within the male–dominated party but then her failure indicates the hesitance of the

Why Does Gender Stratification Exist?
Assignment Three
Why does gender stratification exist?
`
Stratification in society are divisions and rankings into social classes. This essay will explore and discuss gender stratification in terms of specific
criteria, based on position and influence within society, and financial standing. Inequalities and ways that gender stratification are related to three
distinct theories will be discussed. These include symbolic interactionism, conflict theory , functionalism and feminist theory. A range of academic
sources will support the discussion and personal opinions in various theoretical contexts given.
Conflict theory perspective is that "capitalism and patriarchy are intertwined; as a result, women are locked in a never–ending cycle that makes them
submissive and subservient to men" (Carl, Baker, Robard, Scott, Hillman, & Lawrence, 2012, p.88). Conflict theory views things on a macro level,
for example the gender inequalities in the workplace. Women are still being paid lower wages than men, and although times are changing, the
gender gap is still at 10.1% in New Zealand (Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2014). Bedggood (1980) argues that due to the capitalist labour methods,
women are exploited and so as to regulate the overall level of wages (as cited in James & Saville–Smith, 1999). Women's domestic duties are skilled
without a doubt, but are disregarded as 'work'. Staying at home and raising children is a full time job, but this is unpaid, therefore the women are

Gender stratification refers to the classification of people based on their biological features such as their sex. The term "gender stratification" is
generally used to refer to the situation in which men are valuable than women. In this situation, men have greater access to prestige, wealth, and power
in a society. Different societies tend to have different levels of gender stratification. In the United States, the main consequence of gender stratification
is economic and social inequality between men and women. Men and women in the United States are not equal economically. Men make more money
than women who have similar levels of education or work experience, due to gender stratification. For example, women are often steered into careers
like teaching and nursing that are well–paid, prestigious but less male dominated careers. Gender stratification leads to more inequality, both
economic and social, between men and women. For example, women are still expected to bear more of the burden of child care and housework even
when both spouses work. This helps create a situation in which women are not free to spend the kind of time at work that is needed to truly get ahead
in the most competitive situations. Very few of us accurately describe the difference between ethnicity and race, simply because we define them as the
same. While the meaning of both words can appear very similar, there are differences. Ethnicity is not just

Why Does Gender Stratification Exist? Essay
'Wrap Your Mind around the Theory'
Question: Why does gender stratification exist?
Introduction:
Throughout history, women have been regarded as of lesser value than men particularly in the public sphere. This is the result of gender
stratification. Gender stratification refers to the issue of sexism, "or the belief that one sex is superior to the other" (Carl et al., 2012, p. 78). The
theory that men are superior to women is essential to sexism. The negative consequences of sexism has led to the pursuit of successful careers by
some women, normally considered as masculine, as something to avoid. Possible reasons for this could be they may be seen as less desirable as
mothers or spouses in the private sphere.
The private sphere, known as...show more content...
The report included 136 countries, "representing over 90% of the world's population" (The Global Gender Gap Report, 2013). Although, gender
equality has not been achieved in any country, in 2013 "over 96% of the gap in health outcomes, 93% of the gap in educational attainment, 60% of
the gap in economic participation and 21% of the gap in political empowerment" were closed (The Global Gender Gap Report, 2013). Views upon
why gender stratification exists vary within different sociological theories and hold different ideals of what the 'norm' should be for members of society.
Functionalists consider gender roles as the key to a functioning society. Gender roles are seen as an efficient way for society to be organised,
eliminating the competition between the sexes as the genders have their allocated roles. Functionalism suggests that socialisation begins at a young
age with parents socialising "boys and girls for their future roles of father and mother" (Carl et al., 2012, p. 87). Boys are raised with spatial skills, the
ability to fix things and to be assertive as they usually expect to work and self–esteem is bound up with that. Girls are raised with certain skills such as
'people' skills, communication and the art of relating to people which prepares them for the role of raising children. According to Lenski (1966)
"Stratification arises basically out of the needs of societies, not out of

Gender Stratification in the U.S. Today Essay
Discuss the issues surrounding gender stratification in the U.S. today.
Sexual characteristics inequality has been extremely diverse and wide spread. Women and men are disproportionate in every possible way in
never–ending circumstances, both instant and durable, by both idea criteria and prejudiced experience. Therefore, what tally as gender difference in
family life, education, workplace and politics? These social structures are assembly on the base of the masculinity and femininity, gendered role and
gender identity society label to men and women.
There is sufficient, vital unfairness in gender relations within the family or home that can take many dissimilar forms. Family arrangements can be
quite unequal in sharing the load of...show more content...
Meaning women have additional problematic issue then man. For example in education women face more obstacles as faculty rather when in
manager and directors in corporate America. Even though there been great progress in the workplace, most jobs are segregated by sexes. There is
wag gaps, the average women have to work roughly 4 months extra every year to make the same wage as man. For example, when the educational
attainment increases the gender pay decreases for women no matter what levels of education than men. In other words, women earn 77cents for every
dollar man earn and put in their pocket (Benokraitis, 2010, p.160–161). Discrimination where both woman and man share in the workplace is the glass
ceiling and glass escalator. The glass ceiling being, "women efforts to scale organizational and professional hierarchies but cant because they are
constrained by invisible barriers to promotion in their careers, caused mainly by sexist attitudes of men in the highest position" Similarly, men that
choose to go into position like nurse and librarians encounter the glass escalator mostly vituperative criticism from the public when they are in the most
female–identified specialties" "Therefore man are pressured to move out of the most female–identified areas, and up to those regarded as more
legitimate and prestigious for men" (Williams, 1992, p.

Evolutionary View Of Gender Stratification
Millions of years ago, human ancestors began walking upright when the trees in their habitat fell down. Not long after that they began to make tools,
and started to learn socially. The reason for this occurrence was adaptation to the environment, and as this transition slowly became more complex, it
was explained through evolution. Evolution is simply change over time, and it occurs in every aspect of the world. However, when speaking of
progress, there is usually an indication that there is a certain point of destination that one is supposed to arrive at, or in other words, progress is
supposed to lead something to a developed state. The hunting and gathering lifestyle became known to man about 10 to 15 thousand years ago,
according to "A Cross–Cultural and Evolutionary View of Gender Stratification." This society was based on men hunting animals, and women
gathering anything edible for the group to eat. In this early society, there was no goal for the future, but to continue living as they did in groups of 50
to 300, which was very successful for 70,000 years. The transition to agriculture happened...show more content...
It all started because of the slash and burn cultivation, which consisted of cutting down all organic life in a certain field, setting it on fire, and coming
back some time after, when the soil would have been much more efficient of supporting the area. This technique started since hunters and gatherers
were constantly on the move and realized that after forest fires, the land had much more potential for growing plants more effectively. Once again, this
was not considered to be progress because these people were never aiming for this result, it was just a coincidence that first occurred in Southwest Asia.
Furthermore, this was mainly the beginning of horticulture, a lifestyle based on plant cultivation, which landed between gathering and

Gender Stratification Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Featured

Featured (20)

Gender Stratification Essay