Data is the key for development and gender dis-aggregated data is crucial for all gender budgeting activities. Understanding with regard to gender sensitive quantitative and qualitative indicators is a must for mainstreaming gender across sectors and for all stakeholders- private or public

1. Gender Budgeting &
Relevance of Indicators
Dr. Paramita Majumdar
Senior Consultant (UNW), Gender Budgeting
Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt. of India
30th
November, 2016
Administrative Training Institute, Kohima, Nagaland
Training Programme for Officials of
State Government of Nagaland
28-30 November 2016

2. Processes of GB
Conceiving
Planning
Approving
Executing
Monitoring
Analysing &
Auditing
How do you decide
for a new scheme?
How do you plan? Plan
Documents whether
Gender Sensitive
Who plans?
Capacity to plan?
Stakeholders ? At what
level?
What to plan?
How is the Dt. Plan
prepared?
Who approves?
Whether they are
Gender sensitive?
What is approved?
Staff (M/F)
Resources
Guidelines
What to observe and
check?
How often?
How to monitor?
Checking against what
is planned
What is audited? Why?
Who does the audit?
What happens to the
audit report?
Does it impact the planning process
of your Dept.?

3. process product process product process product
policy
formulation
policy
statement
budget
(activities)
compilation
budget expenditure
on activities
outcomes
revenue
collection
Analysis - From Policy to
Outcomes
Policy appraisal
(Gender appraisal) Audit
(Gender Audit)
Budget appraisal
(Gender budgeting)

4. What are measurements of
change?
• Measuring change means tracking the degree to
which, and in what way, changes take place over
time. From a gender perspective, it might address
changes in the
 Relations between men and women,
 changes in the outcomes of a particular policy,
programme or activity for women and men, or
 changes in the status or situation of men and women
with regards to a particular issue such as levels of
poverty or political participation.

5. What are measurements of
change?
• To measure these changes we need to know where
we are now – our starting point.
• We must also decide
 what we want to measure,
 what kind of data is needed, and
 how that data should be collected and analysed.

6. Gender-sensitive indicators compare the situation of one
sex with the other - incorporates sex-disaggregated
indicators which provide separate measures for men and
women on a specific indicator such as literacy. The
emphasis is on the gap between women and men
Gender sensitive indicators may also refer to gender-
specific indicators where the indicator is specific to
women or men. Women-specific indicators record the
absolute position of women at particular points in time,
for example, in Nagaland, x% of women reported having
been physically abused by a partner in 2005 and 2015
Indicators

7. December 14, 2016 7
60.94 / 52.58
88.69 / 81.4887.54 / 81.77
83.66 / 72.21
92.18 / 91.01
90.81 / 84.48
87.85 / 82.62
76.31 / 69.59
82.84 / 72.58
74.88 / 63.97
74.48 / 69.63
Literacy Rate -
2011

8. Need for gender-sensitive
Indicators
 To take gender equality seriously
 To enable better planning and action because
they form the basis for analysis to assess differences
in the situations of women and men and whether
those are changing
 To provide an evidence base for research and
policy development
 Needed to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness
and efficiency of policy developments
• To hold the Government Departments/ agencies/
commitment-makers accountable for their actions,
or their lack of action

9. • While measuring is often considered to
be a technical exercise, the process of
choosing what to measure is political –
and indicators tend to reflect the
priorities of decision-makers rather than
those of the beneficiaries themselves
• Valuable data does not always lead to
useful actions

10. Which methods should we use?
• Quantitative
• Qualitative
• Participatory

11. Quantitative Indicators
• Quantitative methods of data collection produce
quantifiable results, and as such focus on issues which
can be counted such as percentages of women and
men in parliament, male and female wage rates,
school enrolment rates for girls and boys etc.
• Quantitative methods are favoured because -
 perceived to be more objective and verifiable
 Concrete and straightforward to track
 Easy to compare over time and space
• Quantitative data is generally collected through
censuses, administrative records and other large-scale
surveys

12. Qualitative Indicator
• Qualitative methodologies capture people’s opinions,
attitudes and feelings and are generally derived from
more qualitative processes of investigation (e.g. Focus
group discussions).
• Qualitative data can also be collected through
surveys measuring perceptions and opinions.
• Qualitative data can also be quantified, for example
the level of women’s satisfaction with PMJDY
• Qualitative data - Constraints
• Non-concrete
• based on subjective opinions and is open to differing
interpretations which causes scepticism about the
validity of this data
• more labour-intensive and they are therefore limited to
smaller sample sizes.

13. • Participatory methodologies are based on the
principle that men and women should be the agents
of their own development, contributing to decisions
about what should be measured and what indicators
should be used, and participating in the research
themselves.

14. Gender Mainstreaming
• Gender mainstreaming is a systematic inclusion of
both women’s and men’s concerns, experiences
and needs.
• It is a process of consistently incorporating sensitivity
to gender differences in governance, decision-
making, policy, needs analysis, institutional offices
and mechanisms, planning, budgeting,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation in
institutions so as to create an organisation that is
gender equitable
• Mainstreaming gender necessitates that gender
perspectives become part of the normal perspective
of an organization without its having to resort to
special vehicles, units or offices that isolate and
marginalize these issues.

15. How to mainstream
gender?
• Effective gender mainstreaming should be context-and content-
oriented. This means a much more qualitative analysis over and
beyond the quantitative presentation.
• Pre-requisites for context and content analysis -
 Profiling generally provides a quantitative picture of the status of
men and women in any given sector, e.g. employment at
university.
 Gender analysis is an essential first step of collecting and
analysing sex-disaggregated information in order to understand
gender differences and how these differences may have an
effect on policies' effectiveness.
 Gender audit is an evaluation process aimed at figuring out
whether set policies or interventions are doing that which they are
meant to be doing. It is an Institution’s self-assessment, monitoring
and evaluation of interventions with the broad aim of diagnosis
and transformation.

16. The SDGs

17. Critical Areas of Gender Concern - 1
 Infant Mortality, Maternal Mortality
 Discrimination in Consumption pattern of male and
Female Children
 Discrimination in education, employment, salary and
wages
 Stereotyping in employment opportunities
 Feminization of Poverty: The persistent and increasing
burden of poverty on women; Poverty to be interpreted
as “lack of” not only income but also in other aspects
 Health issues including HIV / AIDS and Nutrition:
Inequalities and inadequacies in and unequal access to
health care and services; more social stigma attached to
women with diseases
 Education and training: Inequalities and inadequacies in
and unequal access to education and training

18. Critical Areas of Gender Concern - 2
 Violence: Gender-based violence, including domestic
violence, sexual violence, stalking, sexual harassment at
work, trafficking into prostitution, dowry violence, forced
marriage, traditional and honour-based violence, women
as witches, eve teasing, marital rape, abuse of
women/men working as domestic workers
 Armed conflict: The effects of armed or other kinds of
conflict on women, including those living under foreign
occupation
 Economic empowerment : Inequality in economic
structures and policies, in all forms of productive activities
and in access to resources

19. Critical Areas of Gender Concern - 3
 Power and decision Making: Inequality between men and
women in the sharing of power and decision-making at all
levels
 Institutional mechanism for the advancement : Insufficient
mechanisms at all levels to promote the advancement
especially of women for skill development, entrepreneurial
development
 Human rights : Lack of respect for and inadequate
promotion and protection of the human rights especially of
women
 Media: Stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s
participation in all communication systems, especially in the
media

20. Critical Areas of Gender Concern - 4
 Environment: Gender inequalities in the management
of natural resources and in the safeguarding of the
environment
 Time use of men and women through which the unpaid
work of both genders are captured. The Unpaid work
could be domestic work , care work , work done in
household enterprises.
 Not only the unpaid work but also the leisure time
available can be measured.

21. Identifying Entry Points
in the
New Framework

22. 15-year Vision Document
• Co-terminus with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Main objective of the vision - Poverty Eradication
• 7-year strategy (2017-18 to 2023-24 )to convert a long-vision
document into implementable policy and
• 3-year action plan (2017-18 to 2019-20) as part of the national
developmental agenda - aligned with the 14th FC
• Focus Areas - Infrastructure, commerce, education and health, also
• internal security and defence, which were not part of the earlier five
year plans.

23. 12th
Plan Key Strategies – not over
 Engendering National Policies/Programmes
 Enabling Legislations
 Women’s Participation in Governance
 Social Inclusion of Vulnerable women
 Economic Empowerment
 Social and Physical Infrastructure

24. INPUTS
Log Frames
IMPACT
OUTCOME
Logical Framework
is an analytical
tool used to plan,
monitor and
evaluate projects

26. Thank You !!
For queries, if any:
majumdarparamita@gmail.com