Role of women in Technical Education

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
BY:
ATIFA AQUEEL
Guest Teacher
Electronics Engineering Section
University Women’s Polytechnic
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh

 Introduction
 Indian Education System
 Technical education
 Benefits of polytechnic system
 Women Empowerment
 Current Status of Women Empowerment in India
 Technology empowering women
 Internet and Women
 Role of ICT in empowerment
 Women entrepreneurship in India
 Famous women entrepreneurs
 Indian Government Schemes For Women Empowerment
 Conclusion
 References
Content

If you educate a man you educate an individual,
however, if you educate a woman you educate the
whole family. Women empowered means mother
India empowered.
Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru

 India is the world’s largest democracy in the world with a
population of nearly 1.25 billion.
 Women as an independent group constitute 48.4% of the
country’s total population as per the 2018 Census.
 The literacy rate is lower for women compared to men: 60.6%
for women, while for men it is 81.3%.
 Higher and Technical education of both men and women in India
plays an important role in improving living standards and
prosperity of the country.
Introduction

 The evolution of new forms of technologies and imaginative forms of
applications of the new and older technologies makes the lives of the people
better and more comfortable in several ways.
 Information is the key to democracy. With the advent of ICT, it has become
possible for the common man to access global information.
 Emerging digital techniques, new network alternatives (Intelligent Networks),
high bandwidth communication technology, and state-of-the-art software for
network functions and services, are the new technology trends evident in the
development of electronic communication systems.
Introduction

Selected Indicators on Status of
Women
Source: Dr Avani Maniar, Ms Naina Khuraniya And Ms. Dhara Bhatt, Empowering Women by Enhancing their Decision
Making Capacities Using ICT Tools, International Conference on Women Studies and Social Sciences, Chandigarh, 9-11
March 2017

 The present education system in India mainly comprises of :
 Primary education (8 years), Secondary education (2 years), Senior
secondary education (2 years), Higher education.
 Higher education in India starts after passing the higher secondary
education or the 12th standard.
 Depending on the stream, doing graduation in India can take three to five
years.
 Post graduate courses are generally of two to three years of duration.
 Non-Technical courses like BA, MA, etc. are of little relevance in
professional world and don’t enhance employment opportunities .
 Hence, there is a need to promote technical and vocational skills among
students for economic independence.
Indian Education System

 Technical Education plays a vital role in human resource
development of the country by creating skilled manpower,
enhancing industrial productivity and improving the quality of
life.
 Technical Education covers degree and diploma courses and
programmes in engineering & technology, management,
architecture, town planning, pharmacy and applied arts & crafts,
hotel management and catering technology.
 Polytechnics are meant to provide technical skills after class X and
the duration of diploma programmes is three years, which means,
the trainee becomes employable at the age of 19 years.
Technical Education

 Technical Education is instrumental in making the remarkable
contribution to economic growth of the Developing Countries.
 Technical Education covers degree and diploma courses and
programs in engineering & technology, management, architecture,
town planning, pharmacy and applied arts & crafts, hotel
management and catering technology.
 Polytechnic education has responded to the challenges of
industrialization for self-reliance.
 For the economic development and to ensure a place for India in
the community of prosperous nations technical education was
given the due importance.
Technical Education

1. Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC)
2. Sub-Mission on Polytechnics under the Coordinated Action for Skill
Development
3. Scheme of Apprenticeship Training
4. Support For Distance Education & Web Based Learning (NPTEL)
5. Indian National Digital Library in Engineering, Science & Technology
(INDEST-AICTE) Consortium
6. National Programme of Earthquake Engineering Education (NPEEE)
7. Technology Development Mission
8. Direct Admission of Students Abroad
9. Scheme for Upgrading existing Polytechnics to Integrate the Physically
Disabled in the mainstream of Technical and Vocational Education
10. Setting up 20 new IIITs.
MHRD Schemes for Technical
Education
Ref: http://mhrd.gov.in/schemes

 A polytechnic education offers a distinct third option between university
and college – one that combines the deep, theoretical learning with
applied, hands-on experience.
 Polytechnic is the best option for those who want to ‘earn while they
learn’ as student can easily get a job after the diploma and start working
while you pursue engineering..
 Polytechnic makes you much more technically sound than an average
student who has passed Std XII.
 The first co-educational polytechnic was established in 1937.
 It was a round 1961 that two polytechnics for women were started in
Delhi and Bangalore after recommendation of National Council for
Women.
Benefits of Polytechnic System

 Polytechnics are meant to provide skills after class X and the
duration of diploma programmes is three years, which means, the
trainee becomes employable at the age of 19 years
 The aim of the polytechnic education is to create a pool of skill
based manpower to support shop floor and field operations as a
middle level link between technicians and engineers.
 The pass-outs of Diploma level Institutions in Engineering &
Technology play an important role in managing shop floor
operations.
 It is further an established fact that small & medium Industry
prefer to employ Diploma Holders because of their special skills
Benefits of Polytechnic System

Action Plan for Polytechnics
Upgrade 400 Government Polytechnics.
Set up 125 new polytechnics in PPP mode in hitherto unreserved
districts.
 Run all polytechnics in two shifts to double the capacity
utilization.
 Encourage much larger initiative in private sector since the
demand for junior engineers is enormous and absorption and
placements are nearly guaranteed.
 State governments may be encouraged to let their engineering
colleges start polytechnics in evening shift to turnout junior
engineers.

TECHNICALAND VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET)
SYSTEM

TECHNICALAND VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET)
SYSTEM
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkZT1AH-NII

 Women Empowerment refers to increasing and improving the
social, economic, political and legal strength of the women, to
ensure equal-right to women.
Women Empowerment

Women's empowerment has five components:
 Sense of self-worth
 Right to have and to determine choices
 Right to have access to opportunities and resources
 Right to have the power to control their own lives, both
within and outside the home
 Ability to influence the direction of social change to create
a more just social and economic order, nationally and
internationally
What is Women Empowerment?
Ref: Guidelines on women's empowerment, united nations population information network
(POPIN) un population division, department of economic and social affairs 1995

Need for Women Empowerment
EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS
SOCIETY PROBLEMS
LOW CONFIDENCE
LACK OF UNITY
TRADITIONAL BARRIERS
POVERTY AND IGNORANCE

 In many countries, however, girls still lag behind boys in terms of access to and
use of ICTs.
 Barriers such as gender discrimination, lack of time, confidence and money
continue to prevent girls and young women from taking full advantage of
technology.
 The ratio of men compared to that of women in the IT sector is probably 81-
19%.
 Dec. 2017, Internet usage in India is still a "male preserve", with only 29 per
cent of online users being females
Need for Women Empowerment

Gender Discrimination
In a conversation with 16-year-old Jyoti about how she uses the internet and the
websites, she told that she is not allowed to have a mobile phone since her parents are
worried that she might use the phone to chat with boys.

Constitutional provisions
Women as an independent group constitute 48% of the country’s total
population as per the 2001 Census. The importance of women as a
important human resource was recognized by the Constitution of India
which not only accorded equality to women but also empowered the State
to adopt measures of positive discrimination in their favor. A number of
Articles of the Constitution specially reiterated the commitment of the
constitution towards the socio economic development of women and
upholding their political right and participation in decision making.

 National Policy for Empowerment of Women formulated in 2001
aimed to bring about social change in attitudes towards women and
women empowerment.
 One of the major objectives of this policy was to give equal access
to women to healthcare, quality education at all levels, career and
vocational guidance, employment, equal remuneration, occupation,
safety, social security, public office, etc.
 This policy aimed at bringing about a greater involvement of
women in science and technology.
 These included measures to motivate girls to take up science and
technology for higher education.
National Policy for Empowerment

Current status of women empowerment in India

 Work participation of
women(2001) – 25.63%
 Urban: rural ratio of work
participation of women - 11.88:
30.79
 Women working in unorganized
sectors – 80%
 Women economically active at
15 years (2009) – 33%
Economic Independence of Women

Holistic approach to Empowerment

WOMEN
EMPOW-
ERMENT
WISDOM
INDUSTRY
STRENGTH
EMPATHY
PROPORTION
OF WOMEN IN
PARLIAMENT
AND LOCAL
BODIES
WOMEN
PARTICIPATIO
N IN
ELECTION
ECONOMICALL
Y
INDEPENDENT
WOMEN
WOMEN
LITERACY
FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT

A triangle that can move the mountain

 Women availing services of public utilities like road
transport, power, water and sanitation,
telecommunication etc.
 Training of women as highly skilled workers-top end
skills.
 Research/Technology for women.
 Women in the work force.
 Asset ownership by women.
 Women as Entrepreneurs
Action Areas

Using Technology to Empower
Women
Internet usage rate worldwide in 2017, by gender and
region
Source: Google images

 If you educate a girl or a
woman, you educate a family,
and may be even a community.
 But as ICTs (information and
communication technologies)
and media become increasingly
available around the globe,
when you educate a girl or a
woman, you may also educate a
region, or even a country.
Women
SOURCE: Google images

 Four Essential Requirements
1. Provide access to information
 Empowered women and girls need information about health,
agriculture, weather, and countless other topics, and they need
ways to access it.
Whether through the internet, a phone (mobile or landline), a
book, periodical, or another person, women and girls need
information and a way to obtain it.
Women

2. Create empowering environments
 Women and girls also need safe spaces where they can find
support as they access technology and information.
 Financial allocation for programs and services is important to
consider at the policy level.
Women

3. Offer support
 Access to information isn’t enough. By all means, provide
information to women — but also give them the chance to learn
more about the ways they can use that information to improve
their lives.
 In communities where economic empowerment is a major issue,
provide workshops and trainings about how to use the internet to
grow markets and improve small businesses.
Women

4. Promote non-traditional education and knowledge sharing
Of course it would be ideal if all girls and women could have
access to formal education.
But those who don’t can still learn and share knowledge with
others.
Women

Technology Empowering Women
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7ttdYqguAY

There are about 5114 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) imparting training in 57
engineering and 50non-engineering trades.
Of these, 1896 are State Government-run ITIs while 3218 are private. The total seating
capacity in these ITIs is 7.42lacs .
These courses are open to those who have passed either class 8th to 10th depending on the
trade and are of 1 or 2 years duration, which varies from course to course.
Aspirants who have passed ITI can go for specialized short term courses in Advanced
Training Institute (ATI), can also apply for higher studies like Diploma in Engineering.
There is abundance of job opportunities in the private and public sectors for both
engineering (Surveyor, Turner, Hardware fitter, Mechanics, etc.) and non-engineering trades
(Craftsman, Fashion technology, Horticulture, Insurance Agent, etc.).
Central/State Government organisations like Indian Army, Navy, and Air force provide
opportunities for ITI passed candidates of different trades.
ITI qualified people can set their own business like can open winding shops, can start
motor garage or repairing workshops, can operate generators etc.
Skilled workers also have bright opportunities in foreign countries.
ITIs (Industrial Training
Institutes)

 There is no country except USA
where women are more active
than men, but there are a few
countries where the differences
are not statistically significant
such as Thailand, China and
South Africa.
 Men are more likely than women
to have high-speed connections
at home. 52% of men and 48%
of women have high-speed
connections at home.
INTERNET AND WOMEN

 Online activities: Men are more likely than women to use the
internet for many online activities, but women are catching up.
 Using the internet to get information: Men pursue and consume
information online more aggressively than women.
 Using the internet for entertainment: Men use the internet more
than women as a destination for recreation.
 Issues about gender and the internet: Men are more interested in
technology than women, and they are also more tech savvy.
 Men value the internet for the breadth of experience it offers;
women value it for enriching their relationships, but they’re more
concerned about its risks.
INTERNET AND WOMEN

INTERNET AND WOMEN
India’s Facebook population, comprising 76% men and just 24% women

Male and Female Facebook Users

 According to a survey conducted by
Google India, out of the total 150
million Internet users in the country,
around 60 million women in India are
now online and use the online medium
to manage their day-to-day life.
 “With the report it is clear that the
Internet is empowering Indian women
with easy access to information and
helping them to make more informed
decisions in their day-to-day life,” said
Rajan Anandan, vice president and
managing director, Google India.
INTERNET AND WOMEN
Source: www.topnews.in/60-million-women-use-internet-manage-everyday-life-survey-2380239

 According to a 2010 report by the GSMA and the Cherie Blair
Foundation, mobile phone ownership can transform the lives of
women in the developing world:
 Of the more than 2,000 women surveyed from four low- to middle-
income countries (Bolivia, Egypt, India, and Kenya,)
 41% of women reported increased income or professional
opportunities
 85 % reported higher independence
 93 % t reported feeling safer because of mobile phone ownership.
INTERNET AND WOMEN
Source: www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/blog-view/improving-the-lives-of-women-and-girls-through-technology

 Intel’s Women and the Web study, which surveyed 2,200 women from
India, Egypt, Mexico, and Uganda reports that:
 77 % of the women surveyed used the internet to further their education.
 Among other examples, 54 % of women surveyed in India used the internet
for financial services and banking.
 68 % of women surveyed in Egypt reported that they felt access to the
internet gave them greater freedom.
 These findings show that access to and, importantly, the ability to
understand and use technologies, can have a positive impact on women’s
freedom of expression, education, and employment opportunities.
INTERNET AND WOMEN

1. Digital media has provided a forum for community-building.
 Digital media platforms, such as blogging and social media, are an excellent
way to enhance employability.
2. Digital media has helped to empower women as leaders.
3. Digital media has made it easier for women to start their own
businesses.
4. Digital media has provided a forum for women to engage publicly on
meaningful topics.
5. Digital media has helped activists to raise awareness about misogyny
online, and given people tools to combat it.
6. Digital media has increased public awareness of women’s rights
violations worldwide.
7. Digital media has improved girls’ access to education worldwide.
8. Digital media has provided young women with more career options.
DIGITAL MEDIA HAS
TRANSFORMED PEOPLE’S LIVES

 The urban educated women need information mainly pertaining to:
 Research, Educational opportunities including prospects abroad, Career
advancement facilities, Job/ employment prospects in India and abroad,
Matrimonial, Fashion and market values, Health and child care facilities
which includes sexual and reproduction activity, Information, Art and
entertainment Social support system for working women, Legal rights and
provisions.
 The urban lower middle class women however, specially need
information on:
 Expensive educational facilities, Career advancement and job opportunities
in the city itself, Matrimonial within the restrictions of caste and class,
Inexpensive health and childcare, Inexpensive social support systems for
working women, Legal rights and provisions against social injustice,
domestic violence, Dowry system etc.
WOMEN AND ICT

 A large chunk of women who have been adversely affected by the
globalization process are the poor urban slum dwellers and women. To
say the least they are the most marginalised people in the urban sector.
Their information needs are only for subsistence.
 They may need information on the following ground:
 Health services and child care facilities which are available free of cost.
 Job opportunities in the low paid informal sector including domestic services
 Housing availability specially in slums
 Free educational facilities for their children especially for boys
 Information regarding government programmes for the poor and how to deal
with the procedure
 Legal provisions against sexual harassment, domestic violence and social
injustice.
WOMEN AND ICT

 ICT has made a tremendous impact in
imparting knowledge on modern technology
and its uses.
 NGOs, SHGs working in the field,
governmental agencies and other private
agencies have also extended their help to
promote ICT among the women.
 ICT empower women in various areas like
social, educational, psychological, political,
technological and economical and well as few
degree of disempowerment due to some
internal and external reasons (Beena et
al.2012).
 Empowerment of women in the context of
knowledge societies is understood as building
the ability and skills of women to gain insight
into actions and issues in the external
environment, which influence them.
ICT and Women Empowerment

 With the growing need of human, it has become a
challenge for women to fulfill all her responsibility
and perform all roles at the same time.
 Therefore, her dependency has been increased over
family members, helpers/maids, friends, neighbors
and Media.
 Media here include print media i.e. newspaper,
magazine, tabloids, electronic media i.e. television,
radio and new media i.e. internet and mobile
technology.
 Women still have to do the lion’s share of housework
despite going out to work in ever increasing numbers.
 Previous Researches have found that they spent three
times as long on domestic chores, such as cooking,
cleaning and washing, as their husbands or partners.
 Women are the breadwinners, however, have to
shoulder the burden of all the housework. .
The Role of Internet in Helping Working
Women to perform their Household
Responsibilities

There are various firms working in this direction which includes
government agencies, NGO’s, educational institutes, radio stations,
industries etc.
NGO’s utilizing ICT for supporting women are:
 SMILE: Savitri Marketing Institution for Ladies Empowerment
 SEWA: Self Employed Women’s Association
 Ujjas Innovation
 The Dhan Foundation and Swayam Krishi Sangam.
Various companies like IBM, HCL, GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, TCS etc
are providing a variety of services to attract women employees like
maternity leaves, child care leaves, flexible working hours, work from
home facility, pick and drop facility etc.
Supporting Firms for Development
of Women

Many central programmes/schemes contribute significantly to
technical education. These include:
 Programme for Apprenticeship Training (Scholarship and Stipends),
 Community Polytechnics (CP),
 Technician Education Project-III assisted by the World Bank for
Improvement of Polytechnic Education.
 Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP),
 Polytechnics for Disabled Persons,
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL).
 National Programme for Earthquake Engineering Education,
 INDEST, MALIBNET
 Consortium and Technology Development Missions.

SURVEY
A study was conducted on “The Role of Internet in Helping
Working Women to perform their Household Responsibilities”
The sample of the study consisted of 110 working women from
Vadodara city.
March 2017

 Majority of working women (63.63%) used
smartphone as a device used to access
Internet.
 Little more than thirty percent of Working
Women (33.64%) spent 1- 2 hours per day
on internet.
 Majority of the Working Women (62.73%)
were using internet since 1- 5 years.
 Most of the time internet was used by the
respondents for Emailing, Social
networking, Chatting, Getting News, File
sharing, Watching Videos, listening to
music, checking latest fashion, learning
new recipes.
Major findings of the study were
March 2017

 Majority of them (95.45%)
cooked meal for the family
members. Less than fifty percent
shared responsibility of buying
grocery, vegetables, and fruits for
the family.
 More number of the Working
women (82.72%) had
responsibility regarding gather
information regarding the bank
accounts.
Findings related to Household
Responsibilities revealed that:
March 2017

 The respondents fulfilled household
responsibilities of kitchen management of
learning various recipes and preparing
breakfast items to high extent.
 The working women carried
responsibilities like helping children in
their school projects and homework and
providing moral education lessons, science
projects, math projects and creative
activities of the children to a high extent.
Findings related to Internet Usage for
Household Responsibilities revealed that:
March 2017

 Social responsibilities like connecting with
family, friends and relatives and remaining
updated on social media like Facebook, twitter
and Instagram etc. was carried to a higher extent
by them.
 The working women used internet for getting
ideas for home décor to higher extent.
 The working women executed responsibility of
managing shares and investments, managing
money for bills, online recharges and for net
banking and preparing budgets of household and
office use to a moderate extent with the help of
internet.
Findings related to Internet Usage for
Household Responsibilities revealed that:
March 2017

Empowering Women in Small
Districts and Villages
I Village: A social enterprise, working in collaboration with Pardada Pardadi
Educational Society (PPES), an NGO working towards educating girls and providing
them vocational training.
 The aim of I Village is to ensure that women of smaller districts find employment
and the products made by them reach far and wide.
 The women employed by the social enterprise manufacture designer products,
ranging from home decor and clothing to wedding ensembles and corporate gifting.

Small Scale Industries
 Provide employment opportunities to
women in India.
 It promotes entrepreneurial skills
among women as special incentives are
given to women entrepreneurs.
 For example: PSIEC Ltd. (Punjab Small
Industries and Export Corporation ) helps
creative and skillful artists in Punjab by
selling their handicrafts like carpets,
furniture, textiles and many household
items like crockery, in the showroom at
various places in India.

Women Entrepreneurship in
India: Some Aspects

 Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of
almost all countries.
 The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually
been changing with the growing sensitivity to the role and
economic status in the society.
 ‘Women Entrepreneur’ is a person who accepts challenging role to
meet her personal needs and become economically independent.
 With the advent of technology and digital media, women are aware
of their own traits, rights and also the work situations.
Women Entrepreneurship

 The challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital
era are growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job
creators.
 They are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, exporters,
publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new avenues
of economic participation.
 In India, although women constitute the majority of the total
population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one.
 Women in advanced nations are recognized and are more
prominent in the business world.
Women Entrepreneurship

 Push Factors
 Death of bread winner
 Sudden fall in family income
 Permanent inadequacy in income of the family
 Pull Factors
 Women’s desire to evaluate their talent
 To utilize their free time or education
 Need and perception of Women’s Liberation, Equity etc.
 To gain recognition, importance and social status.
 To get economic independence
Why do Women Take-up
Employment?

 Women in organized & unorganized sector
 Women in traditional & modern industries
 Women in urban & rural areas
 Women in large scale and small scale industries.
 Single women and joint venture
Categories of Women
Entrepreneurs

 First Category
 Established in big cities
 Having higher level technical & professional qualifications
 Non traditional Items
 Sound financial positions
 Second Category
 Established in cities and towns
 Having sufficient education
 Both traditional and non traditional items
 Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crèches, beauty parlors, health
clinic etc.
Categories of Women Entrepreneurs
in Practice in India

 Third Category
 Illiterate women
 Financially week
 Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture,
Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry,
Handloom, Powerloom etc.
Contd…

 Direct & indirect financial support
Nationalized banks
 State finance corporation
State industrial development corporation
District industries centers
Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
State Small Industrial Development Corporations (SSIDCs)
 Yojna schemes and programmes
Supportive Measures for Women’s Economic
Activities and Entrepreneurship

 Technological training and awards
 Stree Shakti Package by SBI
 Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
 Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development
(TREAD)
 National Institute of Small Business Extension Training (NSIBET)
 Women’s University of Mumbai
 Federations and associations
 National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)
 India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi
 Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
 Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka (AWEK)
 World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (WAWE)
 Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)
CONTD…

Women Entrepreneurship in India

COUNTRY PERCENTAGE
India (1970-1971) 14.2
India (1980-1981) 19.7
India (1990-1991) 22.3
India (2000-2001) 31.6
USA 45
UK 43
INDONASIA 40
SRILANKA 35
BRAZIL 35
Women Work Participation

 Earlier there were 3 Ks
 Kitchen
 Kids
 Knitting
 Then came 3 Ps
 Powder
 Pappad
 Pickles
 At present there are 4 Es
 Electricity
 Electronics
 Energy
 Engineering
Women Entrepreneurship in
India

Top Women Entrepreneurs in
India

 Entrepreneur Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairman & Managing
Director of Bioon Ltd., who became India's richest woman in 2004 (an
estimated Rs.2,100 crore ) ~US$480 million), was educated at the
Bishop Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel College in Bangalore.
She founded Biocon India with a capital of Rs.10,000 in her garage in
1978 - the initial operation was to extract an enzyme from papaya.
 Her application for loans were turned down by banks then - on three
counts - biotechnology was then a new word, the company lacked assets,
and (most importantly) women entrepreneurs were still a rarity. Today,
her company is the biggest biopharmaceutical firm in the country.
1. Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

 Naina Lal Kidwai was the first Indian woman to graduate from the
Harvard Business School.
 Fortune magazine listed Kidwai among the World's Top 50
Corporate Women from 2000 to 2003.
 According to the Economic Times, she is the first woman to head
the operations of a foreign bank in India (HSBC).
 Kidwai was awarded the Padma Shri in the year 2008.
2. Naina Lal Kidwai

 Sulajja Firodia Motwani, Joint Managing Director of Kinetic
Engineering Ltd., is in-charge of the company's overall business
developmental activities.
 She is also the Director of Kinetic Motor Company Limited and Kinetic
Marketing Services Limited.
 A fitness freak and avid sports enthusiast, she even played badminton at
the national level.
 The magazine 'India Today' has honoured her with the title of business
'Face of the Millennium'.
 She was ranked among the top 25 business entrepreneurs of the country,
and was also presented with the Society Young Achiever's Award for
Business in 2002.
 The same year, she was chosen as the 'Global Leader of Tomorrow' by
the World Economic Forum.
3. Sulajja Firodia Motwani

 Dr. Jatinder Kaur Arora, an outstanding scientist from Punjab, was
conferred a national award for her work on women's development
through science and technology.
 Dr. Arora, perhaps the first scientist to get such an award, is a
doctorate in microbiology and has a brilliant academic record.
 An unlikely and fairly new contender on this list, she is serving as
a joint director in the Punjab State Council for Science and
Technology at present.
4. Dr. Jatinder Kaur Arora

 Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi, chairman and executive officer of PepsiCo,
was according to Forbes magazine's 2006 poll, the fourth most powerful
woman in the world.
 She was also named the #1 Most Powerful Woman in Business in 2006
by Fortune magazine.
 She got her bachelor's degree from Madras Christian College in 1974,
entered the Business Diploma programme at the Indian Institute of
Management, Calcutta, and later moved to the US to attend the Yale
School of Management.
 Nooyi serves on the board of directors of several organizations,
including Motorola, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the
International Rescue Committee, and the Lincoln Center for the
Performing Arts.
5. Indra Krishnamurthy
Nooyi

 Are you aware of the story of seven illiterate and poor women who
borrowed Rs 80 to start a papad business?
 Its turnover from Rs 6,196 in the first year went upto Rs 300 crore in
the next four decades
 40,000 women on its revolutionary march.
 The story which reads almost like a fairy-tale chronicles the growth of
an exclusive women's organisation
 Jaywantiben Popat, one of the women
involved with this phenomenal spirit, was
honoured last year at the ET Awards for her
outstanding achievements
 The Lijjat Papad story is an inspirational one.
6. Jaywantiben Popat
(The Lijjat Papad story)

 Started as a trade union, registered in 1972, founded by Ela Bhatt, it is an
organisation of self-employed women workers who earn a living through their
own labour or small businesses.
 SEWA sought a two-pronged strategy of full-employment and self-reliance.
 SEWA's membership, which is a nominal Rs. 5 a year, includes women from a
cross-section of society — from vegetable and fruit hawkers to home-based
weavers, potters and manual labourers.
 It is SEWA's belief that once women achieve employment and economic
independence, they will improve the quality of not only their lives but also that
of their families.
 Ela Bhatt has been awarded the Padmashri, the Padmabhushan as well as the
Ramon Magsaysay Award.
7. SEWA (Self-Employed
Women's Association)
YEAR NO. OF MEMBERS
1973 320
2002 6,89,551

 Sudha Murthy began her professional career as a computer scientist and
engineer. She is the chairperson of the Infosys Foundation and a member of public health care
initiatives of the Gates Foundation.
 Sudha completed a B.E. in Electrical Engineering from the B.V.B. College of Engineering &
Technology, standing first in her class and receiving a gold medal from the Chief Minister of
Karnataka.
 She completed an M.E. in Computer Science from the Indian Institute of Science, standing
first and receiving a gold medal
 After graduation, Sudha became the first female engineer hired at India's largest auto
manufacturer TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company or TELCO.
 Sudha had written a postcard to the company's Chairman complaining of the "men only"
gender bias at TELCO. As a result, she was granted a special interview and hired immediately.
 A prolific writer in English and Kannada, she has written nine novels, four technical books,
three travelogues, one collection of short stories, three collections of non-fiction pieces and
two books for children.
 Her books have been translated into all the major Indian languages and have sold over three
lakh copies around the country. She was the recipient of the R.K. Narayan Award for
Literature and the Padma Shri in 2006.
8. Sudha Murthy

 Some of the women empowerment initiatives by the Indian
government are:
1. Mahila E-haat
2. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
3. One Stop Centre Scheme
4. Working Women Hostels
5. Swadhar Greh
6. STEP(Support to Training and Employment Programme)
7. Nari Shakti Puruskars
Indian Government Schemes For
Women Empowerment
Source: www.goodreturns.in/classroom/2018/02/7-indian-government-schemes-women-
empowerment/articlecontent-pf11339-680804.html

 It is a direct online marketing platform launched by the Ministry of Women and
Child Development.
 To support women entrepreneurs, Self Helf Groups (SHGs) and Non-
Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to showcase products made and services
rendered by them. This is a part of the 'Digital India' initiative.
1. Mahila E-haat

 This is a social campaign aimed
at eradication of female foeticide
and raising awareness on welfare
services intended for young
Indian girls.
 Launched on 22 January 2015, it
is a joint initiative run by
the Ministry of Women and Child
Development, the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare and
the Ministry of Human Resource
Development.
2. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao

 It was implemented on 1st April 2015 with the 'Nirbhaya' fund.
 The One Stop Centers are established at various locations in India for
providing shelter, police desk, legal, medical and counseling services to
victims of violence under one roof integrated with a 24 hour Helpline.
 The toll free helpline number is 181.
3. One Stop Centre Scheme

 The objective of the scheme is
to promote availability of safe
and conveniently located
accommodation for working
women, with day care facility
for their children, wherever
possible, in urban, semi urban,
or even rural areas where
employment opportunity for
women exist.
4. Working Women Hostels

 The Swadhar scheme was launched by the Union Ministry of Women and Child
Development in 2002 for rehabilitation of women in difficult circumstances.
 The scheme provides shelter, food, clothing and care to the marginalized women/girls
who are in need. The beneficiaries include widows deserted by their families and
relatives, women prisoners released from jail and without family support, women
survivors of natural disasters, women victims of terrorist/extremist violence etc.
 The implementing agencies are mainly NGOs.
5. Swadhar Greh

 The Support to Training and
Employment Programme for Women
(STEP) Scheme aims to provide skills
that give employability to women and
to provide competencies and skill that
enable women to become self-
employed/ entrepreneurs.
 Sectors include Agriculture,
Horticulture, Food Processing,
Handlooms, Tailoring, Stitching,
Embroidery, Zari etc, Handicrafts,
Computer & IT enable services along
with soft skills and skills for the
workplace such as spoken English,
Gems & Jewellery, Travel & Tourism,
Hospitality, etc.
6. STEP(Support to Training and
Employment Programme)

 The Nari Shakti Puruskars are national level awards recognizing the efforts
made by women and institutions in rendering distinguished services for the
cause of women, especially vulnerable and marginalized women.
7. Nari Shakti Puruskars

 Proper use of technology and technical education can change the life of
both men and women in rural and urban areas.
 As technology continues to transform society, those responsible for our
current systems of healthcare as well as education are facing
overwhelming pressure to adapt.
 By embracing the power of ICT we can enhance our education and
healthcare services to make a difference in our country.
 The potential for technology to improve the lives of women and girls
across the globe is too large an opportunity to miss.
 As stated by World Pulse founder and global women’s empowerment
leader Jensine Larsen, “If we combine the best of the global technology
industry with the ingenuity and resourcefulness of women on the ground
to solve the digital divide challenge, we can unlock a colossal wave of
human potential and freedom for future generations.”
Conclusion

1. Dr Avani Maniar, Ms Naina Khuraniya And Ms. Dhara Bhatt, Empowering Women by
Enhancing their Decision Making Capacities Using ICT Tools, International
Conference on Women Studies and Social Sciences, Chandigarh, 9-11 March 2017.
2. www.goodreturns.in/classroom/2018/02/7-indian-government-schemes-women-
empowerment/articlecontent-pf11339-680804.html
3. www.slideshare.net
4. www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/blog-view/improving-the-lives-of-women-and-girls-
through-technology
5. www.topnews.in/60-million-women-use-internet-manage-everyday-life-survey-
2380239
6. Dr. Vijay P. Goel, Deputy Director General, Department of Higher Education Ministry
of Human Resource Development, Government of India, Technical And Vocational
Education And Training (Tvet) System In India For Sustainable Development.
References

 According to the Human Development Report (1993) literacy is a
person’s first step in learning and knowledge building.
 From the Fifth five year plan (1974-78) onwards has been a
marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to
development.
 In India National Policy on Education (NPE) was set up in 1986
for the development of education and eradication of illiteracy.
 The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of
Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the right and legal entitlements of
women.
Measures and Mechanisms for the
empowerment of women

 The National Policy on Education(1986,revisedin1992)is perhaps the
most luminous document on women’s education.
 It emerged as a major breakthrough in addressing gender issues in
government policy, which projected that education can be used as an
agent of basic change in the status of women.
 The Government of India has declared 2001 as Women’s Empowerment
year.
 The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA – Education for All), which was
launched in 2001-02, is the national umbrella programme that is
spearheading the universalisation of elementary education.
 One of the challenges accepted during the 12th Plan was establishing
more Women’s Universities.
CONTD…

 Recently the NDA Government has launched Beti
Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme which aims at making
girls independent both socially as well as financially
and which will help in generating awareness
andimprovingthe
efficiencyofdeliveryofwelfareservicesmeantforwome
n

Sub-Mission on Polytechnics under the Coordinated Action for
Skill Development.
Setting Up of New Polytechnics In Unserved & Underserved
Districts
Scheme of Community Development Through Polytechnics (CDTP)
Central assistance for Construction of Women's Hostels In
selected Polytechnics
Central assistance for Upgradation of selected Polytechnics

 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a new learning
phenomenon in the world of higher education and digital
technology.
 Especially for developing countries, they are portrayed as a
great opportunity for free education, boosting the
employability of a young generation.
Technology enhances employbility

MOOCs and the employment market
Source: http://www.thebrokeronline.eu/

 SURVEY: How MOOCs can affect the “larger picture” of training and
employability.
 Employed people, professors, and students mostly agree with the statement that
MOOCs would give them better employment opportunities, while unemployed
people and business owners tend to consider it less relevant.
CONTD…

Role of women in Technical Education

Role of women in Technical Education

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Role of women in Technical Education

More from Atifa Aqueel

Recently uploaded

Role of women in Technical Education