This document contains information about various topics related to art appreciation. It discusses why the study of humanities is important as it allows us to think critically and gain new insights. It also talks about how humanities research adds to our understanding of the world and cultures. The document then provides the vision and mission statements of Mapua University. It discusses the grading system and requirements for passing GED 108 course. It also includes summaries of weekly activities from group discussions and assignments. Finally, it defines the basic elements of art such as line, shape, color etc.
preop TEE assessment of atrial septal defect is very important for making decision for device closure, properly assessed adequate rims of ASD will reduce risk of device embolization to almost nil.
Primary PCI with stenting immediately after coronary reperfusion salvage procedures jeopardizes myocardium, improves prognosis, and is the current standard of care for acute STEMI .
No-reflow is defined as an acute reduction in myocardial blood flow despite a patent epicardial coronary artery .
The pathophysiology of no-reflow involves microvascular obstruction secondary to distal embolization of clot, microvascular spasm, and thrombosis .
No-reflow occurs in ~10% of cases of primary PCI and is associated with patient characteristics such as advanced age and delayed presentation and coronary characteristics such as a completely occluded culprit artery and heavy thrombus burden .
Significant, defined as a greater than 50 percent narrowing, left main coronary artery disease is found in 4 to 6 percent of all patients who undergo coronary arteriography. When present, it is associated with multivessel coronary artery disease about 70 percent of the time
Ventricular tachycardia are difficult to understand. it is classified in to two types. 1. VT in structurally normal heart, 2. VT in heart with structural diseases. I have tried to simplify the VT in structurally normal heart, which may be helpful to many students and learners.
preop TEE assessment of atrial septal defect is very important for making decision for device closure, properly assessed adequate rims of ASD will reduce risk of device embolization to almost nil.
Primary PCI with stenting immediately after coronary reperfusion salvage procedures jeopardizes myocardium, improves prognosis, and is the current standard of care for acute STEMI .
No-reflow is defined as an acute reduction in myocardial blood flow despite a patent epicardial coronary artery .
The pathophysiology of no-reflow involves microvascular obstruction secondary to distal embolization of clot, microvascular spasm, and thrombosis .
No-reflow occurs in ~10% of cases of primary PCI and is associated with patient characteristics such as advanced age and delayed presentation and coronary characteristics such as a completely occluded culprit artery and heavy thrombus burden .
Significant, defined as a greater than 50 percent narrowing, left main coronary artery disease is found in 4 to 6 percent of all patients who undergo coronary arteriography. When present, it is associated with multivessel coronary artery disease about 70 percent of the time
Ventricular tachycardia are difficult to understand. it is classified in to two types. 1. VT in structurally normal heart, 2. VT in heart with structural diseases. I have tried to simplify the VT in structurally normal heart, which may be helpful to many students and learners.
Learning in Art Museums: Engagement With ArtMaria Mortati
Part of a panel at AERA 2013 on Learning in Art Museum. Other panelists were: Betsy DiSalvo, Georgia Tech, Karen Knutson, UPCLOSE at U. Pittsburgh, and Sarah Schultz, Walker Art Center with Palmyre Pierroux as Discussant.
ART 1223, Art Survey Southwestern Oklahoma State University .docxdavezstarr61655
ART 1223, Art Survey
Southwestern Oklahoma State University
Formal Analysis Handout
The visual analysis of artistic form.
form
1. In art, an object’s shape and structure, either in two dimensions (for example, a figure painted
on a surface) or in three dimensions (such as statue).
medium (pl. media)
1. a liquid (e.g., oil or water) with which pigments are mixed to make paint.
2. the material or form used by an artist, composer, or writer : oil paint is the most popular
medium for glazing.
LINE
• The path of a moving point made by a tool, instrument, or medium as it moves across an
area.2
SHAPE
• An area that stands out from its surroundings because of a defined or implied boundary or
because of differences of value, color, or texture.2
VALUE
• The relative degree of lightness or darkness. The characteristic of color determined by its
lightness or darkness of the quality of light reflected by the color.2
COLOR
• The visual response to different wavelengths of sunlight identified as red, green, blue, and so
on’ having the physical properties of hue, intensity, and value.2
hue: chromatic distinctiveness of color
intensity: saturation or purity of color, pure color, or mixed with a neutral or other color
value: relative light or dark of color
TEXTURE
• The surface character of a material that can be experienced through touch or the illusion of
touch.2
SPACE
• The interval, or measurable distance, between points or images; can be actual or illusionary.2
Other terms that can be useful when analyzing a work of art formally:
BALANCE
• The design or arrangement of parts in a whole grouping that creates a feeling of equilibrium
or equality. 1
EMPHASIS
• Dominance: A condition that occurs when one or more compositional elements within a
visual field is emphasized and becomes more visually prominent than the others. 1
• Focal Point: A compositional device emphasizing a certain area or object to draw attention to
the piece and to encourage closer scrutiny of the work. 3
SCALE
• The association of size relative to a constant standard or specific unit of measure related to
human dimensions. 2
Questions to consider asking when using formal analysis
• What is being emphasized? How is it being emphasized?
• What does the artist use to create emphasis? Line, shape, color?
• How does the artist use color?
• Is there a pattern or rhythm to the work of art?
• Is there an overall harmony or unity to the work? Do the elements seem connected or
disconnected?
• Does the work evoke an emotion? How does the artist achieve this effect?
• What is the format of the work, vertical or horizontal? Is it a large- or small-scale work?
• What type of texture is seen in the work of art? Does the work seem rough or smooth?
• What indication of space is inherent in the work of art? Does the artist create an illusion of
depth in the work? How is this achieved?
.
The Legacy of Breton In A New Age by Master Terrance LindallBBaez1
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thGAP - BAbyss in Moderno!! Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives ProjectMarc Dusseiller Dusjagr
thGAP - Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives Project, presents an evening of input lectures, discussions and a performative workshop on artistic interventions for future scenarios of human genetic and inheritable modifications.
To begin our lecturers, Marc Dusseiller aka "dusjagr" and Rodrigo Martin Iglesias, will give an overview of their transdisciplinary practices, including the history of hackteria, a global network for sharing knowledge to involve artists in hands-on and Do-It-With-Others (DIWO) working with the lifesciences, and reflections on future scenarios from the 8-bit computer games of the 80ies to current real-world endeavous of genetically modifiying the human species.
We will then follow up with discussions and hands-on experiments on working with embryos, ovums, gametes, genetic materials from code to slime, in a creative and playful workshop setup, where all paticipant can collaborate on artistic interventions into the germline of a post-human future.
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
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2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
4. INSIGHTS INTO
EVERYTHING
Through the exploration of the humanities,
we learn how
• to think creatively and critically,
• To reason, and
• To ask the proper question
Allow us to gain new insight into everything
from poetry and painting to business
models and politics
Humanistic subjects have been at the heart
of a liberal arts education since the Ancient
Greeks (sophos, citizens)
5. UNDERSTANDING
OUR WORLD
• Research into the human experience adds to our knowledge
about our world. Through the work of humanities scholars, we
learn about the values of different cultures, about what goes
into the making of art, about how history is made. Their efforts
preserve the great accomplishments of the past, help us to
understand the world we live in, and give us tools to imagine
the future.
6. BRINGING
CLARITY TO
THE FUTURE
Humanities continues to provide
the ideal foundation for exploring
and understanding the human
experience,
Investigating a branch of philosophy
might get you thinking about ethical
questions,
Learning another language might
help you gain an appreciation for
the similarities in different cultures.
9. HOW TO PASS
THIS COURSE?
• 1. You shall follow the grading system with all your mind and
heart
• 2. You shall attend classes on time and with enthusiasm/ready
for the lesson of the day
• 3. You shall not commit more than 7 absences
• 4. You shall submit course requirements on time (personally to
your professor)
• 5. You shall answer journals inside the classroom during the
assigned activity
10. HOW TO PASS
THIS COURSE?
• 6. You shall respect the opinion of your professor and
classmates
• 7. You shall regard silence as sacred (but participate well
during class discussion)
• 8. You shall not cheat, especially during quizzes and exams
• 9. You shall participate in co-curricular activity, submit a
portfolio (as a class)
• 10. You shall pray to the Holy Spirit for guidance (growth in
knowledge and wisdom)
11. HOW TO PASS
THIS COURSE?
• 11. If you missed an exam/deadline for submission of paper, bring an excuse
letter from your parents/guardians, and present it to your professor when
you come to class, see him at the faculty room before your time so that he
can bring with him the necessary exam papers.
• 12. Reporting: Prepare an excellent Power Point presentation; no reading
from the book! Be an expert in your topic!
• 13. It is important that you listen, understand and follow strictly the
instruction or direction being given (Exams, permit, “black ink only”, not
supplying name).
• 14. Buddy system, be extra nice when asking for information
• 15. Get all the “extra points” (especially if graduating, with scholarship)
• 16. Your book is your OWN! Read, understand, underline, remember
(RUUR)
• 17. It is always nice to be nice! In case of failure, don’t blame your
professor!
12. WHY IS ART
APPRECIATION
RELEVANT?
• “Art appreciation is relevant in terms
of daily application in life. Art is one
of the major and meanings in life and
without knowing it even with few
details gives us less appreciation to
life itself. Life is made out of art so art
appreciation is much more relevant
than what people think of” –Santos,
Christian
13. WHY IS ART
APPRECIATION
RELEVANT?
• “Art appreciation is vital as it allows u
s to see the beauty of our world. Diff
erent people have quoted art everyw
here, but in everything, only a few ha
ve acknowledged the beauty.” –
Toledo, Aeron
14. WHY IS ART
APPRECIATION
RELEVANT?
• “Important art skills like listening,
watching, and reacting to multiple
perspectives. Sharing art
appreciation also helps us to create
mutual appreciation and in our own
way how we
are all different.” –Tuazon, Gian
15. WHY IS ART
APPRECIATION
RELEVANT?
• “Art appreciation is relevant because
a person can see it anywhere and it is
the most ancient of human
expressions. It gives us
communication through paintings,
music, etc and without it it will be a
very bland world we live in.” –
Valenzuela, Margeline
16. WHY IS ART
APPRECIATION
RELEVANT?
• “Art valuable skills such as listening to
multiple perspectives, experiencing
and responding to them. Sharing art
appreciation also enables us to
establish mutual appreciation and
how in our own way we are all
different.” –Ventura, Aaron
18. GED 108 FIRST WEEK
ACTIVITY
• OUR FIRST ACTIVITY IS A QUIZ
• The first quiz we had for this course
was a quiz on the rules and the
syllabus with some added questions
on the mission and vision of Mapua
University. We haven’t got the
scores yet but I know most of us
passed.
23. 3.1. A1.1
ASSIGNMENT/BB
Questions:
List down three different authors and give their
different views of Art Appreciation? Art Education?
What is Art Appreciation subject in College? What is
its importance?
What is the difference between art appreciation and
art history?
What are the functions of Art in Art Appreciation?
25. 3.2. A1.2
ASSIGNMENT/BB
The Art of Understanding Art: A Behind the Scene Story
Questions:
• The Art of Understanding Art: A Behind the Scene Story
• Three (3) Things that I significantly learned from the readings/video
clips
• Three (3) Things that are still unclear to me
• Complete the statement: I used to think that….
• Three (3) questions that I want to ask about the readings/video clips
• Synopsis of the Readings (3-5 sentences)
•
29. DISSEMI
NATING
ARTIn the past, art has often been created for
specific religious and political purposes.
Its dissemination was limited and preset.
Numerous works made under patron- age
were kept in private spaces with limited or
no public access.
30. MUSÉE D’ ORSAY
In the photograph Musée d’ Orsay, 2, Paris (1989)
The contemporary German artist Thomas Struth (b.
1954) reflects on the role of museums in dis-
seminating art and educating the public
The Musée d’ Orsay, in Paris, is housed in a reno-
vated building, originally a nineteenth-century train
station. The art displayed here includes many works
initially rejected from official exhi- bitions whose
values at the time, both artistic and financial, were
derisory. Today, they are masterpieces of the modern
era.
31. Deaccession is a very
complicated and often
controversial process.
Museums deaccess art
they perceive, for one
reason or another, as no
longer fitting their
mission and institutional
profile. The sales of these
works contribute to the
development of the
museums’ collections and
programs.
32.
33. GED108
PREPARED BY: GROUP 2 33
ANALYZING ART
• The analysis of art is informed and supported by a wide range of resources.
• This process requires attentive viewing, critical thinking, and meticulous study.
• A first step is a careful examination of the work of art. Rigorous gathering of visual and textual information
follows.
• To value and enjoy art requires time and reflection.
• Familiarity with the experts’ tools and methods will substantially enhance spectators’ ability to understand
art.
34. THE WORK OF ART: FORM AND CONTENT
Form: Elements of Design
• Elements of design are the means employed by artists
to express their ideas. They are critical to the overall
visual aspects and play a significant role in viewers’
response to art. They include line, color, space, shapes,
light, texture, pattern, and time and motion.
GED108
PREPARED BY: GROUP 2 34
36. The purpose of interpretation is to understand the meaning
of art.
Visual observation, methodical analysis of texts and
images, and critical and creative thinking are the key to this
process.
Part Four of the book presents criteria, values, and
methodologies used in art interpretation.
36
37. Criteria
⬗ Art is expected to be a unique and visually appealing object, with either decorative purposes or an
easy-to-understand subject matter.
⬗ Original ideas and images, as long as they are not completely abstract, are essential qualities of
art.
⬗ Art should take a long time to make and be the result of the artist’s creativity. This process should
be impossible, or at least very difficult for the average viewer to duplicate.
⬗ The artist’s talent is manifested mostly by the ability to create realistic paintings and sculptures
which are perceived to have higher artistic merit than other art.
37
38. Criteria
⬗ The intentions of the artist are essential for understanding art “correctly.”
⬗ Good art is made of durable, not perishable materials.
⬗ Older art is more valuable because of its historical significance.
⬗ Preferably, art must provoke a positive, long-lasting, emotional reaction from the viewer.
⬗ Art should be enjoyable, not shocking or offensive.
⬗ Good art is displayed in museums and galleries, not malls or garages.
38
40. • The basic elements used to create a work of art
1. Line - is a mark made upon a surface. There are many different types of lines, including horizontal, vertical, wavy, diagonal,
and more.
2. Point – it is used in multiples they can create patterns.
3. Shape - are areas of enclosed space that are two-dimensional.
4. Form - can be a man-made, geometric shape that is mathematically precise in all its angles and edges.
5. Color - is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected to the eye.
6. Value - refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a certain area.
7. Space - refers to the area within, around, above or below an object or objects
8. Texture - refers to the surface quality in a work of art.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
41. • Arrangement of formal elements in art
1. Balance - refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition.
2. Unity - make elements in a composition appear to belong together.
3. Variety - varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring.
4. Movement - created in art by the way the artist uses the elements of design.
5. Emphasis - s defined as an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a focal point.
6. Proportion - refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design
7. Pattern - is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
42. - means and methods used by artist
MEDIA/MEDIUM
43. • refers to what the art
- is about,
- what is depicted,
- and what the meaning may be.
CONTENT
Theme - a higher-level of categorization, usually used to identify a major
element.
Subject Matter - is the specific story depicted in the artwork.
Title – is the name in the description that defines the artwork.
44. • Puzzle - Each group was given a puzzle pieces that has an artwork. The goal of the game was to finish the puzzle
as quickly as possible.
WEEK 3 ACTIVITIES
45. • Title Competition – Each group will have to come up with a title and each group in the class will have to vote for
a title that they like. The goal of the was to know which title is the best.
• Picture Analysis - The group will flash pictures and everyone needs to analyze the picture if its Symmetrical,
Asymmetrical, or Radial balance.
46. • The Yuchengco Museum was the museum that we visited. It is located at the heart of RCBC Plaza. Overall, the
museum was wonderful since it was clean very peaceful inside. Each of us analyzed an artwork.
3.1 ART ENCOUNTER/IMMERSION
47. Ruins on Rizal Avenue
by Fernando Amorsolo
Analyzed by Christian Earl S. Santos
60. A N A L Y S I SOF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART• OF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART • OF ART
W E E K 5
61. ELEMENTSELEMENTSOF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN• OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DE
THESE ARE THE METHODS USED TO SHOW IDEAS
THAT ARE RELATED TO VISUAL COMPONENTS
62. PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLESOF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN• OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DESIGN • OF DE
THESE ARE ELEMENTS USED TO COMPOSE THE
DIFFERENT ELEMENT IN A SPECIFIC WORK OFART
64. O U T L I N ECREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION • CREATION •
W E E K 5 A C T I V I T I E S
EVERY STUDENT WAS REQUIRED TO DO A TOPIC OUTLINE IN
USE OF A DECIMAL POINT REGARDING THE TOPICS ON HOW TO
ANALYZE ART BASED THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF ART
65. S C O R E SFOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE • FOR OUTLINE •
S C O R E S :
Ian Santos
Aeron Toledo
Gian Tuazon
Margeline Valenzuela
Aaron Ventura
9/10
10/10
0/10
(Did not pass due to technical problems
with BB)
0/10
(Did not pass due to technical problems
with BB)
0/10
(Did not pass due to technical problems
with BB)
66. A R TANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANALYSIS • ANA
67. IAN SANTOSIAN SANTOS
My artwork is all about Olaf the snowman from Frozen. I used pencil
only for the artwork and is a pretty rough sketch. I only used basic shapes
such as circles and lines as I am not that good at drawing. The artwork is
monotonous thus only having 2 colors. The artwork is pretty basic.
68. AERON TOLEDOAERON TOLEDO
The artwork that i made is a vase that contains 4 flowers with different colors. The lines i used on the
flowers are strong and bold, lending my artwork a solid emphasis on the flowers. My artwork was done of
mostly curve and expressive lines giving the artwork the necessary raw shown movement. The colors i used
were mostly vibrant especially for the flowers, this shows the current mood of me while doing the artwork,
vibrant colors means that i have this happy and jolly feeling while making this artwork. I also used a strong
coloring techniques and strokes to properly give the artwork the texture that it needs. I also used dark and
white colors to properly highlight the shadows and to show where is the light source coming from. The white
background is used to place a total emphasis on the main subject which is the flowers.
69. GIAN TUAZONGIAN TUAZON
So basically what I have done I used line and patterns to create an abstract robot. I drew on
a oslo paper because I know that when it comes to drawing oslo is better than bond paper
because it is rougher than bond paper and thicker good for drawing. I did not use any color
because I am not really good with colors so I only used a Gel pen so that it will be clear and the
ink is not too thick and thin. So in my drawing you will see that I used some patterns through out
the drawing for it not to become too plain for other people and I used contour lines to define
shapes and volume of the objects and the balance is asymmetrical, so overall my artworks
composition is with lines, shapes and patterns
70. MARGELINE VALENZUELAMARGELINE VALENZUELA
The artwork that I drew is a skull letting out tears that is color black and has a star and moon. The type
of line in the artwork is “Expressive Lines”, as you can see it shows different emotional states through
variations of shapes and directions such as the skull and the tears. As for the type of color, it would be
“Arbitrary” since the color is not normally found in the real life meaning there is no skull that actually let out
tears that is color black. The type of contrast in the artwork is “Simultaneous” since it can influence a color in
close proximity to another when the two are showed at the same time. There is also “Value” in the light since it
contrast the amount between light and dark. The shape of my artwork is circle since it is a skull and even
though there are different shapes, it highlights the circle because that is the first thing you will see in the
artwork. The type of the texture in the painting is “Actual” since it is only the quality of the material used.
71. AARON VENTURAAARON VENTURA
The finished work of art is a drawing that is considered as a 2D artwork. It is said so
because the artwork showcased a composition that is only limited to depth and height. How
was it made? Obviously, pencil was used first to sketch the outline of the drawing, then
followed by the sign pen to highlight the subject and lastly, it was colored to give creative
and imaginative feature to the artwork itself. Furthermore, the subject that is seen in the
drawing are the Simpsons family because they were ones of my favorite cartoon when I was
a child. Moreover, that movie conveys a sense of humor that gives joy to the viewers just
like when doing a drawing or 2D art since the goal is to give beauty or entertainment.
80. The term Ancient, or Archaic, Greece refers
to the Classical Age known for its art,
architecture and philosophy. Archaic Greece
saw advances in art, poetry and technology,
but is known as the age in which the polis, or
city-state, was invented.
The name 'Greeks' was given to the people of
Greece later by the Romans. They lived in
mainland Greece and the Greek islands, but
also around the Mediterranean Sea.
GREEK HISTORY
81. introduction
The Kritios boy belongs to the Late Archaic period and is
considered the precursor to the later classical sculptures of
athletes. The Kritios or Kritian boy was thus named because
it is believed to be the creation of Krito, the teacher of Myron,
from around 480 BCE. The statue is made of marble and is
considerably smaller than life-size at 1.17 m (3 ft 10 ins).
continuation
82. the kritios boy
With the Kritios Boy the Greek artist has
mastered a complete understanding of how
the different parts of the body act as a
system. The statue supports its body on one
leg, the left, whiles the right one is bent at
the knee in a relaxing state. This stance
forces a chain of anatomical events as the
pelvis is pushed diagonally upwards on the
left side, the right buttock relaxes, the spine
acquires an “S” curve, and the shoulder line
dips on the left to counteract the action of the
pelvis (contra-posto).
84. riace warriors
The Riace Warriors (also referred to
as the Riace bronzes or Bronzi di
Riace) are two life-size Greek bronze
statues of naked, bearded warriors.
The statues were discovered by
Stefano Mariottini in the
Mediterranean Sea just off the coast
of Riace Marina, Italy, on August 16,
1972.
85. THE ACROPOLIS AT ATHENS
• The first half of the fifth century was basically one of constant conflict in Greece. Athens and
other cities were fighting the Persians most of the time, and between 462 and 451 BCE Sparta
and Athens were fighting each other as well. Following a truce with Sparta, Athens and Persia
concluded a peace treaty in 450, so that for the first time in many years there was peace in
Greece.
Parthenon, Athens, 447–432 BCE, view
from the northwest.
In 449 BCE, Perikles proposed a massive
building program on the Acropolis and
elsewhere in Athens, creating some of the key
monuments in the history of Greek art. To help
pay for this work, Perikles used revenue from
the silver mines and also appropriated funds
from the treasury of the Delian League, the
confederacy led by Athens to fight the
Persians, which had been moved from Delos to
Athens for safekeeping in 454.
86. o This appropriation was opposed without success by the allies of Athens, who had, in reality,
become tribute states of an Athenian empire.
o The Parthenon was designed by the architects Iktinos and Kallikrates between 447 and 438.
o The Parthenon is larger than the Temple of Zeus at Olympia and has eight columns across the
front and seventeen down the side. This larger size allowed the naos of the building to be just
over 100 Attic feet in length, a hekatompedon, which would hold a massive gold and ivory statue
made by Pheidias.
o The 8:17 colonnade ratio, like 6:13, follows a formula of x:2(x) + 1. Using 4 as “x” in the formula,
one gets a proportion of 4:9, the squares of 2:3, and the basic ratio for the entire Parthenon. For
example, this 4:9 proportion determines the width and length of the building (30.88:69.51 m). It
also determines the height of the colonnade and entablature to the width (13.73:30.88 m). The
diameter of the columns and the distance between the centers of the columns (1.91:4.29 m at
the center) also is a ratio of 4:9. This use of ratio created symmetria in the building, as it had in
the contemporary sculpture of the Doryphoros.
symmetria
regarding proportions in art, commensurability or the appropriate relationship among the parts.
87. o The drapery style of the
pediment figures, especially
Aphrodite, has the combination
of thick folds and smooth
surfaces clinging to the body that
we saw on the slightly later Nike
of Paionios, and this style is
prevalent in architectural
sculpture and relief for the
remainder of the century. The
most popular example is the
Temple of Athena Nike that was
set on a bastion next to the
Propylaia and built after it in the
420s.
Temple of Athena
Nike
88. o Ampharete sits on a chair as if in an
interior setting, holding an infant in
her hand. The drapery does clump and
pull tightly, but is not quite as
revealing as the Nike Temple figure
and the pose is quieter and more
contemplative, as would be
appropriate for commemorating the
deceased. Ampharete’s veil makes her
seem like a bride, making her an
idealized Athenian woman.
Ampharete
89. • PAINTING
• The elements of human representation that we found in
fifth-century sculpture, such as contrapposto,
rhythmos, pathos, and ethos, are also found in painting
of the fifth century.
• Skiagraphia- shading to create volume
• Skenographia- perspective
• It is during the fifth century that large-scale painting
became a prominent medium.
• Cicero as the first great painters in the history of Greek
art, whose figures were less “hard” than those of the
archaic period, and more closely represented reality.
• The contour of the figures is defined by a thick dark
line, helping the flesh color to stand out from the white
background, and the major anatomical features are also
defined by lines as they are in vase painting.
• The Tomb of the Diver is unique and likely shows a
pastiche of influences or sources.
90. o Turning the corner to the east pediment, its center once
showed the birth of Athena, but only the two wings are
left. On the right are three reclining goddesses, labeled
K, L, and M, probably Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite
respectively. On the left side is Artemis (G) moving
away from the center, Demeter (F) and Kore (E)
seated, and finally a reclining man labeled D.
Athena – goddess of wisdom and craft
o The composition is a dramatically staged metaphor,
with the reclining figures set in opposition to the center
of the composition.
o Athena brings order and balance, the Pythagorean
mean, to the citizens of her city below.
91. o The pedimental composition is like a play that
engages the audience can be seen by looking at the
replicated figure of Dionysos (or D) in the corner of
the pediment today
o Parthenon is a religious building and that some of the
most important Athenian rituals, including the
Panathenaia, took place on the Acropolis.
o In looking at the Parthenon, both up close and from
various sites in the city, one can see that the agenda
of Perikles was not just to beautify the city, but to
project an image of its power and prestige
o According to Thucydides, Perikles asked the citizens
of Athens to look upon their city, recently
transformed with new buildings, and by looking at it
become lovers of the city, willing to sacrifice their
lives on its behalf.