Beyond Metagenomics- Integration Of Complementary Approaches For The Study Of...guest5368597
Cubillos-Ruiz A, Junca H, Baena S, Venegas I, Zambrano MM. 2009. Beyond Metagenomics: Integration of complementary approaches for the study of microbial communities. In Metagenomics: Theory, Methods and Applications - Editor: Diana Marcos. Horizon Scientific Press. ISBN: 978-1-904455-54-7
A seminar report on the chemical frontiers of living matter seminar series - ...Glen Carter
This seminar report highlights a select few presentations of cutting-edge research being done in various labs across the Paris Science et Lettre (PSL) network.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biologiacl Researchers (2014).
Session: 3.1- Introduction to Metagenomics. Applications, Approaches and Tools.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
The Evolution of In Situ Genetic Technologyasclepiuspdfs
In situ genetic technology was historically developed and mainly focused on detection purpose, allowing specific nucleic acid sequences to be visualized in morphologically preserved tissue sections. With the synergy of genetics and immunohistochemistry, in situ detection can correlate microscopic topological information with gene activity at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels in specific tissues. Furthermore, its resolution allows spatial distribution of nucleic acid products to be revealed in a heterogeneous cell population. The newest member to the franchise of in situ genetic technology is a direct-on-specimen enrichment methodology specifically for cell-free DNA liquid biopsy. Contrary to in situ detection, this in-well in situ innovation tackles the very first sample preparation step to reduce material loss, thereby improving overall sensitivity. Genomic nucleic acids purified from specimens have been proven to be time consuming and suffered from damages and losses; the evolution of in situ genetic technology offers a powerful tool for precision functional genomics, enabling cross-check between in vitro and in vivo findings. It further opens the door to ultimate genetic engineering in situ.
Beyond Metagenomics- Integration Of Complementary Approaches For The Study Of...guest5368597
Cubillos-Ruiz A, Junca H, Baena S, Venegas I, Zambrano MM. 2009. Beyond Metagenomics: Integration of complementary approaches for the study of microbial communities. In Metagenomics: Theory, Methods and Applications - Editor: Diana Marcos. Horizon Scientific Press. ISBN: 978-1-904455-54-7
A seminar report on the chemical frontiers of living matter seminar series - ...Glen Carter
This seminar report highlights a select few presentations of cutting-edge research being done in various labs across the Paris Science et Lettre (PSL) network.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biologiacl Researchers (2014).
Session: 3.1- Introduction to Metagenomics. Applications, Approaches and Tools.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
The Evolution of In Situ Genetic Technologyasclepiuspdfs
In situ genetic technology was historically developed and mainly focused on detection purpose, allowing specific nucleic acid sequences to be visualized in morphologically preserved tissue sections. With the synergy of genetics and immunohistochemistry, in situ detection can correlate microscopic topological information with gene activity at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels in specific tissues. Furthermore, its resolution allows spatial distribution of nucleic acid products to be revealed in a heterogeneous cell population. The newest member to the franchise of in situ genetic technology is a direct-on-specimen enrichment methodology specifically for cell-free DNA liquid biopsy. Contrary to in situ detection, this in-well in situ innovation tackles the very first sample preparation step to reduce material loss, thereby improving overall sensitivity. Genomic nucleic acids purified from specimens have been proven to be time consuming and suffered from damages and losses; the evolution of in situ genetic technology offers a powerful tool for precision functional genomics, enabling cross-check between in vitro and in vivo findings. It further opens the door to ultimate genetic engineering in situ.
Potential application of nanoparticles in medicineBangaluru
Nanoparticle applications in management and control of serious diseases such as cancers are promising. Nanoparticles target
the drugs delivery system specifically to malignant cells. They are able to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier of the skin and thus have been used
widely as a treatment tool in skin cancer imaging, vaccine delivery via the skin, antimicrobials and wound healing. Recently, nanoparticles were used in
lung diseases through their ability to accumulation the drugs in the diseased lung areas by providing a local inhalation delivery of active components.
Leveraging nanotechnology and biology for medical diagnostics. Including novel techniques such as immuno-PCR and using phages as reporters, as well as using Izon's qNano to detect DNA hybridization and potential uses in point-of-care applications.
Introduction
Overview
Reductionist approach
Holistic approach
What is systems biology?
○ Advantages of Systems Biology
Tools of holistic approach
○ Proteomics, Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
Conclusion
References
3D culture in phenotypic screening : advantages, process changes and new tech...HCS Pharma
It was a real pleasure to be in the « High-Content and Phenotypic Screening » meeting in Cambridge. We were invited by our partner Molecular Devices to give a talk during the "User meeting Molecular Devices" about our vision of 3D culture in phenotypic screening and the impact of new technologies. We also presented a poster about "Neurotoxicity assay on 2D and 3D culture using High Content Screening technology".
James J. Collins
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Dept of Biomedical Engineering & Center of Synthetic Biology
Boston University
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
Harvard University
Protein microarray Preparation of protein microarray Different methods of arr...naveed ul mushtaq
Protein microarray
Preparation of protein microarray
Different methods of arraying the proteins.FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN MICROARRAYSAnalytical microarrays:-
3.REVERSE PHASE PROTEIN MICROARRAY APPLICATIONS:-
ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN MICROARRAY DATA USING DATA MININGijbbjournal
Latest progress in biology, medical science, bioinformatics, and biotechnology has become important and
tremendous amounts of biodata that demands in-depth analysis. On the other hand, recent progress in data
mining research has led to the development of numerous efficient and scalable methods for mining
interesting patterns in large databases. This paper bridge the two fields, data mining and bioinformatics
for successful mining of biological data. Microarrays constitute a new platform which allows the discovery
and characterization of proteins.
Potential application of nanoparticles in medicineBangaluru
Nanoparticle applications in management and control of serious diseases such as cancers are promising. Nanoparticles target
the drugs delivery system specifically to malignant cells. They are able to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier of the skin and thus have been used
widely as a treatment tool in skin cancer imaging, vaccine delivery via the skin, antimicrobials and wound healing. Recently, nanoparticles were used in
lung diseases through their ability to accumulation the drugs in the diseased lung areas by providing a local inhalation delivery of active components.
Leveraging nanotechnology and biology for medical diagnostics. Including novel techniques such as immuno-PCR and using phages as reporters, as well as using Izon's qNano to detect DNA hybridization and potential uses in point-of-care applications.
Introduction
Overview
Reductionist approach
Holistic approach
What is systems biology?
○ Advantages of Systems Biology
Tools of holistic approach
○ Proteomics, Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
Conclusion
References
3D culture in phenotypic screening : advantages, process changes and new tech...HCS Pharma
It was a real pleasure to be in the « High-Content and Phenotypic Screening » meeting in Cambridge. We were invited by our partner Molecular Devices to give a talk during the "User meeting Molecular Devices" about our vision of 3D culture in phenotypic screening and the impact of new technologies. We also presented a poster about "Neurotoxicity assay on 2D and 3D culture using High Content Screening technology".
James J. Collins
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Dept of Biomedical Engineering & Center of Synthetic Biology
Boston University
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
Harvard University
Protein microarray Preparation of protein microarray Different methods of arr...naveed ul mushtaq
Protein microarray
Preparation of protein microarray
Different methods of arraying the proteins.FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN MICROARRAYSAnalytical microarrays:-
3.REVERSE PHASE PROTEIN MICROARRAY APPLICATIONS:-
ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN MICROARRAY DATA USING DATA MININGijbbjournal
Latest progress in biology, medical science, bioinformatics, and biotechnology has become important and
tremendous amounts of biodata that demands in-depth analysis. On the other hand, recent progress in data
mining research has led to the development of numerous efficient and scalable methods for mining
interesting patterns in large databases. This paper bridge the two fields, data mining and bioinformatics
for successful mining of biological data. Microarrays constitute a new platform which allows the discovery
and characterization of proteins.
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret the biological data.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
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erpublication.org,
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Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
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Applications of bioinformatics, main by kk sahuKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Goals of Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics & Human Genome
Project
What can we do using bioinformatics ?
Applications of bioinformatics in various fields
1) Medicine
2) Evolutionary studies
3) Agriculture
4) Microbiology
5) Biotechnology
Conclusion
References
introduction,history scope and applications of
relation to other fields , bioinformatics,biological databases,computers internet,sequence development, and
introduction to sequence development and alignment
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
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Gdt 2-126
1. Editorial
Global Drugs and Therapeutics
Volume 2(4): 1-4Glob Drugs Therap, 2017 doi: 10.15761/GDT.1000126
ISSN: 2399-9098
Vision for life sciences: interfaces between nanoelectronic
and biological systems
Madkour LH*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Baljarashi, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence to: Loutfy H. Madkour, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Baljarashi, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: loutfy_
madkour@yahoo.com
Received: February 07, 2017; Accepted: March 09, 2017; Published: March 11,
2017
Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology (the
engineering of tiny machines) to the prevention and treatment of
disease in the human body. Nanomaterials can impart antibacterial
and anti-odour functionality on human skin in powder, gel, stick or
spray underarm products. It has also antimicrobial and anti-irritant
properties. This discipline is in its infancy. It has the potential to change
medical science dramatically in the 21st century.
Molecular biomimetics: Nanotechnology through
biology
Molecular biomimetics. This is the marriage of materials science
engineering and molecular biology for development of functional
hybrid systems, composed of inorganics and inorganic-binding
proteins. The new approach takes advantage of DNA-based design,
recognition,and self-assembly characteristics of biomolecules.
Traditional materials science engineering produces materials
(for example, mediumcarbon steels depicted in the bright- and dark-
field TEM images), that have been successfully used over the last
century. Molecular biology focuses on structure– function relations in
biomacromolecules, for example, proteins.
In molecular biomimetics, a marriage of the physical and biological
fields, hybrid materials could potentially be assembled from the
molecular level using the recognition properties of proteins under the
premise that inorganic surface-specific polypeptides could be used as
binding agents to control the organization and specific functions of
materials.Molecular biomimetics simultaneously offers three solutions
to the development of heterofunctional nanostructures.
(1) The first is that protein templates are designed at the molecular
level through
genetics. This ensures complete control over the molecular
structure of the protein template (that is, DNA-based technology).
(2) The second is that surface-specific proteins can be used as
linkers to bind synthetic entities, including nanoparticles, functional
polymers,orothernanostructuresontomoleculartemplates(molecular
and nanoscale recognition).
(3) The third solution harnesses the ability of biological molecules
to self- and coassemble into ordered nanostructures. This ensures a
robust assembly process for achieving complex nano-, and possibly
hierarchical structures, similar to those found in nature (self-assembly).
The current knowledge of protein-folding predictions and surface-
binding chemistries does not provide sufficiently detailed information
to perform rational design of proteins. To circumvent this problem,
massive libraries of randomly generated peptides can be screened
for binding activity to inorganic surfaces using phage and cell-
surface display techniques. It may ultimately be possible to construct
a‘molecular erector’ set, in which different types of proteins, each
designed to bind to a specific inorganic surface, could assemble into
intricate, hybrid structures composed of inorganics and proteins. This
would be a significant leap towards realizing molecularly designed,
genetically engineered technological materials.
Selection of inorganic-binding proteins through display
technologies
There are several possible ways of obtaining polypeptide sequences
with specific affinity to inorganics. A number of proteins may
fortuitously bind to inorganics, although they are rarely tested for
this purpose. Inorganic-binding peptides may be designed using a
theoretical molecular approach similar to that used for pharmaceutical
drugs. This is currently impractical because it is time consuming and
expensive. Another possibility would be to extract biomineralizing
proteins from hard tissues followed by their isolation, purification and
cloning. Several such proteins have been used as nucleators, growth
modifiers, or enzymes in the synthesis of certain inorganics. One of
the major limitations of this approach is that a given hard tissue
usually contains many proteins, not just one, all differently active in
biomineralization and each distributed spatially and temporally in
complex ways.Furthermore, tissue-extracted proteins may only be
used for the regeneration of the inorganics that they are originally
associated with, and would be of limited practical use. The preferred
route, therefore, is to use combinatorial biology techniques. Here,
a large random library of peptides with the same number of amino
acids, but of different sequences, is used to mine specific sequences that
strongly bind to a chosen inorganic surface.
Since their inception, well-established in vivo combinatorial
biology protocols (for example, phage display (PD) and cell-surface
display (CSD)) have been used to identify biological ligands and to map
the epitope (molecular recognition site) of antibodies. Libraries have
also been screened for various biological activities, such as catalytic
properties or altered affinity and specificity to target molecules in many
applications including the design of new drugs, enzymes, antibodies,
DNA-binding proteins and diagnostic agents. The power of display
technologies relies on the fact that an a priori knowledge of the desired
2. Madkour LH (2017) Vision for life sciences: interfaces between nanoelectronic and biological systems
Glob Drugs Therap, 2017 doi: 10.15761/GDT.1000126 Volume 2(4): 2-4
cycles of the phages or the cells eliminate non-binders by disrupting
weak interactions with the substrate (step 5). Bound phages or cells
are next eluted from the surfaces (step 6). In PD, the eluted phages are
amplified by reinfecting the host (step 7). Similarly, in CSD, cells are
allowed to grow (steps 7, 8). This step completes a round of biopanning.
Generally, three to five cycles of biopanning are repeated to enrich for
tight binders. Finally, individual clones are sequenced (step 9) to obtain
the amino acid sequence of the polypeptides binding to the target
substrate material.
(1) A Bio-Nanowire Device Interface (Figure 2)
Because the sizes of biological macromolecules are comparable
to nanowire building blocks, these structures represent natural
transducers for ultra-sensitive detection.
(2) Nanowire Nanosensors: Beginning (Figure 3): Cui, Wei,
Park & Lieber: Science 293, 1289 (2001)
(3) Multiplexed Cancer Marker Detection (Figure 4): Zheng,
Patolsky & Lieber, Nat. Biotech. 23, 1294 (2005).
amino acid sequence is not necessary, as it can simply be selected and
enriched if a large enough population of random sequences is available.
In vitro methods, such as ribosomal and messenger RNA display
technologies, have been developed for increased library size (1015
)
compared to those of in vivo systems (107–10
).
Combinatorial biology protocols can be followed in molecular
biomimetics to select polypeptide sequences that preferentially bind to
the surfaces of inorganic compounds chosen for their unique physical
properties in nano- and biotechnology. Libraries are generated by
inserting randomized oligonucleotides within certain genes encoded
on phage genomes or on bacterial plasmids (step 1 in Figure 1).
This leads to the incorporation of a random polypeptide sequence
within a protein residing on the surface of the organism (for example,
the coat protein of a phage or an outer membrane or flagellar
protein of a cell; step 2). The eventual result is that each phage or cell
produces and displays a different, but random peptide (step 3). At
this stage, a heterogeneous mixture of recombinant cells or phages
are contactedwith the inorganic substrate (step 4). Several washing
Figure 1. Phage display and cell-surface display. Principles of the protocols used for selecting polypeptide sequences that have binding affinity to given inorganic substrates. [Sarikaya, C.
Tamerler, A.K.Y. Jen, K. Schulten F. Baneyx, Molecular biomimetics: nanotechnology through biology, Nature Materials, vol 2, 2003, p.p. 577-585].
Figure 2. A Bio-Nanowire Device Interface.
3. Madkour LH (2017) Vision for life sciences: interfaces between nanoelectronic and biological systems
Glob Drugs Therap, 2017 doi: 10.15761/GDT.1000126 Volume 2(4): 3-4
Figure 3. Nanowire Nanosensors: Beginning.
Figure 4. Multiplexed Cancer Marker Detection.
(4) Undiluted Blood Serum Analysis (Figure 5): Serum
samples are characterized after single step ‘desalting’purification. (1)
Buffer; (2) Donkey Serum (DS), 59 mg/ml total protein; (3) DS + 2.5 pM
PSA; (4) DS + 25 pM PSA (1) DS + 0.9 pg/ml; (2) DS. Marker proteins
are detected selectively in presence of ca. 100-billion-fold excess of
serum proteins.
(5) Nanoelectronic-Cell Interfaces (Figure 6):
Nanowire nanoelectronic devices can enable:
- Interface to cells at natural scale of biological communication
- Input/output of electrical signals
- Input/output of chemical/biological signals
Conclusions
Nanoelectronic-Biological Interfaces Enable:
- Diagnostic devices for disease detection
- General detection & kinetics platform
- New tool for single-molecule detection/biophysic
- Powerful devices for electronic and chem/bio recording from
cells, tissue & organs
- Potential implants for highly functional & powerful
prosthetics, as well as hybrid biomaterials enabling new opportunities
Evaluating Research Motivation: Progress?
- Synthetic challenge of controlling structure and composition
on many length scales
- Fundamental scientific questions in 1-dimensional systems
- Central importance of nanoscale wires in integrated
nanosystems