“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering for women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.A VERY SERIOUS ISSUE IN TODAYs LIFE.
Domestic Violence: A Cross-sectional StudySHUBHAM SINGH
Presentation on 'Domestic Violence: A Cross-sectional study in the rural area of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India" at Sardar Patel University of Police, Security & Criminal Justice, Jodhpur.
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering for women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.A VERY SERIOUS ISSUE IN TODAYs LIFE.
Domestic Violence: A Cross-sectional StudySHUBHAM SINGH
Presentation on 'Domestic Violence: A Cross-sectional study in the rural area of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India" at Sardar Patel University of Police, Security & Criminal Justice, Jodhpur.
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
Eliminating Violence Against Women. Forms, Strategies and ToolsDaniel Dufourt
Workshop
Eliminating Violence Against Women: Forms, Strategies and Tools
On the occasion of the Seventeenth Session of the United Nations Commission On Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Vienna, 14 April 2008, 104 pages
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
Eliminating Violence Against Women. Forms, Strategies and ToolsDaniel Dufourt
Workshop
Eliminating Violence Against Women: Forms, Strategies and Tools
On the occasion of the Seventeenth Session of the United Nations Commission On Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Vienna, 14 April 2008, 104 pages
العناية بالطفل هي عملية شاملة تهدف إلى تلبية احتياجات الطفل الجسدية والعاطفية والاجتماعية والعقلية. إن العناية الجيدة بالطفل تلعب دورًا حاسمًا في تطويره ونموه الصحيح وسعادته العامة. فيما يلي وصف طويل لبعض جوانب العناية بالطفل:
1. الرعاية الجسدية:
- التغذية: يجب توفير تغذية صحية للطفل، سواء من خلال الرضاعة الطبيعية أو الرضاعة الصناعية. ينصح بالرضاعة الطبيعية حديث الولادة، ويجب تقديم الأطعمة الصلبة المناسبة حسب العمر عندما يكون الطفل جاهزًا لها.
- النوم: يحتاج الطفل إلى نوم كافٍ لتطوير جهازه العصبي واستعادة طاقته. ينصح بتوفير بيئة هادئة ومريحة للنوم وتحديد جدول زمني منتظم للنوم.
- النظافة: يتطلب الطفل النظافة اليومية، بما في ذلك الاستحمام المنتظم وتنظيف الأذنين والأنف والأظافر بلطف. كما يجب تجنب التعرض المفرط للمواد الكيميائية المهيجة لبشرته.
2. العناية العاطفية:
- التواصل والتفاعل: يجب توفير بيئة داعمة وحنونة للطفل، والتفاعل المستمر معه من خلال الابتسامات والعناق واللمس اللطيف. يعزز هذا الاتصال العاطفي الرابطة بين الطفل والوالدين أو المربين.
- اللعب: يعتبر اللعب وسيلة مهمة لتعزيز تطور الطفل العقلي والجسدي. يجب توفير اللعب المناسب لعمره والاشتراك معه في الأنشطة الترالعناية الاجتماعية:
التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
العناية العقلية:
التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
القراءة والقصص: يعد القراءة للطفل من أهم الأنشطة التي تساهم في تطوير الذكاء والخيال والمهارات اللغوية. ينبغي قراءة القصص المناسبة لعمره والتفاعل معه خلال القراءة.
التعليم المبكر: يمكن بدء تعليم الطفل المبكر عن طريق تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعليمية ملائمة لعمره، مما يساعده على تطوير المهارات الأساسية مثل العد وال
3. العناية الاجتماعية:
- التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
- تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
- السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
4. العناية العقلية:
- التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
- القراءة والقصص: يعد ا
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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1. B Y M I C H A E L G A I TH O
GBV
PERSPECTIVE FOR HEALTH
WORKERS……..MIKE
(0722685594)
2. By the time this slide
is finished, one
person will be raped
within this part of the
world
3. BACKGROUND
GBV is one of the most widespread human rights
abuses in the world today
GBV is devastating, affecting women and girls’ long-
term physical and mental well-being
The ripple effects of GBV compromise the well-being
of families, communities and societies
A strategy to address the problem is needed decision-
makers and communities
4. RESPONSE TO GBV
• Over the last decade, GBV has been widely recognized
as a public health and human rights problem
• Several conventions and declarations have established
international/governmental commitment to addressing
and eliminating GBV
• KWCWC has played a pivotal role in these
developments within the county
• Our primary emphasis has been on the involvement,
not only of the community duty bearers, but of women
themselves, their families (men) and communities
5. SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
• It is a wide spread international human rights and public
health issue.
• Millions of girls and women suffer from violence and its
consequences because of their sex and their unequal
status in society.
• While men are also victims of violence, violence against
women is characterized by its high prevalence in the
family
• 49% of women reported as having experienced violence
since age 15(KDHS,2003)
• 83% of women and girls reported one or more episodes
of physical violence in childhood; 46% reported one or
more episodes of sexual abuse in childhood
(UNAIDS,2006)
• 25% of 12-24 year olds lost their virginity by force
(UNAIDS,2006)
6. DEFINITION
• It is harm that is perpetrated to a person against his
/her will
• It has negative impact on the physical,
psychological development or health of the
person,
• It refers to violence that targets individuals or
groups on the basis of their gender, this includes
acts that inflict physical, mental, or sexual harm.
• Women and girls are more vulnerable compared to
their male counterparts
7. RESPONSE TO GBV
VAW is “…any act of gender based violence that
results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual
or psychological harm or suffering to women…”
SOCIETY COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP
INDIVIDUAL
PERPETRATOR
- Being male
- Witnessing marital violence as a
child
- Absent or rejecting father
- Being abused as a child
- Alcohol use
- Marital conflict
- Male control of wealth and
decision-making in the family
- Poverty, low socioeconomic status,
unemployment
- Associating with delinquent peers
- Isolation of women and family
- Norms granting men control over female
behaviour
- Acceptance of violence as a way to
resolve conflict
- Notion of masculinity linked to
dominance, honour or aggression
- Rigid gender roles
ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
8. GBV HAS SEVERE HEALTH IMPACTS
• Violence during Pregnancy
• Intimate partner violence prevalence of 4-15%
during pregnancy
• Leading cause of death among pregnant women
may be homicide
• Violence and HIV/AIDS
• Forced sex is correlated to HIV risk
• Victims of violence tend to engage in behaviors
that put their health at risk
• Proposing condom use may increase women’s risk
of violence
• Disclosing HIV status may increase risk of violence
9. SOCIAL COSTS OF GBV
• Reflected in economic and health costs
• Effects on school attendance and
performance
• Decline in health status and quality of life
• Intergenerational effects of violence
• Reduced civic/community participation
• Culture of violence
10. SOCIAL COSTS OF GBV
• Reflected in economic and health costs
• Effects on school attendance and
performance
• Decline in health status and quality of life
• Intergenerational effects of violence
• Reduced civic/community participation
• Culture of violence
• Psychological trauma ….etc
11. CONSEQUENCES OF GBV
Non fatal outcomes
• Physical health outcomes
• Injuries from lacerations and fractures
• Unwanted pregnancies
• Gynecological problems
• STD’s including HIV
• Miscarriage
• Pelvic inflammatory diseases
• Headaches
• Permanent disabilities
• Asthma
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Self injurious behaviors (smoking, unprotected sex)
12. MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
• Depression
• Fear
• Anxiety
• Low self esteem
• Sexual dysfunction
• Eating problems
• OCD
• PTSD
14. CORE CONCEPTS OF GBV
• GENDER AND SEX
• HUMAN RIGHTS
• CONSENT
• VIOLENCE
• USE OF FORCE
• COERCION
• ABUSE
• POWER
• HARM
15. GENDER VS. SEX
• SOCIAL
• UN-NATURAL
• ACQUIRED
• CULTURE SPECIFIC
• CHANGEABLE
• BIOLOGICAL
• NATURAL
• INBORN
• UNIVERSAL
• UNCHANGEABLE
(Roles)
16. HUMAN RIGHTS
• Right to life
• Freedom from
discrimination
• Freedom from torture,
cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment
• Right to property
• Right to health-including
reproductive health and
emergency health
treatment
• Right to education
• Right not to be forced into
any cultural rites or
practices
• Right to equality in
marriage
• Equal access to justice
17. GBV CAUSES
• Gender inequality
• Attitudes of disrespect- especially towards
women and girls
• Assumptions about behaviour of men and
women
• Desire for power and control
• Politics- a weapon of ethnic cleansing
• Traditional tensions
• Religious beliefs
• Alcohol and drug abuse
• Lack of a capable legal system- Impunity
18. TRIGERS
• Idling
• Personal frustrations
• Peer pressure
• Drug abuse /alcoholism
• Criminal scenes and environments.
19. GBV AS A HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION:
What Perception does GBV then entail:
All acts related to GBV are regarded as inhuman , cruel and
degrading on ones integrity and dignity.
Once the act occurs a persons reputation is lost, negating the
aspect of respecting laid out values, Morals and norms of
society.
What are Some of the causes of GBV:
Poverty : its played a central role in frustrating and
necessitating violence.
Drugs: Harmful drugs that are abused
Culture: negative traditional practices : retrogressive in nature
Illiteracy : lack of knowledge and advantage taken over on
this
In Adequate protective mechanisms etc
20. MAIN ACTORS IN GBV
• GBV networks
• Community – CBO’s, Youth, FBO’s etc
• Law enforcers.
• Civil Society Organizations.
• Local administration.
• HCP’s and medical institutions.
• CHEW’s, PHO’s, CWH’s
• Community leaders
• Opinion Leaders
21. GAPS AND CHALLENGES
• Access challenges especially for services e.g. legal,
police and medical services.
• System friendliness and attitudes of the public.
• System insufficiency in terms of delivery of services
timely. Longevity of cases.
• Lack of information dissemination.
• Short cuts to dues process.
• Few post SGBV options.
• Lower levels of reporting.
• Withdrawal of cases.
• Poor follow up of cases
• Judiciary lenience's
22. REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING
• Stigma
• Powerlessness
• Traumatic sexualization
• Not wanting to relive the event
• Fear of conflict
• Social embarrassment
• ‘Compensation’ from perpetrator
• Threats from the perpetrator
23. FORMS OF GBV
• Sexual Violence
• Physical Violence
• Emotional and Psychological Violence
• Harmful Traditional Practices and
• Socio-Economic Violence.
24. SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Rape and Marital Rape: (kubaka)
• The invasion of any part of the body of the
victim or of the perpetrator with a sexual
organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the
victim with any object or any other part of the
body by force, coercion, taking advantage of
a coercive environment, or against a person
incapable of giving genuine consent (Sexual
Offences Act, 2006)
Defilement and Incest: (kunajisi)
• Any act where a child is used for sexual
gratification. Any sexual relations or interaction
with a child. In the Children Act, a child is
defined as any person under the age of 18
years.
25. CONTD…
• Sexual Exploitation:
Any abuse of a position of vulnerability,
differential power, or trust for sexual
purposes.
• Gang Rape: raped by more than one person
• Attempted Rape : Attempted
forced/coerced intercourse where there is
no penetration.
27. .
Sexual Abuse/harassment:
• Actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual
nature, including inappropriate touching, by force
or under unequal or coercive conditions
31. PHYSICAL VIOLENCE
Physical Assault:
• Beating, punching, kicking, biting,
burning, maiming or killing, with or without
weapons; often in combinations with
other forms of sexual and gender-based
violence.
41. EMOTIONAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Abuse/Humiliation: Non-sexual verbal abuse
that is insulting, degrading, demeaning;
compelling the victim/survivor to engage in
humiliating acts, whether in public or private;
denying basic expenses for family survival.
• Confinement: Isolating a person from
friends/family, restricting movements,
deprivation of liberty or obstruction/restriction
of the right to free movement.
42.
43. HARMFUL PRACTICES.
• Female Genital Mutilation (FGM):
Kupasha tohara kwa wasichana
ukeketaji
• Cutting of genital organs for non-medical
reasons, usually done at a young age
47. OTHERS
• EARLY MARRIAGES – ndoa za mapema
• WIFE INHERITANCE – kurithi wanawake wajane
• INFANTICIDE/NEGLECT – kuua mtoto mchanga
• DENIAL OF EDUCATION – kutompeleka mtoto shule
• CHILD TRAFFICKING – uuzaji wa watoto /biashara
haramu ya kuuza watoto
52. Kenya has various laws and policies on gender-
based violence, including;
1. Inheritance rights policies,
2. Marriage and divorce laws,
3. Domestic and sexual violence laws,
4. Laws around cultural practices such as female
genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage.
5. Registry for sexual offenders – recent
development, 24TH April 2012 (TFSOA)
SOA –
The aim of the Sexual Offences Act is to explain
sexual offences and make ways to prevent and
protect all persons from illegal sexual acts.
53. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
• The Constitution of Kenya
• Children’s Act No.8 of 2001
• Sexual Offences Act 2006
54. • RAPE
• ATTEMPTED RAPE
• GANG RAPE
• SEXUAL ASSAULT
• INDECENT ACTS
• CHILD TRAFFIKING
• INCEST
• SEXUAL HARRASMENT
• 10 years or life
• 5 years or life
• 15 years or life
• 10 years or life
• Child- 10yrs, adult – 5
yrs, 50K or both
• 10 years , 2M for a
company
• 10 years or life
• 3 years, 100K or Both
FORMS PENALTY
55. • TRANSMITTING HIV
DELIBERATELY
• DEFILEMENT
• 11years and below
• 12-15 years
• 16-18 years
• 15 years or life
• Life imprisonment
• 20 years in jail
• 15 years in jail
FORMS PENALTY
56. FALSE ALLEGATIONS
• Any person who makes false allegations
against another person to the effect that the
person has committed an offence under this
Act is guilty of an offence and shall be liable to
punishment equal to that for the offence
complained of.
PERSONS WITH DISABILITY
• Committing rape, defilement, or any indecent
act within the view of a family member, a child
or a person with mental disabilities is an
offence that attracts a penalty of not less than
10 years imprisonment.
57. REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING
• Stigma
• Powerlessness
• Traumatic sexualisation
• Not wanting to relive the event
• Fear of conflict
• Social embarrassment
• ‘Compensation’ from perpetrator
• Threats from the perpetrator
58. REPORTING GUIDELINES
• All acts of violence should be reported
• Records should be accurately recorded, according
to the victim’s words
• Once reported,
• Perpetrator should be tried in court and
convicted according to the law.
• Perpetrator and survivor should be educated
and counseled.
• Victim should be provided with support from
the community, the law, the family.
59. WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED
• Victim’s statement
• Any Eyewitnesses?
• Relatives, friends and neighbours
• Hospital and medical reports
• Police reports (OB, P3, Statement)
• Evidence that has been preserved, weapon, clothing,
photographs of injuries, used condom.
60. JUSTICE
• Fight for justice
• A large percentage of the healing comes from
gaining justice for what happened.
• Helps the survivor know the violence is being
addressed when the case it is moving along.
There's a process for action and their ordeal has
not been ignored.
• Being actively involved in what is going on
keeps them occupied and they use their time
constructively.
61. WHAT VICTIMS NEED
• Create Social network
• Have sustainable Social support
• Psychological support from a professional
• Justice for violence meted against them
• Safe shelter pending justice
62. REFERRALS /NETWORKING
• Child abuse 116
• Sexual and physical violence 1195
• MSF 0711 400 506 , GVRC
• KWCWC – see our brochures
• WRAP – women rights awareness program:
0722 252 939
• Nearest Chiefs office’s
• CPU – Children’s protection unit