Nursing student

1. SOCIAL ISSUES
- MR PRAKASH S

2. INTRODU
CTION

3. COMMON SOCIAL ISSUES
• According to UNICEF, 22,000 children
die each day due to poverty.
• Around 27-28 percent of all children in
developing countries are estimated to
be underweight or stunted.
• Nearly a billion people entered the 21st
century unable to read a book or sign
their names.

4. Cont …
• Infectious diseases continue to
blight the lives of the poor across the
world.
–Some 1.1 billion people in developing
countries have inadequate access to
water, and 2.6 billion lack basic
sanitation.
• 1.6 billion people — a quarter of
humanity — live without electricity.

6. Major social issues
Child abuse
Women abuse
Elderly abuse
Female foeticide
Women empowerment
Commercial sex workers
Food adulteration
Crime
Substance abuse

7. Women
Abuse

8. DEFINITION
Women abuse is defined as
“any act of gender-based violence
that results in, or is likely to result in,
physical, sexual or psychological
harm or suffering to a woman,
whether occurring in public or
private life”.
(Cited by Gomez, 1996)

9. Forms of women abuse
 Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence in the Marital
Relationship
Dowry Harassment and Bride
Burning
 Sexual Harassment at Work
 Sale of Wife
 Eve Teasing

13. CHILD
ABUSE

15. Definition:
Child abuse can
be defined as “a
variety of abnormal
behaviors directed
against children,
which can take
many forms”

16. Statistics of child abuse
1.Two out of every three children
were physically abused.
2.Out of 69% children physically
abused 54.68% were boys.
3.Out of those children physically
abused in family situations, 88.6%
were physically abused by parents.

17. Predisposing factors to child abuse
• The abused childhood
• Family stress
• The abuser’s substance abuse
• Social forces
• The child

18. Forms of child abuse
• Child sexual abuse
• Pedophilia
• Physical abuse
• Child neglect
• Emotional neglect

19. Prevention of child
abuse:
• The education to kids
• Psychiatric help to the
abuser.
• Reporting of child sexual
abuse.
• Parental education.

20. Elderly
Abuse

22. Definition:
“A non-accidental act or
omission ,which undermines the
life, the physical and psychological
integrity of an older person or
harms the development of his/her
personality or damage his/her
financial security”

23. Types of elderly abuse
• Financial abuse
• Emotional abuse
• Physical abuse
• Neglect and indifference

24. Solution for the problem of elderly
abuse
• Social support.
• Care givers, social workers and
volunteers need to reach out to old
people who are neglected/abused.
• Counseling should be given to
family members.
• Counseling to elderly.

25. Female
Foeticide

27. Female foeticide:
Girls are considered as burden in some
families even in this technological era. They
prefer male children to female children.
The united Nation says an estimated 2,000
unborn girls are aborted every day in India.
The government has enacted the pre-natal
diagnostic techniques act in 1994 ,the situation
far from improving ,further worsened.
It is ironic to see that maximum sex-selective
abortions are performed by lady doctors.

28. Commercial
sex workers

29. Definition:
“Prostitution is defined as an
act of engaging in sexual
activity in exchange for money
or goods.”
ELLIOT &MERRILL

30. Causes of Prostitution
• Poverty
• Broken homes
• Mental illness
• Uneducated
women
• Widows and
divorcees
• Prestigious life
• Over sexual
desires
• Indebtedness
• False hope of
marriage
• Influence of peer
group

31. Types of Prostitution:
• Street Prostitution
• Escort or out-call Prostitution
• Sex tourism
• Ritualized Prostitution

32. Prevention & Control
of Prostitution
• Sex education
• Change of rigid social customs
• Job opportunities
• Social education &propaganda
• Adequate legislation
• Rehabilitation

34. Women
empowerment
Empowerment is a multi-faceted ,
multi-dimensional and multi-
layered concept.
Women’s empowerment is a
process in which women gain
greater share of control over
resources in the home, community,
society and nation to gain power.

35. Definition
“Empowerment
means moving from a
position of enforced
powerlessness to one of
power”

36. Problems faced by
women
Educational problems
Occupational problems
Health problems
Early marriage
Female feticide
Dowry system
Transportation problems

40. Indicators of Women
Empowerment
1. Increase in self-esteem.
2. Increase in knowledge and awareness.
3. Increase in personal leisure time.
4.Change in roles and responsibility in
family & community.
5. Visible decrease in violence on women
and girls.
6. Increase in bargaining and negotiating
power .

41. Measures to Improve
Women Empowerment
• Education
• Political Participation
• Decision-Making
• Self Help Groups
• Violence Control Measures
• Ownership of Land
• State Initiatives
• Central initiatives

42. Food
Adulteration

43. Definition:
“Food adulteration is the
process of addition of an
impure, cheap or unnecessary
ingredient to cheat with,
cheapen or falsify a
preparation.”

44. Food adulterant:
Any material
which is or could be
employed for the
purposes of
adulteration is
known as
adulterant.

46. Concept of adulteration
• If the article sold is not of the nature, substance or
quality demanded by the purchaser.
• If any inferior or cheaper substances has been
substituted.
• If any constituent of the article has been extracted.
• If the article has been prepared, packed or kept
under unsanitary conditions.
• If the article is obtained from a diseased animal.
• If the article contain any prohibited preservative.
• If the quality of the article falls below the prescribed
standards.

47. Crime

49. Definition :
“Crime is an
antisocial behavior
that has violated
public sentiments
certain extent and
forbidden by status”
Barnes
Crime

50. Factors contributing to
crime:
• Physical factors
• Physiological factors
• Hereditary factors
• Social factors
• Political factors
• Environmental factors
• Familial factors

51. PREVENTIVE &CONTROL
MEASURES
• IMPRISONMENT
• PROBATION
• PAROLE
• REFORMATORY HOMES &
SCHOOLS

52. SUBSTANC
E ABUSE

54. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Using of substances for pleasure is
increasing day by day in the modern
society, as a mark of fashion.
The chronic usage of addictive
substances creates chronic physical
and psychological problems among
individuals and also has an impact on
society.

55. Definition
“Substance abuse
can be defined as
using a drug in a way
that it is inconsistent
with medical or social
norms and despite
negative
consequences.”
W.H.O

56. Causes of Substance
abuse:
• Biological causes
• Psychological causes
• Social causes.

57. Biological causes
Family history of Substance abuse
Personality disorders
Co-morbid medical disorders
Re-enforcing effects of drugs
Withdrawal effects and craving
Biochemical factors.

58. Psychological
causes
• Curiosity
• Poor impulse control
• Low self esteem
• Poor stress management skills
• Childhood trauma
• Psychological distress
• Reaction to neglect

59. Social causes
• Peer group pressure
• Modeling
• Easy availability of alcohol and
drugs
• Familial conflicts
• Religious reasons
• Unemployment
• Poor social support

60. Commonly used
substances:
• Alcohol
• Opioids
• Cannabinoids
• Cocaine
• Amphetamine
• Hallucinogens
• Barbiturates
• Inhalants
• Nicotine
• Other stimulants

61. Control of Substance abuse:
Primary prevention:
Provision of happy and healthy family life
Establishment of healthy parent-child
relationship
Provision of love and care to the children
Show interest towards the child’s activities
Offer counseling to the teenagers
Reduce the availability of drugs
Legislation

62. Secondary prevention:
• Closely monitor the changes in the
behavior of an individual.
• Early detection and treatment of
addicts.
• Establishment of de-addiction centers,
after care centers and day care centers.
• Proper treatment and specific therapies
should be given to prevent
complication of disease.

63. Tertiary prevention
• Provision of treatment in the state
of severe dependence.
• Provision of rehabilitation
measures for the drug addicts.
• Involvement of family in the
restorative and rehabilitative
activities.
• Involvement of social agencies for
the rehabilitation.