The document provides information about the human digestive system and common digestive disorders. It describes the path that food takes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and out the anus. It then discusses specific organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It further summarizes common digestive issues like acid peptic disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colitis and diverticulitis and provides dietary recommendations for managing each condition.

1. DIGESTIVE DISORDERS YOGA FOR ACID PEPTIC DISEASE IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

4. PATH OF FOOD – MOUTH TO ANUS Path of food through the human digestive system includes the following organs and structures : Mouth – pharynx – esophagus – peristalsis – mucus – sphincter muscles – cardiac sphincter – stomach – pyloric sphincter – small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) – ileocecal valve – large intestine or colon (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon) – rectum – anus.

5. STOMACH The stomach is a J-shaped muscular organ that receives and mixes food with digestive juices, and propels food to the small intestine. Stomach stores 2½ pints (1.5 liters) or more of food from a meal and digests it both physically and chemically. Small intestine continues the chemical breakdown and is the main site for absorbing the resulting nutrients into the bloodstream.

7. LIVER The reddish-brown liver, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity, is the body’s largest internal organ. * Each lobe is separated into hepatic lobules consisting of hepatic cells radiating from a central vein. * Hepatic sinusoids separate groups of hepatic cells. * Blood from the hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients to the liver. * Kupffer cells carry on phagocytosis in the liver. * Secretions from hepatic cells are collected in bile canals that converge to become hepatic ducts and finally form the common hepatic duct.

14. GALLBLADDER Bile salts emulsify fats and aid in the absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and certain vitamins.

16. PANCREAS The pancreas has an exocrine function of producing pancreatic juice that aids digestion. It is closely associated with the small intestine. Cells that produce pancreatic juice, called pancreatic acinar cells, make up the bulk of the pancreas. Pancreatic and bile ducts join and empty into the small intestine, which is surrounded by the hepatopancreatic sphincter.

17. PANCREATIC JUICE Contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. Enzymes include pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and two nucleases. Protein-digesting enzymes are released in an inactive form and are activated upon reaching the small intestine.

18. SPLEEN Located in the upper left quadrant. Consists of white pulp (lymphoid tissue) and red pulp. Filters and stores blood.

19. SMALL INTESTINE The lengthy small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas and liver, completes digestion of the nutrients in chyme, absorbs the products of digestion, and transports the remaining residues to the large intestine. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

22. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and forms and stores feces. The large intestine consists of the cecum (pouch at the beginning of the large intestine), colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid regions), the rectum, and the anal canal. The anal canal opens to the outside as the anus; it is guarded by an involuntary internal anal sphincter and a voluntary external anal sphincter muscle.

23. The large intestinal wall has the same four layers found in other areas of the alimentary canal, but lacks many of the features of the small intestinal mucosa. Fibers of longitudinal muscle are arranged in teniae coli that extend the entire length of the colon, creating a series of pouches (haustra). The large intestine does not digest or absorb nutrients, but it does secrete mucus. The large intestine absorbs electrolytes and water.

24. The movements of the large intestine are similar to those of the small intestine. Peristaltic waves happen only two or three times during the day. Defecation is stimulated by a defecation reflex that forces feces into the rectum where they can be expelled.

28. ACID PEPTIC DISEASE

30. PEPTIC ULCER OR ACID PEPTIC DISEASE INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH DUE TO ACID PEPTIC DIGESTION

32. DIGESTED BY PEPSIN ENZYME PROTEIN DIGESTION PROTEIN IN FOOD IN CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM

38. STRESS PARA SYMPATHETIC ACID BL. FLOW POOR MUCUS SLOW REPAIR EMOTIONAL CORTEX HYPOTHALAMUS GASTRIN ACID SYMPATHETIC

39. IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

43. IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME OR FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDER DEFINITION : -- IRREGULAR BOWEL MOTILITY AND PROPULSION ERROR

44. CONTROL OF BOWEL MOTILITY PSYCHE

45. EMPTYING NERVE CONTRACTS - COLON RELAXES - SPHINCTER SYMPATHETIC PARA SYMPATHETIC HOLDING NERVE CONTRACTS - SPHINCTER RELAXES - COLON

47. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISORDER ULCERATIVE COLITIS DEFINITION : EPISODES OF DIARRHOEA WITH BLOOD & MUCUS

48. PSYCHO NEURO IMMUNOLOGY STRESS & AUTO IMMUNITY THYMUS B T CAUSES AUTO IMMUNITY

51. Ánandamaya Kôùa Vijòanánmaya Kôùa PERFECT HEALTH Manômaya Kôùa Annamaya Kôùa Pránamaya Kôùa ÁDHIJA VYÁDHIS Panchakosa concept

54. MANOMAYA KOSA STAGE – I OF APD & IBS AS ADHIJA VYADHI DHARANA to DHYANA FOCUS to DEFOCUS NAVAL to EXPANSION EMOTIONS - JEALOUSY to ACCEPTANCE & APPRECIATION

56. REDUCES STRESS DEVOTION - BHAKTI - SURRENDER MANOMAYA KOSA cont. JOY OF BEING IN THE PRESENCE OF THE BELOVED

57. EMOTIONS NONCOMPLAINING TOLERANCE ACCEPTANCE SURRENDER

60. Cigarette smoking contributes to a remarkable number of diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, peptic ulcer disease, and many types of cancer.

61. General discomfort aches and pains STAGE - II OF APD / IBS AS ADHIJA VYADHI  PRANA SAMANA APANA PRANIC IMBALANCE APD - ATIJERNATVAM TOO MUCH OF PRANA FOCUSSED IN SAMANA IBS - KUJÈRNATVAM TOO MUCH OF PRANA FOCUSSED IN APANA

62. PRANA SAMANA APANA PRANAMAYA KOSA PRANIC IMBALANCE PRANAYAMA SECTIONAL BREATHING STABILIZES SAMANA NS- 12 ROUNDS 4 TIMES A DAY

64. VAMANA DHOUTI UDDIYANA BANDHA NAULI KRIYA AGNISARA KRIYA ANNAMAYA KOSA cont. KRIYAS IN APD

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