Onel Badro - Thesis Poster

1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369018740
Production of Acetone by Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol Poster
Poster · May 2022
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27058.07368
CITATIONS
0
READS
36
1 author:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Anodic Protection View project
Onel Badro - LPG View project
Onel Israel Badro
Salahaddin University - Erbil
6 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Onel Israel Badro on 05 March 2023.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2. Production of Acetone by Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol
Salahaddin University-College of Engineering
Chemical – Petrochemical Engineering Department
Acetone is used as a polar, aprotic solvent in a variety of organic reactions. One
important property for which it is used as laboratory solvent is because does not
form an azeotrope with water. Acetone is also used in various medical and cosmetic
applications. It also forms an important component in food additives and food
packaging. So, the main purpose of this project was production of acetone by
Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol. This Project includes some properties,
manufacturing process, and methods for production. In the manufacturing process,
feed drum, vaporizer, heater, reactor, furnace, cooler, condenser, flash unit, scrubber,
acetone and IPA columns are used. Keeping these points in mind, we work & we are
feeling great to present our work on “Production of Acetone from Isopropyl Alcohol
by Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol”.
The objective of this project is to design plant to produce acetone from Isopropyl
Alcohol, with the rate of 200 tons per year. This process is chosen because of the
importance of acetone in daily life applications. This project is divided in different
chapters. First of all, the introduction of acetone is given, with its importance. Next
are detailed description of the production process. Afterwards material and energy
balance is presented. In preceding chapter’s introduction to different equipment’s of
the plant along with their designing procedure and specification sheets is presented.
Instrumentation & control, as well as equipment design, economy of the project,
safety and plant layout.
Abstract
Acetone is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. Acetone consists of
three carbon, six hydrogens and one oxygen atom. Acetone comes under the
categories of ketones, which are organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded
to two hydrocarbon groups. Acetone is a manufactured chemical produced by
industries that is also found naturally in the environment. It is also called dimethyl
ketone, 2-propanone, and beta-ketopropane. Acetone is the simplest and most
important of the ketones. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, somewhat
aromatic odor, melting at -95.4 °C and boiling at 56.53 °C. It has a specific gravity
of 0.819 (at 0 °C).and is miscible with water in all proportion and most organic
solvents. People begin to smell acetone in air at 100 to 140 parts of acetone in a
million parts of air (ppm), though some can smell it at much lower levels. Most
people begin to detect the presence of acetone in water at 20 ppm. Acetone
evaporates readily into the air and mixes well with water.
Acetone occurs naturally in plants, trees, forest fires, vehicle exhaust and as a
breakdown product of animal fat metabolism. Acetone is a general building block in
organic chemistry. In the human body, it is normally present in very small quantities
in urine and blood; larger amounts may be found in the urine and blood of diabetics.
Acetone is toxic in high doses. There are a number of uses for acetone, including in
chemicals, solvents and nail polish remover. The most common use of acetone is to
formulate other chemicals. Beyond chemicals and solvents, other uses for acetone
exist in the production of cosmetics and household and personal care products.
Acetone is classified as a low-toxicity VOC. It easily evaporates in the air, dissolves
in water and is highly flammable. Acetone is an excellent solvent for a wide range
of gums, waxes, resins, fats, greases, oils, dyestuffs, and cellulosic. Acetone is a
common solvent, first discovered by alchemists during the Middle Ages. 1833-1836
its molecular structure was determined by French chemist (Jean Baptiste Dumas)
and German chemist (Justus von Liebig), who determined acetone chemical
formula. Production of acetone by dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol began in
the early 1920s and remained the dominant production method through the 1960s.
In the mid-1960s virtually all United State's acetone was produced from propylene.
Introduction
Material balance and Energy balance calculation results
Results
The following conclusion can be deduced from this project:
1-Study in deep the material and energy balance to the new capacity of production
of Acetone.
2-We did design for some important equipment’s to be useful in the real
establishment of the plant of manufacturing the Acetone in the future.
3-Review all important study subjects like mass and heat transfer, thermodynamics,
fluid mechanics, organics, reactor design and petrochemical process units.
4-We applying the engineering economy theory for getting the real estimation of
this chemical plant.
5-Investigation all methods for manufacturing the Acetone depend on the raw
materials.
Conclusion
Methodology
2021-2022 Prepared by: Onel Israel Badro
Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Hazim Aljewaree
References
1. Kirk R. E., Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Volume 1, 4th
Edition (2001).
2. R. K. Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4st ed (2005).
3. M. Gopala Pao and Marshall Sitting, Outline of Chemical Technology, third
edition (2005).
4. Dietrich von Engelhardt, Diabetes Its Medical and Cultural History, (1989).
5. Carl L. Yaws, Handbook of Antoine Coefficients for Vapor Pressure (2015).
6. D. Q. Kern, Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill Book, 1st ed. (1965).
7. R. K. Sinnott, Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering: Chemical
Engineering Design (volume 6), Butterworth-Heinemann, 3rd ed. (1999).
8. (J.F. Richardson, Particle Technology and Separation; Vol 2, 5th edition (2002),
9. Jsbir S. Arora, Introduction to Optimum Design, Third Edition (2012),
Unit Inlet
(kgmol/hr)
Outlet
(kgmol/hr)
Reactor 149.75 241.75
Phase
Separator
241.75 241.647
Scrubber 716.7 716.7
Acetone
Column
749.126 749.115
IPA Column 656.3 656.219
Feed Drum 149.75 149.75
Table 5: Material balance calculations
Unit Q (kw)
Heat Exchanger 1787.34
Preheater 779.64
Reactor 166.69
Cooler -566.27
Condenser 917.47
Acetone
Column
8156.92
IPA Column 7286.21
Table 6: Energy balance calculations
Economy and Safety
Total purchase cost of major equipment items
Acetone column $40,000
Heat Exchanger $80,000
Total $120,000
Total purchase cost of major equipment is
$120,000 (2004)
Total Cost of 2022 by using PEI $176,400
Total Cost of 2022 by using CPEI $174,000
Average = $175,200
Figure 2: NFPAAcetone Hazards
Figure 3: GHS Acetone labels
Equipment Design
Heat Exchanger Design
Figure 1: Production of Acetone by Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol
B1
Area 132.4 m2
No. Tubes 227
Re 9987.48
Velocity 0.89 m/s
Area. Shell 0.062 m2
Area. Tube 0.14 m2
No. Baffles 19
TFR Reactor Design
B1
CAₒ 0.023 m3/s
-rA 4.67×10-4
V. Reactor 13.2 m3
V. Catalyst 6.15 m3
No. Tubes 324
H. Reactor 5 m
D. Reactor 1.8 m
Thickness 45 mm
Distillation Column Design
B2
No. Trays 24
Velocity 0.447 m/s
Tray spacing 0.49 m
Area. Column 7.76 m2
D. Column 3.14 m2
Area. Hole 0.544 m2
No. Hole 6926
H. Column 11.6 m
B1
Pin 1.1 bar
Pout 2 bar
Efficiency 65 %
Power 23.69 watt
HT 11.46 m
NPSHR 2.18 m
NPSHA 7.87 m
Pump Design
Table 1: Heat Exchanger design Table 2: Reactor design Table 3: Distillation Column design Table 4: Pump design
View publication stats