• Medical gas supply system in hospitals and
other healthcare facilities are utilized to supply
specialized gases and gas mixtures to various
parts of the facility .
Supply of Medical Gases:
• From:
• Cylinders (Manifold)
• PIPED gas system
• Medical gases commonly
used:
• Oxygen
• Nitrous oxide
• Air
• Nitrogen
• Carbon Dioxide
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Medical gas Cylinder
1. Medical Gases
Mr. Harshad Khade
MSc. Medical Technology (OTA)
Symbiosis International university, Pune.
2. • Medical gas supply system in hospitals and
other healthcare facilities are utilized to supply
specialized gases and gas mixtures to various
parts of the facility .
3. Medical Gas Cylinders
• Supply of Medical Gases:
• From:
• Cylinders (Manifold)
• PIPED gas system
• Medical gases commonly
used:
• Oxygen
• Nitrous oxide
• Air
• Nitrogen
• Carbon Dioxide
4. Cylinder
• A gas cylinder or tank is a pressure vessel used to store gases at
high pressure. Gases stored this way are called bottled gases.
• Components:
• Made of Molybdenum steel in which gases and vapours are
stored under pressure, e.g.13700 kPa for oxygen and 4400 kPa
for Nitrous oxide.
• Shape & colour of plastic disc around the neck of cylinder
indicates the year of last examination.
5. Medical Gas Cylinders
Cylinder Size D AF E F G J
Approx dimension(mm) 490 x 102 760 x 173 830 x 102 890 x 140 1290 x
178
1600 x
230
Approx Weight Empty
(kg)
3.8 11.4 6.6 13 30.6 68.7
Valve Type Pin-Index Bullnose Pin-Index Bullnose Bullnose Pin-Index
Gaseous Litres 0.34
(340)
1.36
(1360)
0.68 (680) 1.36 (1360) 3.4 (3400) 10.6
(10600)
6.
7. Components
• They are manufactured in different sizes (A to J).
• Size E cylinders are used on the antiesthetic machine.
• Oxygen cylinders contain gas.
• Nitrous oxide cylinders contain a mixture of liquid and
vapour. 75% liquid N2O
• Light weight for homes & Transportation made of
aluminum alloy.
9. Marks Engraved On Cylinders
1. Test pressure
2. Dates of tests performed
3. Chemical Formulas of the cylinder’s content
4. Tare weight ( weight of Nitrous oxide cylinder when
empty)
10. Labelling
• Name, chemical symbol,
pharmaceutical form, specification of
the product and its License number.
• Hazard warnings and safety
instructions.
• Cylinder size code
11. Labelling
• Normal cylinder contents (Liters)
• Maximum cylinder pressure (Bars)
• Shelf life and expiry date
• Directions for Use
• Storage and handling precautions
12. Storage
• Purpose built, dry, well-ventilated and fire proof room, preferably inside and
not subjected to extremes of heat.
• Not be stored near flammables
• Not be exposed to dampness, corrosive chemicals or fumes. Leads to
corrosion of cylinders and valves
• To avoid accidents, full cylinders should be stored separately from empty
ones
• F, G and J size cylinders are stored upright to avoid damage to the valves.
• C, D and E size cylinders can be stored horizontally on shelves.
• Overpressurized cylinders are hazardous and should be reported to
manufacturer.
13. Safety Features
• The Gases and vapors should be free of water vapors when
stored in cylinders.
• Water vapor freezes and blocks the exit port when the
temperature of the cylinder decreases on the opening.
14. Pin-index
• The outlet valve uses the pin-index system to
make it almost impossible to connect a cylinder
to the wrong yoke.
• The identifying code consists of a specific
combination of two holes in the face of the valve
into which connecting pins for a particular type
of gas must fit in perfect alignment. For example,
the index hole position for a cylinder of oxygen
is 2-5, for nitrous oxide it is 3-5, and so on.
20. Body Colour Shoulder Colour Pressure, kPa
(room T)
Oxygen Black White 13700
Nitrous oxide Blue Blue 4400
Carbon dioxide Grey Grey 5000
Air Grey White/ Black quarters 13700
Entonox Blue White/ Blue quarters 13700
Oxygen/ helium Black White/ Brown
quarters
13700
21.
22. Cylinder Valves
• Introduction:
• Cylinder Valves seal the cylinder contents.
• The chemical formula of the particular gas is engraved on the
valve.
• They are mounted on the neck of cylinder.
• They act as an on/off device for the discharge of cylinder
contents.
• A pin-index system prevents cylinder identification errors.
23. • A Bodock sealing washer must be
placed between the valve and the
yoke of the anesthetic machine.
• A newly designed valve allows
keyless manual turning on and off.
25. Piped Gas System
• Introduction:
• Piped gas supply ( piped Medical Gas and Vacuum PMGV)
• PMGV system delivers gases from central supply points to different
sites in a hospital at a pressure of about 400 kPa.
• Special outlet valves supply the various needs throughout the hospital.
• Oxygen, nitrous oxide, Entonox, compressed air and medical vacuum
are commonly supplied through the pipeline system.
26.
27. Components
• Central supply points
• Cylinder banks.
• Liquid oxygen storage tank.
• Pipework made of special high quality copper with bacteriostatic
properties.
• Outlets identified by gas color coding, gas name and shape.
• Matching quick connect/ disconnect probes
• Network of pipelines throughout a hospital from central supply
• Outlets are color- and shape-coded
• Flexible and color-coded pipelines runs from the anesthetic machine
to outlets
28.
29. Safety Features
• Reserve bank of cylinders
• Low pressure alarms
• Single hose test, cross-connection
• Tug test, miss-connection
• Regular PGMV installation, repair and modification
30. Sources Of Gas Supply
•Cylinder Manifold
•Liquid oxygen storage tank
•Oxygen concentrator
32. Components
• Large cylinders (e.g. Size J) are divided into 2 groups,
primary & secondary.
• The 2 groups alternate in supplying the pipelines.
• All cylinders in each group are connected through non
return valves to a common pipe.
• In turn connected to pipeline.
33.
34. Mechanism Of Action
• In either group all cylinder valves are open to allow
simultaneously empting.
• The supply is automatically changed to the secondary group
when the primary group is nearly empty.
• This changeover is achieved by a pressure sensitive device.
• Alarm is activated to alert staff
35. Safety Features
• Manifold should be housed in a well – ventilated room built
of fire proof material away from the main hospital building.
• Manifold room should not be used as a general cylinder
store.
• Empty cylinders should be immediately removed from the
manifold room.
36.
37. Liquid Oxygen
• Vacuum-insulated evaporator.
• Components:
• Thermally insulated vessel where vacuum is used as insulation
• Pressure regulator allows gas to enter pipelines & maintain
pressure of 400 kPa.
• Safety valve opens at 1700 kPa
• Control valve opens for excessive demand.
38. • Outer carbon steel shell and an inner stainless steel shell, with a vacuum
insulation in between and kept cold (between -160°C to - 180°C as the
critical temperature of oxygen is - 118°C).
40. Entonox
• Compressed gas mixture of 50% oxygen & 50% nitrous oxide by
volume.
• Used in casualty & labour wards for analgesia.
• A two-stage pressure demand regulator is attached to the
entonox cylinder.
• Entonox is administered by inhalation from a cylinder at a
pressure of 137 bar (in the UK) or from a pipeline supply.
41. Compressed Air
• Medical air is supplied in hospitals for clinical uses or to
drive power tools.
• 400 kPa
• 700 kPa
• Can be supplied by cylinder manifolds or by compressor