1. The galvanometer is a device used to measure small electric currents, invented in 1820 based on Oersted's discovery that electric currents create magnetic fields.
2. Early galvanometers used a moving magnet, while most modern ones use a moving coil or mirror attached to a coil that moves when a current passes through it.
3. William Thomson improved the mirror galvanometer in 1858, making it highly sensitive enough to detect small currents through transatlantic cables.
Types of radiation
Radiology effects
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PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND GROUNDING Part 1Dr. Rohit Babu
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Generation of overvoltages in power systems
Protection against lightning overvoltages
Valve type and zinc oxide lightning arresters
Insulation coordination
BIL
Impulse ratio
Standard impulse test wave
Volt-time characteristics
Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems
Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance
Methods of neutral grounding
Solid
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Arcing grounds and grounding Practices
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject Measurement and Instrumentation and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;) .
Types of radiation
Radiology effects
Radiology fundamental
Mechanism of atomic movement
X-ray
Motion and energy movement
Radiation Properties
Formation of x-ray
Parts of x-ray machine
Power source of x-ray machine
PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND GROUNDING Part 1Dr. Rohit Babu
ย
Generation of overvoltages in power systems
Protection against lightning overvoltages
Valve type and zinc oxide lightning arresters
Insulation coordination
BIL
Impulse ratio
Standard impulse test wave
Volt-time characteristics
Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems
Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance
Methods of neutral grounding
Solid
Resistance
Reactance
Arcing grounds and grounding Practices
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject Measurement and Instrumentation and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;) .
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Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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In the European Union (EU), two significant regulations have been introduced to enhance the safety and effectiveness of medical devices โ the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) and the Medical Device Regulation (MDR).
https://mavenprofserv.com/comparison-and-highlighting-of-the-key-differences-between-the-mdr-and-ivdr-in-the-eu/
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Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.๐คฏ
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience ๐ฅ
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales ๐ฒ
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. ๐
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throughย Full Sail University. Below, youโll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
โญ ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฃ๐๐๐ญ๐ฌ:
โข 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
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โขCHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
โข WOW K-Music Festival 2023
โข Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
โข Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
โข HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
โข Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
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โข Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ, ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฒ. ๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ญ ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฌ."
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
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This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
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This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
1. Galvanometer<br />The galvanometer, a device used to measure extremely small electrical currents, traces its origin back to 1820. In that year Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) discovered that an electric current flowing in a wire created a magnetic field around it, deflecting a magnetized needle. This effect became the basic principle behind the galvanometer. In the same year Andrรฉ Ampรจre (1775-1836) used the effect to invent a device to measure electric current. He suggested it be called the galvanometer, in honor of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798), a pioneer in the investigation of electricity.<br />The first practical use of the galvanometer was made by Karl Friedrich Gauss in 1832. Gauss built a telegraph that sent signals by deflecting a magnetic needle. This style is known as a moving-magnet galvanometer. More commonly used today is the moving-coil or moving-mirror galvanometer, sometimes called a D'Arsonval galvanometer.<br />The invention of the moving-coil galvanometer is credited to Johann Schweigger in 1825, three years later Italian physicist C. L. Nobilli designed an astatic type. It consists of a coil that has been wound with very fine wire mounted between the poles of a permanent magnet. Attached to the coil is a pointer. When electric current is turned on, the coil turns and the deflection angle is measured as the pointer moves along a graduated scale.<br />In the case of a moving-mirror galvanometer, a mirror is attached to the coil, and illuminated with light. When the coil moves the deflection of the light is measured along a scale. The mirror galvanometer was of major use in laying the transatlantic telegraph cable between the United States and Europe in 1866. William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin, used it to keep track of how much electric current was coursing through the cable. Thomson also invented a quot;
siphon recorder,quot;
which was a more sensitive galvanometer. Ink was siphoned through a thin glass tube that was attached to the coil of wire which was mounted between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. The moving tube carried the ink onto a paper tape where it traced a line.<br />Galvanometers come in a variety of types. Ultraviolet recorders use light-sensitive paper and ultraviolet light in place of ink. A photoelectric galvanometer amplifies the signal using a photocell. The ballistic galvanometer is used to measure an electric pulse or burst. A cousin of the galvanometer is the direct current ammeter, which is a calibrated galvanometer that measures larger currents. Another cousin still is the direct-current voltmeter, which uses Ohm's Law to measure voltage. Digital display galvanometers, the best of which can measure a current as small as one hundredth billionth (10-11) of an amp, have almost entirely replaced the early analog galvanometers of yore. <br />Mirror galvanometer<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />A mirror galvanometer<br />A mirror galvanometer is a mechanical meter that senses electric current, except that instead of moving a needle, it moves a mirror. The mirror reflects a beam of light, which projects onto a meter, and acts as a long, weightless, massless pointer. In 1826, Johann Christian Poggendorff developed the mirror galvanometer for detecting electric currents. The apparatus is also known as a spot galvanometer after the spot of light produced in some models.<br />Mirror galvanometers were used extensively in scientific instruments before reliable, stable electronic amplifiers were available. The most common uses were as recording equipment for seismometers and submarine cables used for telegraphy.<br />In modern times, high-speed mirror galvanometers are employed in laser light shows to move the laser beams and produce colorful geometric patterns in fog around the audience.<br />High speed mirror galvanometers have proved to be indispensable in industry for Laser engraving systems for everything from laser scribing hand tools, containers, and parts to batch-coding Semiconductor wafers in Semiconductor device fabrication. They typically control X and Y directions on Nd:YAG and CO2 laser markers to control the position of the infrared power laser spot. Laser cutting, Laser ablation, Laser beam machining and Wafer dicing are all industrial areas where high-speed mirror galvanometers can be found. Closer to home, mirror galvanometers are located in most retail outlets, warehouses, and parcel delivery service providers, in the form of Barcode readers for Universal Product Codes and other forms of Barcodes.<br />Kelvin's galvanometer<br />Thomson mirror galvanometer of tripod type, from around 1900.<br />Galvanometer by H.W. Sullivan, London. Late 19th or early 20th century. This galvanometer was used at the transatlantic cable station, Halifax, NS, Canada.<br />The mirror galvanometer was later improved by William Thomson, later to become Lord Kelvin. He would patent the device in 1858.<br />Thomson reacted to the need for an instrument that could indicate with sensibility all the variations of the current in a long cable. This instrument was far more sensitive than any which preceded it, enabling the detection of the slightest defect in the core of a cable during its manufacture and submersion. Moreover, it proved the best apparatus for receiving messages through a long cable.<br />The following is adapted from a contemporary account[1] of Thomson's instrument:<br />โThe mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart of that coil, within a little air-chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss silk, with four tiny magnets cemented to its back. A beam of light is thrown from a lamp upon the mirror, and reflected by it upon a white screen or scale a few feet distant, where it forms a bright spot of light. When there is no current on the instrument, the spot of light remains stationary at the zero position on the screen; but the instant a current traverses the long wire of the coil, the suspended magnets twist themselves horizontally out of their former position, the mirror is of course inclined with them, and the beam of light is deflected along the screen to one side or the other, according to the nature of the current. If a positive electric current gives a deflection to the right of zero, a negative current will give a deflection to the left of zero, and vice versa. The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed at will, so as to act like a cushion, and deaden the movements of the mirror. The needle is thus prevented from idly swinging about at each deflection, and the separate signals are rendered abrupt. At a receiving station the current coming in from the cable has simply to be passed through the coil before it is sent into the ground, and the wandering light spot on the screen faithfully represents all its variations to the clerk, who, looking on, interprets these, and cries out the message word by word. The small weight of the mirror and magnets which form the moving part of this instrument, and the range to which the minute motions of the mirror can be magnified on the screen by the reflected beam of light, which acts as a long impalpable hand or pointer, render the mirror galvanometer marvellously sensitive to the current, especially when compared with other forms of receiving instruments. Messages could be sent from the UK to the USA through one Atlantic cable and back again through another, and there received on the mirror galvanometer, the electric current used being that from a toy battery made out of a lady's silver thimble, a grain of zinc, and a drop of acidulated water.The practical advantage of this extreme delicacy is that the signal waves of the current may follow each other so closely as almost entirely to coalesce, leaving only a very slight rise and fall of their crests, like ripples on the surface of a flowing stream, and yet the light spot will respond to each. The main flow of the current will of course shift the zero of the spot, but over and above this change of place the spot will follow the momentary fluctuations of the current which form the individual signals of the message. What with this shifting of the zero and the very slight rise and fall in the current produced by rapid signalling, the ordinary land line instruments are quite unserviceable for work upon long cables.โ<br />Moving coil galvanometer was developed independently by Marcel Deprez and Jacques-Arsรจne d'Arsonval about 1880. Deprez's galvanometer was developed for high currents, while D'Arsonval designed his to measure weak currents. Unlike in the Kelvin's galvanometer, in this type of galvanometer the magnet is stationary and the coil is suspended in the magnet gap. The mirror attached to the coil frame rotates together with it. This form of instrument can be more sensitive and accurate and it replaced the Kelvin's galvanometer in most applications. The moving coil galvanometer is practically immune to ambient magnetic fields. Another important feature is self-damping generated by the electro-magnetic forces due to the currents induced in the coil by its movements the magnetic field. These are proportional to the angular velocity of the coil.<br />