The document analyzes flexible working patterns in Europe based on data from 2004 and 2008-2009 surveys. It finds that flexible working can take different forms and is used differently depending on company and employee characteristics like sector, size, and employee demographics. It identifies four categories of flexibility and finds each is associated with specific company and personnel profiles. Country economic and legal factors also influence flexibility.

1. Flexible Working Patterns in Greece and Europe Eleanna Galanaki Athens University of Economics and Business, Dpt of Marketing and Communication

3. Weekend work Shift work Overtime Annual Hours Contract Part Time Work Job Sharing Flexi-Time Temporary/Casual Work Fixed-Term Contracts Teleworking Compressed Working Week United Kingdom 65% 71% 92% 26% 97% 55% 48% 86% 75% 20% 29% France 55% 78% 82% 70% 95% 7% 29% 90% 90% 5% 11% Germany 79% 74% 55% 30% 98% 40% 90% 64% 97% 44% 28% Sweden 65% 74% 99% 46% 99% 34% 94% 94% 98% 44% 20% Spain 56% 86% 80% 34% 75% 18% 46% 85% 72% 12% 8% Denmark 54% 58% 92% 33% 96% 15% 78% 85% 57% 39% 34% The Netherlands 40% 48% 62% 27% 99% 47% 50% 92% 71% 41% 39% Italy 19% 65% 71% 7% 86% 2% 11% 44% 92% 20% 7% Norway 84% 61% 98% 42% 95% 42% 92% 82% 89% 60% 26% Switzerland 60% 51% 72% 44% 95% 38% 69% 40% 77% 33% 21% Finland 66% 72% 95% 35% 96% 37% 83% 72% 95% 30% 15% Greece 68% 85% 89% 9% 48% 7% 43% 51% 79% 9% 2% Czech Republic 62% 85% 94% 37% 79% 13% 78% 73% 85% 23% 18% Austria 69% 69% 93% 29% 99% 27% 88% 43% 76% 30% 37% Belgium 60% 74% 84% 14% 98% 26% 60% 71% 85% 24% 15% Bulgaria 40% 81% 60% 40% 45% 32% 31% 54% 70% 4% 16% Hungary 59% 68% 86% 14% 71% 17% 51% 41% 76% 14% 5% Cyprus 74% 65% 88% 15% 55% 25% 49% 77% 57% 4% 5% Iceland 83% 80% 99% 48% 98% 53% 82% 64% 86% 48% 21% Estonia 67% 73% 80% 8% 69% 29% 50% 66% 87% 26% 9% Slovenia 80% 83% 91% 27% 65% 31% 59% 47% 98% 11% 13% Slovakia 60% 67% 87% 66% 12% 60% 60% 55% 7% 45% 0% TOTAL 62 % 71 % 8 4 % 32 % 81 % 3 0 % 6 1 % 67 % 7 8 % 27 % 17 %

5. Weekend work Shift work Overtime Annual Hours Contract Part Time Work Job Sharing Flexi-Time Temporary/ Casual Work Fixed-Term Contracts Home-based work Tele-working Compressed Working Week Austria 80% 66% 98% 27% 97% 36% 90% 49% 79% 14% 39% 40% Cyprus 67% 62% 88% 33% 44% 16% 49% 56% 64% 9% 4% 5% Czech Republic 57% 90% 98% 12% 82% 5% 77% 53% 80% 11% 17% 100% Denmark 49% 48% 92% 47% 98% 15% 81% 88% 57% 22% 70% 36% Finalnd 79% 80% 97% 40% 99% 38% 92% 70% 97% 36% 39% 20% Germany 83% 67% 59% 39% 98% 37% 94% 76% 93% 39% 52% 31% Greece 66% 75% 80% 10% 44% 10% 33% 38% 66% 5% 10% 5% Hungary 75% 55% 85% 21% 62% 27% 72% 33% 68% 17% 22% 6% Lithuania 68% 67% 64% 8% 85% 35% 48% 51% 81% 8% 14% 53% Slovajia 72% 65% 83% 45% 65% 22% 46% 51% 63% 18% 20% 8% Sweden 73% 72% 98% 47% 95% 27% 92% 93% 98% 31% 32% 18% United Kingdom 55% 58% 76% 32% 90% 49% 55% 72% 77% 38% 29% 30% Iceland 51% 62% 71% 58% 89% 30% 85% 63% 55% 9% 61% 23% Switzerland 77% 62% 96% 52% 98% 58% 78% 46% 92% 28% 25% 28% AVERAGE 68% 65% 83% 33% 76% 29% 66% 60% 73% 19% 29% 23%

6. Groups of Flexible Working Patterns Rotated Component Matrix a "Traditional" Flexible Working Patterns Working from distance or distributing the time worked Temporary or Fixed - term Less total time worked weekly S hift work 0,73 -,234 ,148 ,121 O vertime 0,69 ,336 -,110 -,140 W eekend work 0,66 -,200 ,192 ,265 T ele-working -,070 0,74 -,102 ,020 F lexi-time -,202 0,58 ,270 ,064 H omebased work -,019 0,53 ,040 ,128 Annual hours contract ,212 0,43 ,236 -,018 Fixed-term contracts ,019 ,013 0,74 ,025 T emporary/casual ,321 ,167 0,6 -,012 J ob sharing ,056 -,038 ,133 0,72 Compressed working week ,167 ,222 -,251 0,63 Part-time work -,083 ,211 ,465 0,49 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.

7. Flexible Working Patterns in Europe Across time

8. Flexible working practices in Greece, 2009

13. Economic Sector (Difference across sectors at the 0.00 level)

14. Country (Difference across countries at the 0.00 level)