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PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY
ELEMENTS OF A STORY
MELC: Analyze literature as a mirror to a
shared heritage of people with diverse
backgrounds (No Code)
WHAT IS
LITERATURE?
It refers to a body of written works such as
poetry, novels, history, biography, and
essays that reflect the background of a
certain culture.
It is derived from the Latin word
litaritura/litteratura which means
“writing formed with letters”.
There are several ways that literature is classified.
The most basic types of literature are
FICTION and NON-FICTION.
It is a type of literature that is a
product of a writer’s imagination.
It can be inspired by actual or
completely made-up events.
It is a type of literature that is
based on facts. It is a writing about
real people, places, and events.
STORY ELEMENTS
⮚ Setting
⮚ Characters
⮚ Plot
⮚ Conflict
⮚ Point of View
⮚ Theme
SETTING
is the “where and when” of a
story. It is the time and place
during which the story takes
place.
Setting
Details that describe:
✔ Furniture
✔ Scenery
✔ Customs
✔ Transportation
✔ Clothing
✔ Dialects
✔ Weather
✔ Time of day
✔ Time of year
Time and place are where
the action occurs
CHARACTERS
are the person,
animals, and things
participating or
moving in a story.
CHARACTERS
• Protagonist and antagonist are used to
describe characters.
• The protagonist is the main character of the story,
the one with whom the reader identifies. This
person is not necessary “good”.
• The antagonist is the force in opposition of the
protagonist; this person may not be “bad” or
“evil”, but he/she opposes the protagonist in a
significant way
PLOT (DEFINITION)
is the literary element
that describes the
structure of a story. It
shows arrangement of
events and actions
within a story.
Plot Diagram (Parts)
2
1
3
4
5
1.EXPOSITION
This usually occurs at the beginning of a short
story. Here the characters are introduced. We
also learn about the setting of the story. Most
importantly, we are introduced to the main
conflict (main problem).
2. RISING ACTION
This part of the story begins to develop the
conflict(s). A building of interest or suspense occurs
and leads to the climax. Complications arise
3. CLIMAX
This is the turning point of the story. Ussually the
main character comes face to face with a conflict.
The main character will change in some way. This is
the most intense moment.
4. FALLING ACTION
Action that
follows the
climax and
ultimately leads
to the resolution
5. RESOLUTION
The conclusion; all loose
ends are tied up.
Either the character
defeats the problem, learns
to live with the problem, or
the problem defeats the
character.
PUTTING IT ALL
TOGETHER
1. Exposition
2. Rising Action
3. Climax
4. Falling Action
5. Resolution
Beginning of
Story
Middle of Story
End of Story
CONFLICT
Conflict is the dramatic struggle
between two forces in a story. Without
conflict, there is no plot.
CONFLICT
⮚ Conflict is a problem that must be solved; an
issue between the protagonist and antagonist
forces. It forms the basis of the plot.
⮚ Conflicts can be external or internal
✔ External conflict - outside force may be
person, group, animal, nature, or a
nonhuman obstacle
✔ Internal conflict - takes place in a
character’s mind
TYPES OF
EXTERNAL CONFLICT
Character vs Nature
Character vs Society
Character vs Character
Character vs Fate
TYPE OF INTERNAL
CONFLICT
Character vs. Self
POINT OF VIEW
• First Person Point of View - a character
from the story is telling the story; uses the
pronouns “I” and “me”
Example: I walked away quickly, mortified that
everyone would see my tears.
• Third Person Point of View - an outside
narrator is telling the story; uses the pronouns
“he”, “she”, “they”
TYPES OF THIRD-PERSON
POINT OF VIEW
Third-Person
Limited
The narrator knows
the thoughts and
feelings on only ONE
character in a story.
Third-Person
Omniscient
The narrator knows
the thoughts and
feeling of ALL the
characters in a story.
EXAMPLE OF THIRD-PERSON
LIMITED POINT OF VIEW
There was something in Peter’s
eyes when he was in his mad mood, and
whenever Ender saw that look, that
glint, he knew that the one thing Peter
would not do was leave him alone.
EXAMPLE OF THIRD-PERSON
OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW
He had no way of knowing that things
were about to get much worse.
Waiting for her around the corner
was the killer, looking for his tenth victim.
THEME
⮚The theme is the central, general
message, the main idea, the controlling
topic about life or people the author wants
to get across through a literary work
⮚To discover the theme of a story, think big.
What big message is the author trying to say
about the world in which we live?
⮚What is this story telling me about how life
works, or how people behave?
The Theme is also …
The practical lesson (moral) that we learn
from a story after we read it. The lesson that
teaches us what to do or how to behave after
you have learned something from a story or
something that has happened to you.
Example: The lesson or teaching of the story
is to be careful when you’re offered
something for nothing.

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G8_Q3_W4-Story-Elements.pdf English grade 8

  • 1.
  • 3. ELEMENTS OF A STORY MELC: Analyze literature as a mirror to a shared heritage of people with diverse backgrounds (No Code)
  • 4. WHAT IS LITERATURE? It refers to a body of written works such as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays that reflect the background of a certain culture. It is derived from the Latin word litaritura/litteratura which means “writing formed with letters”.
  • 5. There are several ways that literature is classified. The most basic types of literature are FICTION and NON-FICTION. It is a type of literature that is a product of a writer’s imagination. It can be inspired by actual or completely made-up events. It is a type of literature that is based on facts. It is a writing about real people, places, and events.
  • 6. STORY ELEMENTS ⮚ Setting ⮚ Characters ⮚ Plot ⮚ Conflict ⮚ Point of View ⮚ Theme
  • 7. SETTING is the “where and when” of a story. It is the time and place during which the story takes place.
  • 8. Setting Details that describe: ✔ Furniture ✔ Scenery ✔ Customs ✔ Transportation ✔ Clothing ✔ Dialects ✔ Weather ✔ Time of day ✔ Time of year Time and place are where the action occurs
  • 9. CHARACTERS are the person, animals, and things participating or moving in a story.
  • 10. CHARACTERS • Protagonist and antagonist are used to describe characters. • The protagonist is the main character of the story, the one with whom the reader identifies. This person is not necessary “good”. • The antagonist is the force in opposition of the protagonist; this person may not be “bad” or “evil”, but he/she opposes the protagonist in a significant way
  • 11. PLOT (DEFINITION) is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows arrangement of events and actions within a story.
  • 13. 1.EXPOSITION This usually occurs at the beginning of a short story. Here the characters are introduced. We also learn about the setting of the story. Most importantly, we are introduced to the main conflict (main problem).
  • 14. 2. RISING ACTION This part of the story begins to develop the conflict(s). A building of interest or suspense occurs and leads to the climax. Complications arise
  • 15. 3. CLIMAX This is the turning point of the story. Ussually the main character comes face to face with a conflict. The main character will change in some way. This is the most intense moment.
  • 16. 4. FALLING ACTION Action that follows the climax and ultimately leads to the resolution
  • 17. 5. RESOLUTION The conclusion; all loose ends are tied up. Either the character defeats the problem, learns to live with the problem, or the problem defeats the character.
  • 18. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 1. Exposition 2. Rising Action 3. Climax 4. Falling Action 5. Resolution Beginning of Story Middle of Story End of Story
  • 19. CONFLICT Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.
  • 20. CONFLICT ⮚ Conflict is a problem that must be solved; an issue between the protagonist and antagonist forces. It forms the basis of the plot. ⮚ Conflicts can be external or internal ✔ External conflict - outside force may be person, group, animal, nature, or a nonhuman obstacle ✔ Internal conflict - takes place in a character’s mind
  • 21. TYPES OF EXTERNAL CONFLICT Character vs Nature Character vs Society Character vs Character Character vs Fate
  • 23. POINT OF VIEW • First Person Point of View - a character from the story is telling the story; uses the pronouns “I” and “me” Example: I walked away quickly, mortified that everyone would see my tears. • Third Person Point of View - an outside narrator is telling the story; uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, “they”
  • 24. TYPES OF THIRD-PERSON POINT OF VIEW Third-Person Limited The narrator knows the thoughts and feelings on only ONE character in a story. Third-Person Omniscient The narrator knows the thoughts and feeling of ALL the characters in a story.
  • 25. EXAMPLE OF THIRD-PERSON LIMITED POINT OF VIEW There was something in Peter’s eyes when he was in his mad mood, and whenever Ender saw that look, that glint, he knew that the one thing Peter would not do was leave him alone.
  • 26. EXAMPLE OF THIRD-PERSON OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW He had no way of knowing that things were about to get much worse. Waiting for her around the corner was the killer, looking for his tenth victim.
  • 27. THEME ⮚The theme is the central, general message, the main idea, the controlling topic about life or people the author wants to get across through a literary work ⮚To discover the theme of a story, think big. What big message is the author trying to say about the world in which we live? ⮚What is this story telling me about how life works, or how people behave?
  • 28. The Theme is also … The practical lesson (moral) that we learn from a story after we read it. The lesson that teaches us what to do or how to behave after you have learned something from a story or something that has happened to you. Example: The lesson or teaching of the story is to be careful when you’re offered something for nothing.