The document discusses the future of smart cities and adaptive cities. It provides examples of smart city technologies like smart buildings, mobility, lighting and roads. Characteristics of smart cities include efficient infrastructure, open innovation processes, and adapting to changing needs. Challenges include high costs, security/privacy concerns, and ensuring social inclusion. The document advocates for adaptive cities that can respond flexibly to disruptions through digital and physical agility. It provides steps to establish an adaptive city vision, design for adaptability, and build intrinsic agility. Finally, it describes plans for Neom Bay Airport in Saudi Arabia which will use land art and a mirrored design inspired by mirages.

1. FUTURE OF SMART CITIES
Wafa Abidi
Smruthik Mukesh

2. What are Smart Cities?
A smart city is an urban development using Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) to
provide useful information to effectively manage resources and
assets. This includes data collected from citizens and mechanical
devices, that are processed and analyzed to monitor and manage
traffic and transport systems, power plants, water supply networks,
waste disposal, etc.

4. Also called eco-city or sustainable city, the smart city aims to improve the quality of urban
services or reduce its costs. It stands out for its specificities: smart management, lifestyle,
mobility, housing, as well as a smart economy. Their main goal is to reconcile technological
innovation with the economic, social and ecological challenges of the city of tomorrow. Their
leitmotiv is the quality of life: how to live better together while respecting our environment.

5. Characteristics of a Smart City
1. Make more efficient use of physical infrastructure
(roads, built environment and other physical assets)
through artificial intelligence and data analytics in order
to support a strong and healthy economic, social,
cultural development.
2. Engage effectively with local governance by use of open
innovation processes and e-participation, improving the
collective intelligence of the city's institutions through
e-governance,with emphasis placed on citizen
participation and co-design.
3. Learn, adapt and innovate and thereby respond more
effectively and promptly to changing circumstances by
improving the intelligence of the city.

6. Benefits of Smart Cities
1. Environmental impact
Reducing the CO2 footprint is the main driver behind the development of
smart and sustainable cities. Improving energy efficiency and storage,
waste management, traffic conditions are among the greatest
advantages.
2. Optimized energy & water management
Smart grids and smart water management are recurring themes of smart
cities. Energy consumption and potable water monitoring ensure the
availability of energy and the quality of tap water across the city.

7. Benefits of Smart Cities
3. Transportation
Clean and efficient transportation of goods, services and people is
essential. In the hope of optimizing mobility, many cities are turning to
smart technologies to ease traffic congestion and provide users with real-
time updates.
4. Security
Safety is a priority for all cities. The accelerated development of smart
cities should allow municipalities to better monitor their citizens thanks
to CCTV cameras with facial recognition. In addition, state-of-the-art
CCTV cameras are also equipped with motion and smoke detectors, as
well as fire alarms.

8. Challenges of Smart Cities
● INFRASTRUCTURE AND COSTS
Smart cities use sensor technology to gather and analyse information such as rush hour stats, air
quality or crime rates. The implementation of these sensors requires a sophisticated and costly
infrastructure.
● SECURITY AND PRIVACY CONCERNS
Even though security is part of the benefits, it can also be regarded as a challenge as the use of IoT and
sensor technology increases. In fact, the threat of cyber attacks is a critical issue for smart cities. Also,
to avoid concerns about data use, smart cities need to involve their citizens. Awareness, education, and
transparency on the purpose of data collection are crucial to make the community feel that they are
truly taking part in making their city more sustainable.

9. ● SOCIAL RISKS
Inclusive urbanization must be a priority to deal with the increasing vulnerability of
poor and slum populations. That is why we need to ensure that no population is
excluded from smart city data collection and use.

10. Smart Cities technologies
1. Smart buildings
The optimisation of services like
heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC), as well as
energy usage and efficiency, is
crucial. Building-integrated
photovoltaics are a great solution of
smart building management.

11. Smart Cities technologies
2. Smart mobility
Promoting electric vehicles, self-
service bikes, public transport and
carpooling networks, as well as
providing charging stations must be a
priority, to give city dwellers true
sustainable alternatives to the single-
occupant fossil fuelled car.

12. Smart Cities technologies
3. Smart lighting
Lighting optimization aims at
reducing energy usage of the lighting
systems, by providing the correct
amount of light at the correct time
with efficient fixtures. Intelligent and
weather adaptive streetlights are a
good example of smart lighting
systems.

13. Smart Cities technologies
4. Smart roads
Control sensors can be used to
monitor certain traffic patterns and
common traffic jams. Besides, smart
technologies can detect the possible
deterioration of equipment such as
traffic lights and light panels for
pedestrians, or the effect of traffic
on the environment.

14. Examples of Smart Cities
Singapore Oslo

15. Examples of Smart Cities
New York Copenhagen

16. Adaptive Cities - Future of Smart cities
The smart city concept worked well for steady-state
conditions, but in a world of continuous disruption,
a key requirement for the city is to be able to
respond to change and do so with intrinsic agility
across both digital and physical aspects of its
operating model. Agility in the digital ecosystem is
nothing if the city remains brittle in its physical
infrastructure.
An adaptive city balances lives and livelihoods,
resilience and sustainability, and all the political,
economic, social, technological, legal, and
environmental conditions that need to be
continuously analyzed and acted upon.

17. Implementing the concept of Adaptive Cities
1. Establish the vision for the adaptive city
Adaptability is key since it becomes an enabler to
better support all goals. It means you can hit more
of your goals more of the time for more of your
stakeholders.
Since the business goals for the city are
continuously changing, the adaptive city will need
to support dynamic optimization of the goals
themselves so that goals which are in mutual
tension, such as traffic volume and CO2 emissions,
can be pro-actively managed minute-by-minute.

18. 2. Design for adaptability
To design for adaptability, it is important to focus
the design on both digital and physical elements
of the city’s architecture. Software adaptability
can be accomplished with approaches such as
cloud computing, AI, ML, digital twins, software-
defined networks, smart contracts, and platform
business models.
Physical adaptability can be accomplished with
approaches such as modular design and
construction, multi-functional design, robotics and
drones, and techniques which support rapid
integration and interoperability or dynamic
provisioning

19. 3. Build for intrinsic agility
To build out or renew city infrastructure, these digital and physical enablers will
provide much-needed intrinsic agility. By utilizing them during the construction or
renovation process, there is adaptability by design for their entire operational
lifetime. A timely example is microgrids that can react to shocks, like a self-healing
organism, if part of the grid is damaged.
In terms of integration, it will be important to pursue a platform business model
where intellectual property from startups and other constituents can plug and play
into the platform’s services much like the Apple app store. The adaptive city may own
and operate this platform as a public service, but it also enables permissionless
innovation so that others, including citizens, can easily innovate and build on top.

21. Neom Airport (Foster+ Partners)
S M R U T H I K M U K E S H
W A F A A B I D I

22. About Neom
NEOM is the vision of His Royal
Highness Crown Prince
Mohammed Bin Salman and is a
centerpiece of Saudi Arabia’s 2030
Vision plan to grow and diversify
the Saudi economy and position
the country to play a leading role in
global development.
NEOM will include towns and
cities, ports and enterprise zones,
research centers, sports and
entertainment venues, and tourist
destinations. It will be the home
and workplace for more than a
million citizens from around the
world.
Neom Bay Airport (Case Study)

23. Neom
Bay Airport
Taking inspiration from the optical
illusion of a desert mirage, the new
airport is expected for completion in
2023 and is estimated to
accommodate one
million travellers per year once it
officially opens.
"On approaching the
airport, travellers will see stunning
land art from the air. Entering the
terminal, visitors will be greeted with
a sleek mirrored edifice rising from
the desert,"
The structure takes cues from the
surrounding environment, resulting
in a mesmerising "mirage effect."
It will include a spacious courtyard
and will anchor the terminal. Its
sleek interiors will complement the
whole structure with unique artwork
and tailored experiences.

24. Ameneities
"The airport will reflect AMAALA’s ultra-luxury hospitality spirit, providing an
exclusive private-club experience perfectly encapsulating AMAALA’s pillars
of art and culture; wellness and sport; and sea, sun,and lifestyle," added in a
statement.
The terminal building will contain a list of amenities provided by the airport.
Some them are climate-controlled hangars that will be available for private
jets as well as a ground transfer service that is accessible from inside the
arrival hangar.
"Responding to the surroundinglandscape,the terminal building will form
an exclusive gateway to the AMAALA resort,"
"The passenger experience through the entire building will be akin to a
private members club – luxurious and relaxing."
"Focusing on the themes of art, wellbeing and sport, the design seeks to
establish a new model for private terminals that provides a seamless
experience from resort to aeroplane," Evenden added

25. • Land art or earth art is art that
is made directly in the
landscape,sculpting the land
itself into earthworks or making
structures in the landscape
using natural materials such as
rocks or twigs
• Land art, which is also known
as earth art, was usually
documented in artworks using
photographs and maps which
the artist could exhibit in a
gallery.
• Land artists also made land
art in the gallery by bringing in
material from the landscape and
using it to create installations
Land Art
Examples (Airports)

26. Client’s Challenge
Like any airport the ground
team wastes a lot of their time
to answer inquires,give travel
guidelines and provide
information towards
passengers’ inquires such as
baggage allowance,required
documents and even
performing the check in
operation.
Neom was looking for
technologies that can interact
with passengers and aid with all
the daily inquiries for the best
customer experience and in the
most efficient way possible.
Solution
INTDV helped in reducing the number of
employees required at the airport to
serve the same number of passengers
which made the staff able to assist a
greater number of passengers without
the need to have an enormous number of
members in the team, also not to waste
their time over answering the same FAQs
that are usually repeated byalmost every
passenger.
INTDV’s robots placed in Neom have
assisted passengers acting as an effective
staff member while providing the
following services