Institutional repositories were created in 2003 as a strategic response to issues with scholarly journal publishing and to take advantage of opportunities in the digital environment. They allow universities to retain control over knowledge produced at their institutions by providing open access to scholarship. Repositories can enhance the curriculum by including student work and go beyond archiving to support collaboration and new forms of scholarly communication across disciplines. Challenges include gaining support, increasing awareness of repositories, and managing copyright issues. Solutions involve assessment, outreach to promote usage, and optimization of repositories. The future holds potential for including more community contributions and multimedia content to better support teaching and research.