This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
This presentation represents an introduction to computer. I used every beginning lecture in my courses "Instructional Technology" and "Computer Fundamentals and its Applications".
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Overview of a computer system Introduction This Unit explores the basics of computer systems, their evolution, operation, classification, components etc
INTRODUCTION
Today, almost all of us in the world make use of computers in one way or the other. It finds applications in various fields of education, entertainment, agriculture, engineering, medicine, commercial, research and others.
Not only in these sophisticated areas, but also in our daily lives, computers have become indispensable.
They are present everywhere, in all the devices that we use daily like cars, games, washing machines, microwaves etc. and in day to day computations like banking, reservations, electronic mails, internet and many more.
This presentation represents an introduction to computer. I used every beginning lecture in my courses "Instructional Technology" and "Computer Fundamentals and its Applications".
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Overview of a computer system Introduction This Unit explores the basics of computer systems, their evolution, operation, classification, components etc
INTRODUCTION
Today, almost all of us in the world make use of computers in one way or the other. It finds applications in various fields of education, entertainment, agriculture, engineering, medicine, commercial, research and others.
Not only in these sophisticated areas, but also in our daily lives, computers have become indispensable.
They are present everywhere, in all the devices that we use daily like cars, games, washing machines, microwaves etc. and in day to day computations like banking, reservations, electronic mails, internet and many more.
This section of the memory is also referred to as backup storage.
The storage capacity of primary storage is not sufficient to store the large volume so secondary storage.
Secondary storage also know as external memory or auxiliary storage not directly accessible by the CPU.
UNIT I OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System Organization Operating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
Additional direct input devices include the mouse, input pen, touch screen, and microphone. Regardless of the type of device used, all are components for interpretation and communication between people and computer systems. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT The heart of any computer system is the central processing unit (CPU).
You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
This Slides covers:
Introduction to world of Computers, Basic Structure of Computer System, Computers in Home (Reference, Education & Communications, Entertainment an Digital Media Delivery, Smart Appliances, Home Computers), Computers in Education, Computers in workplace (productivity and decision making, customer services, communications), Computers on the move (Portable and Hand held computers, Self-Service kiosks, GPS Applications), Generation of Computer, Types of Computer (Size and Technology wise), Support Systems - Hardware and Software, Computer Peripherals, Memory Management.
This section of the memory is also referred to as backup storage.
The storage capacity of primary storage is not sufficient to store the large volume so secondary storage.
Secondary storage also know as external memory or auxiliary storage not directly accessible by the CPU.
UNIT I OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System Organization Operating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
Additional direct input devices include the mouse, input pen, touch screen, and microphone. Regardless of the type of device used, all are components for interpretation and communication between people and computer systems. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT The heart of any computer system is the central processing unit (CPU).
You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
This Slides covers:
Introduction to world of Computers, Basic Structure of Computer System, Computers in Home (Reference, Education & Communications, Entertainment an Digital Media Delivery, Smart Appliances, Home Computers), Computers in Education, Computers in workplace (productivity and decision making, customer services, communications), Computers on the move (Portable and Hand held computers, Self-Service kiosks, GPS Applications), Generation of Computer, Types of Computer (Size and Technology wise), Support Systems - Hardware and Software, Computer Peripherals, Memory Management.
CIT NI221 Laboratory - Lesson 01
Fundamentals of Computer
Credit goes to Mrs. Elena Dumangas for the slide presentation. Updates and some additional info contibuted by me.
No copyright infringement intended. For educational purposes only.
TOPICS
1 Introduction, Characteristics of Computers, Block Diagram of Computer
2 Types of Computers and Features
3 Types of Programming Languages
4 Data Organization, Types of Memory (Primary and Secondary)
5 I/O Devices, Number System
What is Computer, Functionalities of a computer, Computer Components, Hardware, software, Input Devices, Output Devices, CPU (Central Processing Unit), Memory, Unit of Measurements, Classification of Computers, Computer Languages, Generation of Computers, Data, Information and Knowledge, Characteristics of Computer, Computer Viruses,
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Fundamentals-of-Computer.ppt
1. Information Processing System
DATA is a collection of independent and
unorganized facts.
INFORMATION is the processed and
organized data presented in a meaningful
form.
DATA PROCESSING is the course of
doing things in a sequence of steps.
2. Information Processing System
COMPUTER is an electronic machine that
follows a set of instructions in order that it
may be able to accept and gather data
and transform these into information.
4. Functions of an Information
Processing System
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information.
(PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
5. Three Major Components of an
Information Processing System
HARDWARE is the tangible part of a
computer system.
SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that
tells the computer how to do its job.
PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use
and operate the computer system, write
computer programs, and analyze and
design the information system.
6. Basic Units of Measurement
BIT is a unit of information equivalent to
the result of a choice between only 2
possible alternatives in the binary number
system.
BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to
represent one character of alphanumeric
data) processed as a single unit for
information.
7. Basic Units of Measurement
A byte can be used to represent a single
character, which can be:
A letter
A number
A special character or symbol, or
A space
8.
9. Basic Units of Measurement
1,000 bytes =1 kilobyte (K or KB)
1,000 KB =1 megabyte (MB)
1,000 MB =1 gigabyte (GB)
1,000 GB =1 Terabyte (TB)
12. Basic hardware of a PC system
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory Unit
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary Storage Devices
13. 1. Central Processing Unit
Brain of the computer.
It directs and controls the entire computer
system and performs all arithmetic and
logical operations.
14. 2. Memory Unit
Where the programs and
data are stored .
READ ONLY MEMORY
(ROM) contains the pre-
programmed computer
instructions such as the Basic
Input Output System (BIOS).
RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY (RAM) is used to
store the programs and data
that you will run. Exists only
when there is power.
15.
16. 3. Input Devices
Allows data and programs to be sent to
the CPU.
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Webcam
Scanner
Monitor
18. Two Types of Mouse
Mechanical - a type of
computer mouse that has a
rubber or metal ball on its
underside and it can roll in
every direction.
Optical: This type uses a
laser for detecting the
mouse's movement.
19. How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC
PS/2 Mouse
Serial Mouse
USB/Cordless Mouse
24. 4. Output Devices
Media used by the computer in displaying
its responses to our requests and
instructions.
Monitor
Audio Speakers
Printer
25. Types of Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
26. Printers
IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by
physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy
wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix
printers & band printers.
NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply
pressure on the paper but instead
produces character by using lasers, ink
spray, photography or heat.
28. 5. Secondary Storage Devices
Attached to the computer system to allow
you to store programs and data
permanently for the purpose of retrieving
them for future use.
Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom
29. Floppy Disk
The most common secondary storage
device
3.5” disk – 1.44MB
30. High-Capacity Floppy Disks
Floppy disk cartridges
3 ½ inches in diameter
Stores more information
Zip disks
31. Hard Disk Drive or Hard Disk
Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
Holds a greater amount of data
32. Optical Discs
A standard part of modern desktop
machines, especially used for multimedia
purposes and preferred in loading
applications.
33. Kinds
Blue Ray Disk – 40G
Digital Versatile Disk
DVD-R – write once, 3.95G
DVD RW – rewritable, 3G
Single Layer and Double Layer
Compact Disk
CD-R – write once, 650MB
CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB
35. Other Secondary Storage
Solid-State Storage
No moving parts
Flash memory cards
USB flash drives
36. Parts that Build Up A System Unit
Casing or cover
Power Supply
Motherboard
Microprocessor
Memory
Video Card
Sound card
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
CD-ROM drive
MODEM
37. Casing or cover
The box or outer shell
that houses most of the
computer, it is usually
one of the most
overlooked parts of the
PC.
Protects the computer
circuits, cooling and
system organization.
38. Power Supply
Responsible for powering every device in your
computer.
Parts of a Power supply:
Disk drive connectors
Motherboard connector
Power supply fan
Power switch
Input voltage selector
Cover
Power plugs receptacle
39. Motherboard
The physical arrangement in a computer that
contains the computer’s basic circuitry and
components.
Components are:
Microprocessor
(Optional) Coprocessors
Memory
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Expansion Slot
Interconnecting circuitry
42. Software
Instructions that tell the computer how to
process data into the form you want.
Software and programs are
interchangeable.
Two major types:
System and Applications
43. 2 Kinds of Software
1. System Software enables the application
software to interact with the computer
hardware.
Operating Systems are programs that coordinate
computer resources, provide an interface between
users and the computer; and run applications.
Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing
computer resources.
Device drivers are specialized programs designed
to allow particular input or output devices to
communicate with the rest of the computer system.
44. Functions of a System Software
Managing resources (memory, processing,
storage, and devices like printer).
Providing user interface
Running applications
45. 2 Kinds of Software
2. Applications Software - provides the real
functionality of a computer. It help you
use your computer to do specific types of
work.
Basic Applications, widely used in all career
areas.
Specialized Applications, more
narrowly focused on specific
disciplines and occupations.
47. Disk Operating System
DOS was the first widely installed
operating system for personal computers.
Command-driven
48. MS-DOS Commands
A COMMAND is the name of a special
program that makes your computer carry
out a task.
49. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Thru GUI, users can interact directly with
the operating system.
Microsoft Windows
Icons, Menus, Dialog boxes
50.
51. FILES
FILE is simply a collection of information
that you store on a disk or diskette.
Must have a unique name
Two parts: the filename and extension
separated by a period.
RECIPE.DOC
52. EXTENSIONS
Use extension to make your filenames
more descriptive.
.DOC – word documents
.XLS – excel documents
.PPT – powerpoint documents
53. DIRECTORIES
One way of organizing the files on your
computer Hard Disk
ROOT – one basic directory
Subdirectories