Concepts are used as formal tools or models in mathematics, computer science, databases and artificial intelligence where they are sometimes called classes, schema or categories. In informal use the word concept often just means any idea.

1. Fundamentals of Computer
Er. Sohan Grover
IT-Trainer
ICA Edu. Skills Pvt. Ltd.

2.  What is Computer ?

3.  Computer is an Electronic Machine that Receive
the instruction to the Existing user and process
it and finally give the output according to the
user need.
 Computer is an electronic device that process,
stores and outputs data at high speeds.

4.  What is electronics machine???
 What is electrical machine???
What is the difference between electronics
and electrical machine????

6. Basic advantage of a computer
1. Speed
2. Multitask
3. Save time
4. Accuracy

7. Using a Computer
1. Banking
2. Business
3. Medical Science
4. Education
5. Media
6. Ticket booking
7. Art and Entertainment
8. Sport
9. Government
10.Research
11.Job Searching
12.Communication

8. Disadvantages of a Computer ??
1. Decision
2. Validation
3. Maintenance
4. Misuse

9.  Components of computer???

10.  Hardware
 The physical components of the computer
which are located inside and outside the cabinet.

11. Major Components of computer Hardware :
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Processing Unit

12. An INPUT DEVICE
lets you TALK TO the
computer

13. An OUTPUT DEVICE
lets the computer
TALK TO you

14. The CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
is the brain of a computer
– it tells the other parts
what to do

15. The CPU Stand for the..
Central Processing Unit

17. Block Diagram of Computer System.

18. ALU
(Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
MU
(Memory Unit)
CU
Control Unit
Parts of CPU

19. Sr.No. Device
Type of Device: (Input, Output)
1 Mouse
2 Keyboard
3 CD
4 Printer
5 Floppy Disk
6 Headphone
7 Scanner
8 Hard Disk
9 Speaker
10 Monitor
11 DVD
Exercise -1

20. Sr.No. Device
Type of Device: (Input, Output)
1 Mouse
Input Device
2 Keyboard
Input Device
3 CD
Input/Output Both
4 Printer
Output Device
5 Floppy Disk
Input/Output Both
6 Headphone
Input/Output Both
7 Scanner
Input Device
8 Hard Disk
Input/Output Both
9 Speaker
Output Device
10 Monitor
Output Device
11 DVD
Input/Output Both
Exercise -1 Answer

22. The RAM
(Random Access Memory)
is the temporary memory
of a computer

23. The ROM
(Read Only Memory)
is the permanent memory
of a computer

24. Secondary memory communicate to the CPU
with the Help of CPU.
CPU Primary
Memory
Secondary
Memory

27. What is Computer Software?
Software is the combination of different types
of instruction that made for perform a specific
task .
Computer Software are programs that tell the
computer what to do.

29. Those directly Run on Machine/system/computer
Example:-
Operating System
Question is that what is the Operating System?

30. Operating System is a master program that
provide interface between Hardware and
software.
Example:-
Window
Android

31. Application Software
Those are Run/install on System Software.
Example
MS-Office
Notepad
Whats app
Facebook App

33. Networking is interconnection of various computers that
share hardware and software between them.
There is three Types of Networking
1. LAN
2. MAN
3. WAN

34. LAN (Local Area Network)
Connect Two or More Computer in a single building.

35. MAN (Metropolitan area Network)
To connect City LAN Network.

36. WAN (Wide area Network)
To Connect various country WAN Network.

39. World first calculation machine
World first calculation machine
 The Abacus ( 1623 )
◦ The first computing aid that were used to help
them in their computation. (John Napier )

40. Pascal calculation machine
(1642)
Only (+,-)

41.  The Difference Engine
◦ An automatic, mechanical calculator designed to
tabulate polynomial functions.
◦ By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage
who is considered as Father of the Computer today
was proposing a steam driven calculating machine the
size of a room

42.  Ada Agusta (first worlds programmer)
 Embedded at Difference Engine
 1890 America scientist Harman hollyrath
 Create a machine those are used in america
people calculation.
 1939 atanasof and berry made electronic digital
computer (ABC computer )

43.  1946 America scientist John Markel Made
world first computer ENIAC

44. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
GENERATION 1 GENERATION 2 GENERATION 3
GENERATION 4 GENERATION 5

45. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
1. Use of vacuum tubes
2. Big & Clumsy
3. High Electricity
Consumption
4. Programming in
Mechanical Language
5. Larger AC were needed
6. Lot of electricity
failure occurred

46. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
1. Transistors were used
2. Core Memory was
developed
3. Faster than First
Generation computers
4. First Operating System
was developed
5. Programming was in
Machine Language &
Assembly Language
6. Magnetic tapes & discs
were used
7. Computers became
smaller in size than the
First Generation computers
8. Computers consumed less
heat & consumed less
electricity

47. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
1. Integrated circuits
developed
2. Power
consumption was
low
3. SSI & MSI
Technology was
used
4. High level
languages were used

48. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
1. Microprocessor used
2. Development of
Portable Computers
4. Used in multimedia,
simulation
5. Computers started in
use for Data
Communication
6. Different types of
memories with very high
accessing speed & storage
capacity

49. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
1. Used in parallel
processing
2. Uses
superconductors
3. Used in speech
recognition
4. Used in
intelligent robots
5. Used in artificial
intelligence

50. The future promises advanced
technology in computing. Faster, smarter
and more affordable.

51. THE END
ER. SOHAN SINGH GROVER
IT - TRAINER
Thank you
dear
students