A functional disorder causes physical discomfort which makes everyday life difficult. It can be seen as a disorder where the mind and the body for various reasons are not functioning properly
The document provides guidance on conducting a psychiatric history for patients. It discusses the importance of understanding a patient's life history and outlines key components to cover, including identification data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical/psychiatric history, family history, and personal history. Personal history should explore areas like childhood, education, relationships, and pre-illness personality. The goal is to understand the patient's experiences and diagnose and treat effectively.
In Psychiatry and Psychology, Insight means the recognition of one’s own condition. (mental illness)
It refers to:-
the conscious awareness and understanding of one’s own psychodynamics and symptoms of maladaptive behavior; highly important in effecting changes in the personality and behavior of a person.
insight,
true insight,
impaired insight,
judgement,
mental status examination,
Multi-dimensional model of Insight,
Grades of Insight, intellectual insight
assesment
This document provides an overview of the components and process of conducting a mental status examination (MSE). It defines an MSE as a standardized format for clinicians to record a patient's signs and symptoms during an interview. The key components of an MSE that are assessed include appearance, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, and insight. Each component is evaluated based on specific criteria like quality, intensity, and congruence. The document also provides definitions for various clinical terms relevant to findings on MSE and conditions that may present with abnormal findings.
The document provides information on conducting a psychiatric history and mental status examination (MSE). It discusses the importance of these diagnostic tools and obtaining information from when the patient enters to leaves the interview room. The history section outlines collecting demographic, chief complaint, history of present illness, past history, and other relevant details. The MSE section describes evaluating the patient's general appearance, psychomotor activity, speech, thought, mood, perception, and cognitive functions. Key aspects to observe and potential clinical implications are provided.
This document outlines guidelines for assessing disability in psychiatric patients in India. It discusses definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap. It describes how the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) is used to measure disability in mental disorders. Specific sections address assessing intellectual disability, specific learning disability, and general guidelines for the certification process. Disability is assessed based on functioning in areas like self-care, interpersonal activities, communication, and work performance.
The document summarizes a seminar on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It defines anxiety and anxiety disorders, and classifies GAD as a chronic condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry. The seminar discusses the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, differences between normal worry and GAD, and treatments for GAD including psychotherapy and medications.
This document provides an overview of psychiatry case taking and examination, including history taking and mental status examination (MSE). It discusses the purpose and general principles of history taking, as well as how to structure the interview room and questions. It then describes how to obtain information on a patient's identifying data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past history, family history, personal history, and pre-morbid personality. Finally, it outlines the components of the MSE including general appearance, psychomotor activity, speech, mood, thought, perception, and cognitive functions.
The document provides guidance on conducting a psychiatric history for patients. It discusses the importance of understanding a patient's life history and outlines key components to cover, including identification data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical/psychiatric history, family history, and personal history. Personal history should explore areas like childhood, education, relationships, and pre-illness personality. The goal is to understand the patient's experiences and diagnose and treat effectively.
In Psychiatry and Psychology, Insight means the recognition of one’s own condition. (mental illness)
It refers to:-
the conscious awareness and understanding of one’s own psychodynamics and symptoms of maladaptive behavior; highly important in effecting changes in the personality and behavior of a person.
insight,
true insight,
impaired insight,
judgement,
mental status examination,
Multi-dimensional model of Insight,
Grades of Insight, intellectual insight
assesment
This document provides an overview of the components and process of conducting a mental status examination (MSE). It defines an MSE as a standardized format for clinicians to record a patient's signs and symptoms during an interview. The key components of an MSE that are assessed include appearance, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, and insight. Each component is evaluated based on specific criteria like quality, intensity, and congruence. The document also provides definitions for various clinical terms relevant to findings on MSE and conditions that may present with abnormal findings.
The document provides information on conducting a psychiatric history and mental status examination (MSE). It discusses the importance of these diagnostic tools and obtaining information from when the patient enters to leaves the interview room. The history section outlines collecting demographic, chief complaint, history of present illness, past history, and other relevant details. The MSE section describes evaluating the patient's general appearance, psychomotor activity, speech, thought, mood, perception, and cognitive functions. Key aspects to observe and potential clinical implications are provided.
This document outlines guidelines for assessing disability in psychiatric patients in India. It discusses definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap. It describes how the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) is used to measure disability in mental disorders. Specific sections address assessing intellectual disability, specific learning disability, and general guidelines for the certification process. Disability is assessed based on functioning in areas like self-care, interpersonal activities, communication, and work performance.
The document summarizes a seminar on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It defines anxiety and anxiety disorders, and classifies GAD as a chronic condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry. The seminar discusses the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, differences between normal worry and GAD, and treatments for GAD including psychotherapy and medications.
This document provides an overview of psychiatry case taking and examination, including history taking and mental status examination (MSE). It discusses the purpose and general principles of history taking, as well as how to structure the interview room and questions. It then describes how to obtain information on a patient's identifying data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past history, family history, personal history, and pre-morbid personality. Finally, it outlines the components of the MSE including general appearance, psychomotor activity, speech, mood, thought, perception, and cognitive functions.
Geriatric psychiatry deals with preventing, diagnosing, and treating psychological disorders in older adults. Psychiatrists must recognize physical and mental illnesses in older patients and determine how medical illnesses, medications, and age-related stressors impact them. A psychiatric examination of an older patient includes evaluating their cognitive status, suicidal thoughts, functional abilities, and signs of mental disorders that commonly affect the elderly like dementia and depression. Psychopharmacological treatment of geriatric patients requires a thorough medical evaluation and individualization of dosages to improve quality of life while maintaining independence.
The Mental Status Exam (MSE) is the psychological equivalent of a physical exam that describes the mental state and behaviors of the person being seen. It includes both objective observations of the clinician and subjective descriptions given by the patient.
It includes descriptions of the patient's appearance and general behavior, level of consciousness and attentiveness, motor and speech activity, mood and affect, thought and perception, attitude and insight, the reaction evoked in the examiner, and, finally, higher cognitive abilities.
The document discusses the components and purpose of a mental status examination (MSE). A MSE is used to assess a patient's mental state and behavior through objective observations and subjective reports. It provides information for diagnosis, treatment assessment, and comparison over time. The key components of a MSE include appearance, behavior, speech, mood, thought processes, thought content, cognition, insight, and judgment. A MSE allows clinicians to evaluate changes in a patient's condition.
Psychopathology of Somatoform Disorders rayanarose
This document provides an overview of somatoform disorders, including their history, conceptualization, theories, and specific disorders. It discusses somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. It covers theories of abnormal illness behavior and deficits in cognitive processing of emotion. It also presents a signal filtering model of somatoform symptoms and explores the psychobiological theories involving the endocrine system, immune system, neurotransmitters, and brain mechanisms.
Psychosomatic and somatization disorderHala Sayyah
This document discusses psychosomatic disorders and somatization disorder. It defines psychosomatic medicine as dealing with the relationship between psychological and physiological factors in disease. Most physical disorders are influenced by stress, conflict or anxiety. A psychosomatic disorder specifically involves psychological factors influencing a medical condition. Treatment of psychosomatic disorders may involve reassurance, medications, behavioral therapies, and treating any underlying psychiatric conditions. Somatization disorder involves multiple somatic symptoms that cannot be medically explained and is associated with distress and seeking medical help. It typically begins before age 30 and is more common in women.
This document defines hallucinations as false sensory perceptions occurring without external stimuli. It classifies hallucinations into auditory, visual, gustatory, tactile, and olfactory types based on the affected sensory system. Auditory hallucinations are the most common and may be caused by executive function failure in the brain. Visual hallucinations involve neurotransmitters in the visual cortex and thalamus. Tactile hallucinations create imaginary physical sensations. Diseases that can involve hallucinations include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and organic mental disorders like delirium. Homoeopathic treatment focuses on potential miasmatic influences and ruling out underlying medical illness.
This document discusses crisis management in psychiatry. It defines a crisis, provides examples of crisis events, and describes common symptoms and stages of crisis reactions. It outlines several models of crisis assessment and intervention, including the triage assessment system, Gilliland's six-step model, the seven-stage model of crisis intervention, and the ABC model. It also covers crisis intervention in specific situations such as death/dying, children/adolescents, suicide, and rape. The document provides an overview of principles and approaches to crisis intervention in psychiatry.
This document provides an overview of disorders of thought. It discusses different types of thought disorders including disorders of thought tempo like flight of ideas and inhibition of thinking. It also covers disorders of thought continuity like perseveration and thought blocking. Additionally, it examines disorders of thought possession such as obsessions and compulsions. The document aims to classify and describe various thought disorders and their presentations to help with proper diagnosis and understanding of these conditions.
This document discusses disorders of self-experience and awareness. It defines self as how a person views themselves and their identity. There are four main aspects of self-awareness: awareness of existence, self-unity, continuity of identity, and boundaries. Disorders are discussed under each of these categories. For example, depersonalization is a disturbance in awareness of one's own activity where a person feels detached from themselves. Schizophrenia can involve feelings that one's thoughts are being controlled or stolen, disturbing boundaries. The document examines various conditions that can impact self-experience like depression, anxiety, substance use, and neurological disorders.
This document summarizes various psychiatric terminologies and personality types. It describes disorders related to consciousness, motor activity, perception, thought, affect, memory, orientation, and attention. Key personality types discussed include cyclothymic, hypomanic, melancholic, paranoid, schizoid, and obsessive-compulsive. Disturbances of consciousness like confusion, clouding, stupor, and delirium are explained. Disorders of motor activity, perception, thought, affect, memory, orientation, and attention are also defined.
This document summarizes various disorders of thought and intelligence. It discusses disorders like flight of ideas, slowing of thinking, circumstantiality, perseveration, thought blocking, obsessions and compulsions, thought alienation, and different types of delusions. It describes how intelligence is measured and different levels of intellectual disability. It also outlines various ways of classifying disorders of thinking, such as disorders of stream of thought, possession of thought, content of thought, and form of thought.
This document discusses somatoform disorders. It begins by defining somatoform disorders as mental illnesses characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically and cause impairment. Key points include: somatoform disorders involve the presentation of physical complaints due to psychological factors; they are characterized by multiple somatic complaints and persistent healthcare seeking despite reassurance; and common types include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, and hypochondriasis. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying psychological causes through cognitive behavioral therapy and other approaches.
Dissociation refers to feeling disconnected from one's environment or self. Those with dissociative disorders experience persistent episodes of dissociation that severely impact daily life. The four main types of dissociative disorders are dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Treatment for dissociative disorders typically involves psychotherapy and managing stress, as childhood trauma is a main underlying cause. Diagnosis can be difficult due to overlapping symptoms with other mental health conditions.
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
This document provides an overview of bereavement in elderly individuals. It discusses definitions of grief, mourning, and bereavement. It describes the phenomenology and phases of grief as well as types of grief such as anticipatory grief, anniversary reactions, chronic grief, and traumatic bereavement. It examines how age impacts the grief process in older adults and some complications that can arise from bereavement including medical illnesses, psychiatric issues, and persistent complex bereavement disorder. The document also discusses neurobiological factors involved in the grief response.
Somatoform disorders are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. They are caused by psychological factors and result in significant distress or impairment. One such disorder is somatization disorder, which involves multiple somatic complaints in various organ systems over several years. It has an onset before age 30 and is diagnosed when symptoms cannot be explained medically or are excessive given the medical findings. Common features include pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms. Somatization disorder is associated with conditions like depression and anxiety.
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychiatry. It begins with definitions of key terms like psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. It then discusses the history of psychiatry, from early views of mental disorders as supernatural to modern biological perspectives. Famous figures in the field like Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Jean Piaget are mentioned. The document outlines concepts in phenomenology like delusions, hallucinations and classification systems like ICD-10 and DSM-5. It describes various sub-specialties within psychiatry such as addiction, biological, child and adolescent psychiatry.
The document discusses disorders of stream of thought, including disorders of tempo such as flight of ideas, retardation of thinking, and circumstantiality, as well as disorders of continuity such as perseveration and thought blocking. It provides definitions and examples of each disorder. Assessment methods are also summarized, including observation, clinical interviews, mental status examinations, scales like PANSS and BPRS, and other tools like the Rorschach ink blot test and Thought and Language Index.
Basic principles, interview style, various components and their significance, how to take history of present illness, past history,family and personal history, substance history, premorbid personality
Normal thinking involves goal-directed progression of ideas and associations leading to rational conclusions. Thought disorders involve errors in this process and can be categorized as disorders of form, progression, content, or possession. Delusions are a type of thought content disorder characterized by false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence. Conrad proposed a 5-stage model of delusion development including mood changes, search for meaning, heightening of psychosis, formation of a new worldview, and eventual isolation. Delusions are classified based on origin, theme, mood congruence, reality value, and complexity. Common delusional themes include persecution, guilt, infidelity, grandeur, poverty, and somatic or religious beliefs. Case studies demonstrate delusional
Somatic symptom disorder is a condition where psychological stressors manifest as physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically. It affects 5-7% of the population, with women experiencing somatic pain about 10 times more often than men. Anyone can develop the disorder due to factors like a chaotic lifestyle, difficulty expressing emotions, childhood neglect, substance abuse, or other mental health conditions. Common physical symptoms include fatigue, pain, digestive issues, and skin problems. While the exact causes are unknown, stress is thought to release hormones that damage the body. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and working with mental health specialists to address the underlying psychological issues contributing to the somatic symptoms.
Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. They include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. Symptoms are not under conscious control and can include pain, gastrointestinal issues, sexual problems, and pseudoneurological signs. Treatment may involve antidepressants, relaxation techniques, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Geriatric psychiatry deals with preventing, diagnosing, and treating psychological disorders in older adults. Psychiatrists must recognize physical and mental illnesses in older patients and determine how medical illnesses, medications, and age-related stressors impact them. A psychiatric examination of an older patient includes evaluating their cognitive status, suicidal thoughts, functional abilities, and signs of mental disorders that commonly affect the elderly like dementia and depression. Psychopharmacological treatment of geriatric patients requires a thorough medical evaluation and individualization of dosages to improve quality of life while maintaining independence.
The Mental Status Exam (MSE) is the psychological equivalent of a physical exam that describes the mental state and behaviors of the person being seen. It includes both objective observations of the clinician and subjective descriptions given by the patient.
It includes descriptions of the patient's appearance and general behavior, level of consciousness and attentiveness, motor and speech activity, mood and affect, thought and perception, attitude and insight, the reaction evoked in the examiner, and, finally, higher cognitive abilities.
The document discusses the components and purpose of a mental status examination (MSE). A MSE is used to assess a patient's mental state and behavior through objective observations and subjective reports. It provides information for diagnosis, treatment assessment, and comparison over time. The key components of a MSE include appearance, behavior, speech, mood, thought processes, thought content, cognition, insight, and judgment. A MSE allows clinicians to evaluate changes in a patient's condition.
Psychopathology of Somatoform Disorders rayanarose
This document provides an overview of somatoform disorders, including their history, conceptualization, theories, and specific disorders. It discusses somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. It covers theories of abnormal illness behavior and deficits in cognitive processing of emotion. It also presents a signal filtering model of somatoform symptoms and explores the psychobiological theories involving the endocrine system, immune system, neurotransmitters, and brain mechanisms.
Psychosomatic and somatization disorderHala Sayyah
This document discusses psychosomatic disorders and somatization disorder. It defines psychosomatic medicine as dealing with the relationship between psychological and physiological factors in disease. Most physical disorders are influenced by stress, conflict or anxiety. A psychosomatic disorder specifically involves psychological factors influencing a medical condition. Treatment of psychosomatic disorders may involve reassurance, medications, behavioral therapies, and treating any underlying psychiatric conditions. Somatization disorder involves multiple somatic symptoms that cannot be medically explained and is associated with distress and seeking medical help. It typically begins before age 30 and is more common in women.
This document defines hallucinations as false sensory perceptions occurring without external stimuli. It classifies hallucinations into auditory, visual, gustatory, tactile, and olfactory types based on the affected sensory system. Auditory hallucinations are the most common and may be caused by executive function failure in the brain. Visual hallucinations involve neurotransmitters in the visual cortex and thalamus. Tactile hallucinations create imaginary physical sensations. Diseases that can involve hallucinations include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and organic mental disorders like delirium. Homoeopathic treatment focuses on potential miasmatic influences and ruling out underlying medical illness.
This document discusses crisis management in psychiatry. It defines a crisis, provides examples of crisis events, and describes common symptoms and stages of crisis reactions. It outlines several models of crisis assessment and intervention, including the triage assessment system, Gilliland's six-step model, the seven-stage model of crisis intervention, and the ABC model. It also covers crisis intervention in specific situations such as death/dying, children/adolescents, suicide, and rape. The document provides an overview of principles and approaches to crisis intervention in psychiatry.
This document provides an overview of disorders of thought. It discusses different types of thought disorders including disorders of thought tempo like flight of ideas and inhibition of thinking. It also covers disorders of thought continuity like perseveration and thought blocking. Additionally, it examines disorders of thought possession such as obsessions and compulsions. The document aims to classify and describe various thought disorders and their presentations to help with proper diagnosis and understanding of these conditions.
This document discusses disorders of self-experience and awareness. It defines self as how a person views themselves and their identity. There are four main aspects of self-awareness: awareness of existence, self-unity, continuity of identity, and boundaries. Disorders are discussed under each of these categories. For example, depersonalization is a disturbance in awareness of one's own activity where a person feels detached from themselves. Schizophrenia can involve feelings that one's thoughts are being controlled or stolen, disturbing boundaries. The document examines various conditions that can impact self-experience like depression, anxiety, substance use, and neurological disorders.
This document summarizes various psychiatric terminologies and personality types. It describes disorders related to consciousness, motor activity, perception, thought, affect, memory, orientation, and attention. Key personality types discussed include cyclothymic, hypomanic, melancholic, paranoid, schizoid, and obsessive-compulsive. Disturbances of consciousness like confusion, clouding, stupor, and delirium are explained. Disorders of motor activity, perception, thought, affect, memory, orientation, and attention are also defined.
This document summarizes various disorders of thought and intelligence. It discusses disorders like flight of ideas, slowing of thinking, circumstantiality, perseveration, thought blocking, obsessions and compulsions, thought alienation, and different types of delusions. It describes how intelligence is measured and different levels of intellectual disability. It also outlines various ways of classifying disorders of thinking, such as disorders of stream of thought, possession of thought, content of thought, and form of thought.
This document discusses somatoform disorders. It begins by defining somatoform disorders as mental illnesses characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically and cause impairment. Key points include: somatoform disorders involve the presentation of physical complaints due to psychological factors; they are characterized by multiple somatic complaints and persistent healthcare seeking despite reassurance; and common types include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, and hypochondriasis. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying psychological causes through cognitive behavioral therapy and other approaches.
Dissociation refers to feeling disconnected from one's environment or self. Those with dissociative disorders experience persistent episodes of dissociation that severely impact daily life. The four main types of dissociative disorders are dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Treatment for dissociative disorders typically involves psychotherapy and managing stress, as childhood trauma is a main underlying cause. Diagnosis can be difficult due to overlapping symptoms with other mental health conditions.
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
This document provides an overview of bereavement in elderly individuals. It discusses definitions of grief, mourning, and bereavement. It describes the phenomenology and phases of grief as well as types of grief such as anticipatory grief, anniversary reactions, chronic grief, and traumatic bereavement. It examines how age impacts the grief process in older adults and some complications that can arise from bereavement including medical illnesses, psychiatric issues, and persistent complex bereavement disorder. The document also discusses neurobiological factors involved in the grief response.
Somatoform disorders are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. They are caused by psychological factors and result in significant distress or impairment. One such disorder is somatization disorder, which involves multiple somatic complaints in various organ systems over several years. It has an onset before age 30 and is diagnosed when symptoms cannot be explained medically or are excessive given the medical findings. Common features include pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms. Somatization disorder is associated with conditions like depression and anxiety.
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychiatry. It begins with definitions of key terms like psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. It then discusses the history of psychiatry, from early views of mental disorders as supernatural to modern biological perspectives. Famous figures in the field like Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Jean Piaget are mentioned. The document outlines concepts in phenomenology like delusions, hallucinations and classification systems like ICD-10 and DSM-5. It describes various sub-specialties within psychiatry such as addiction, biological, child and adolescent psychiatry.
The document discusses disorders of stream of thought, including disorders of tempo such as flight of ideas, retardation of thinking, and circumstantiality, as well as disorders of continuity such as perseveration and thought blocking. It provides definitions and examples of each disorder. Assessment methods are also summarized, including observation, clinical interviews, mental status examinations, scales like PANSS and BPRS, and other tools like the Rorschach ink blot test and Thought and Language Index.
Basic principles, interview style, various components and their significance, how to take history of present illness, past history,family and personal history, substance history, premorbid personality
Normal thinking involves goal-directed progression of ideas and associations leading to rational conclusions. Thought disorders involve errors in this process and can be categorized as disorders of form, progression, content, or possession. Delusions are a type of thought content disorder characterized by false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence. Conrad proposed a 5-stage model of delusion development including mood changes, search for meaning, heightening of psychosis, formation of a new worldview, and eventual isolation. Delusions are classified based on origin, theme, mood congruence, reality value, and complexity. Common delusional themes include persecution, guilt, infidelity, grandeur, poverty, and somatic or religious beliefs. Case studies demonstrate delusional
Somatic symptom disorder is a condition where psychological stressors manifest as physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically. It affects 5-7% of the population, with women experiencing somatic pain about 10 times more often than men. Anyone can develop the disorder due to factors like a chaotic lifestyle, difficulty expressing emotions, childhood neglect, substance abuse, or other mental health conditions. Common physical symptoms include fatigue, pain, digestive issues, and skin problems. While the exact causes are unknown, stress is thought to release hormones that damage the body. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and working with mental health specialists to address the underlying psychological issues contributing to the somatic symptoms.
Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. They include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. Symptoms are not under conscious control and can include pain, gastrointestinal issues, sexual problems, and pseudoneurological signs. Treatment may involve antidepressants, relaxation techniques, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
This document discusses mental health issues in people with intellectual disabilities. It covers several common psychiatric conditions seen in this population including schizophrenia, depression, mania, and dementia. Key points include:
- People with intellectual disabilities are at high risk for mental illness, though symptoms can be overlooked.
- Schizophrenia symptoms like hallucinations and delusions may present differently than in the general population.
- Depression and mania can also affect people with intellectual disabilities but may be expressed differently.
- Dementia is also more common in some populations like those with Down syndrome.
- Caregivers play an important role in monitoring for changes that could indicate mental illness.
The document discusses anxiety and depression. It defines anxiety as feelings of tension, worry and physical changes. Anxiety disorders involve recurring intrusive thoughts. Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest that interferes with daily life. It discusses common types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. It also covers symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatments for both anxiety and depression which include psychotherapy, medication and lifestyle changes.
This document provides information on different types of psychological disorders including depression, anorexia nervosa, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It defines psychological disorders as conditions that affect mood, thinking, behavior and ability to function. Depression symptoms include feelings of sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite, sleep, and energy. Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to eat. PTSD can develop after a traumatic event and causes intrusive memories, avoidance, negative thoughts, and increased arousal. The document discusses causes, symptoms and treatment for each.
Somatiform disorders are conditions where physical symptoms exist without an underlying physical disease. They include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, and hypochondriasis. Somatization disorder involves multiple vague physical complaints like pain and fatigue without a physical cause. Conversion disorder involves sensory or motor symptoms without physical cause, like paralysis. Hypochondriasis involves a persistent belief of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance.
This document is a group assignment on Somatization Disorder submitted by 4 students to their professor. It includes an outline covering the introduction, clinical features, causes, diagnostic criteria, development/course, prognosis, risk factors, differential diagnosis, and treatment of Somatization Disorder. The introduction defines it as a disorder where physical symptoms are the major focus despite being medically unexplained. The clinical features section describes patients' convictions that they have an undiagnosed serious disease. Causes may include anxiety, depression, medical conditions, or stressful life events.
The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It begins with an overview of a 4 module program covering introduction to mental health, anxiety disorders, depression and treatment, and suicide. It then discusses definitions of mental health and illness, causes such as biological and psychological factors, and common disorders like anxiety and depression. Key topics covered include the stigma of mental illness, myths about mental illness, and scales to measure anxiety symptoms.
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS. VARIOUS CONDITONSpptxSaluSunny2
This document discusses somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders. It defines somatoform disorders as mental illnesses where patients experience physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically. It outlines the DSM-IV and DSM-V classifications of somatoform disorders including somatic symptom disorder. Dissociative disorders involve lack of connection in consciousness and identity. Dissociative disorders discussed include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder. Treatment options mentioned include various forms of psychotherapy and drug therapy.
The document discusses stress, burnout, and strategies for managing stress. It defines stress as the body's natural response to both positive and negative events that disrupt personal balance. Two types of stress are discussed: eustress which is beneficial, and distress which involves extreme worry, sadness or pain. Burnout is defined as long-term exhaustion and diminished interest in work from chronic occupational stress. Causes of stress and its physical, behavioral, emotional, psychological, and neurological effects are outlined. Finally, the document recommends strategies for managing stress through a balanced diet, managing time well, getting adequate sleep, relaxation, aerobic exercise, addressing emotional conflicts, and managing emotions.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL HEALTH.pptxMartin Mambu
Mental health affects how people think, feel and behave. It is on a spectrum from good to poor. Good mental health allows people to think positively and cope with stress, while poor mental health makes daily tasks difficult. Mental health depends on overall physical health, having a stable home and purpose, and strong community relationships. Common mental illnesses include anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders and substance abuse disorders. Genetics, life experiences, brain chemistry, trauma and medical conditions can all contribute to mental illness. Maintaining overall wellness through stress reduction, learning, nature, social connection and sleep can help prevent problems.
Psychiatric Disorders-WPS Office 1.pptxSudipta Roy
This document provides information on psychiatric disorders of depression and anxiety. It discusses the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments of different forms of depression like major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. It also covers anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. The document outlines biological, genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors that may contribute to the development of these conditions. Treatments discussed include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy using antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications, and alternative therapies like exercise and supplements.
This document discusses various psychological disorders that may impact maxillofacial patients, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and others. It then examines the psychological effects of acquired, congenital, and developmental maxillofacial defects, including loss, grief, depression, and reduced self-esteem. The document recommends that healthcare providers consider a patient's psychological state and refer them to appropriate support services or mental health treatment if needed.
This document discusses somatoform and dissociative disorders as defined in the DSM-IV. Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical factors and are thought to be linked to psychological issues. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in consciousness, memory, identity or perception. The document provides overviews of specific disorders including their defining features, causes, prevalence and treatment approaches. These include conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis and dissociative disorders like dissociative identity disorder.
Depression is a common and serious medical illness that causes prolonged feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities. It can lead to emotional and physical problems that decrease ability to function. Signs include changes in appetite, sleep, energy levels, concentration, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It can affect people of all ages but often begins during the teenage years or early adulthood. Treatment options include psychotherapy, medication, light therapy, exercise, and social support.
Mental health affects how people think, feel and act. It determines how they handle stress and relate to others. Many factors influence mental health, including genetics, life experiences and family history. Some early warning signs of mental health problems are changes in eating, sleeping, energy levels and behavior. Positive mental health allows people to reach their full potential and cope with life's stresses. Maintaining good mental health involves getting help if needed, connecting socially, and living a healthy lifestyle. Stress can be positive or negative. Positive stress motivates and improves performance, while negative stress causes anxiety and decreases functioning.
This document provides an outline and overview of mood disorders including depression and bipolar disorder. It discusses the types of mood disorders, symptoms of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, risk factors and etiological factors. Treatment options and differences between DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for depression are also summarized. The document aims to increase understanding of common mood disorders and how they affect individuals.
COPD Treatment in Ghatkopar,Mumbai. Dr Kumar DoshiDr Kumar Doshi
Are you or a loved one affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? Discover comprehensive and advanced treatment options with Dr. Kumar Doshi, a preeminent COPD specialist based in Ghatkopar, Mumbai.
Dr. Kumar Doshi is dedicated to delivering the highest standard of care for COPD patients. Whether you are seeking a diagnosis, a second opinion, or exploring new treatment avenues, this presentation will guide you through the exceptional services available at his practice in Ghatkopar, Mumbai.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONblessyjannu21
Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
The person may find difficult to stand, lift objects and speak or swallow. Medications and surgery can help the patient to relieve the symptoms of this lifelong illness.
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance OfficersConference Panel
Join us for a comprehensive 90-minute lesson designed specifically for Compliance Officers and Practice/Business Managers. This 2024 HIPAA Training session will guide you through the critical steps needed to ensure your practice is fully prepared for upcoming audits. Key updates and significant changes under the Omnibus Rule will be covered, along with the latest applicable updates for 2024.
Key Areas Covered:
Texting and Email Communication: Understand the compliance requirements for electronic communication.
Encryption Standards: Learn what is necessary and what is overhyped.
Medical Messaging and Voice Data: Ensure secure handling of sensitive information.
IT Risk Factors: Identify and mitigate risks related to your IT infrastructure.
Why Attend:
Expert Instructor: Brian Tuttle, with over 20 years in Health IT and Compliance Consulting, brings invaluable experience and knowledge, including insights from over 1000 risk assessments and direct dealings with Office of Civil Rights HIPAA auditors.
Actionable Insights: Receive practical advice on preparing for audits and avoiding common mistakes.
Clarity on Compliance: Clear up misconceptions and understand the reality of HIPAA regulations.
Ensure your compliance strategy is up-to-date and effective. Enroll now and be prepared for the 2024 HIPAA audits.
Enroll Now to secure your spot in this crucial training session and ensure your HIPAA compliance is robust and audit-ready.
https://conferencepanel.com/conference/hipaa-training-for-the-compliance-officer-2024-updates
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
2. What is a functional disorder?
• A functional disorder causes physical discomfort which
makes everyday life difficult. It can be seen as a disorder
where the mind and the body for various reasons are not
functioning properly.
• This term is used because the person has a disturbance
of their functioning that arises in the absence of any
disease.
3. Functional Symptoms vs. Organic
Disease
Functional Symptoms
• No possible finding of
organic or pathological
tissue changes while
physician investigating,
psychological causes.
• headaches, fatigue,
insomnia, irritability,
abdominal pain, indigestion,
low back pain, or simply not
feeling well.
Organic symptoms
• physical, cellular
changes that can be
identified by diagnostic
testing
• cancer, arthritis, heart
disease, gastric ulcers,
and emphysema.
4. Are functional disorders
common?
• Yes. Somewhere between 20% and 40%
of people attending almost any hospital
clinic have symptoms
• sometimes disabilities for which there is
no specific explanation.
• The doctors cannot find evidence for any
disease, or other damage to account for
the symptoms.
5. Why is it called a ‘functional
disorder’?
• Many different names have been used.
• the preferred name is "a functional
disorder".
• This term is used because the person has
a disturbance of their functioning that
arises in the absence of any disease.
• The person’s function is disordered.
6. The following names have been
used.
• somatization, somatoform disorder
• hysteria, hysterical disorder, conversion disorder
• non-organic symptoms, non-organic illness, medically
unexplained symptoms
• stress-related symptoms, anxiety, atypical depression.
• Many other names have been used.
7. Some examples of functional
disorders are
• Conversion disorder
• Somatization disorder
• Hypochondriasis
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Pain disorder
• Dissociative amnesia
• Dissociative fugue
• Depersonalization disorder
• Dissociative identity disorder
8. Some risk factors for
functional disorder.
• a stressful childhood, with such things as abuse, being
orphaned, and losing a parent
• Experience of a severe unusual stress, such as
exposure to a very nasty accident
• Ongoing high stresses in life, such as an unsatisfactory
job, problems at home, financial worries.
9. The common symptoms are:
Symptoms from heart
and lungs
• Palpitations
• Chest pain
• Short of breath without
exertion
• Cold or hot sweats
• Shaking or trembling
• Mouth dryness
• 'Butterflies' or abdominal
churning
Symptoms from stomach
and intestines
• Frequent loose stools
• Abdominal pain
• Bloated stomach
• Abdominal tension or weight
sensation
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Burning sensation in the chest or
upper abdominal area
10. Con……
Symptoms from the
muscles
• Pain in the arms or legs
• Muscular ache or pain
• Pain in the joints
(arthralgia)
• Feeling of paresis or
localized weakness
• Backache
• Pain moving from one
place to another
• Unpleasant numbness or
tingling sensations
General symptoms
• Concentration difficulties
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Impairment of memory
• Dizziness
11. Among research scientists and
practitioners there is a general consensus
that:
• the cause of functional disorders is multi-factorial,
• the brain plays a part in a functional disorder. Scans
have showed changes in the way the brain reacts
when the body is inflicted with pain.
• functional disorders are often caused by a combination
of congenital vulnerability and strain and stress.
• functional disorders can be treated with cognitive
behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy.
Some patients will benefit from medicinal treatment,
primarily from anti-depressant pills.
12. Con…
• a functional disorder is a real disease.
• the patients are not ‘pretending’ to be ill, and they are not
patients who lie, cheat or exaggerate to gain social
benefits.
• Research shows that many patients can recover. Most of
them can get a significantly better quality of life.
However, some of them will have to keep showing
consideration for their body and learn to live with the
functional disorder, the same way that one can learn to
live with other chronic diseases such as asthma or
diabetes.
13. Functional disorders are challenging
• Functional disorders challenge our usual
way of thinking that an illness is either
purely physical, psychological, social or
something else.
• To understand functional disorders it is
necessary to look at the body, the mind and
society as factors affecting each other and
which all can be the cause of an illness.
14. Somatoform disorders & types
• Subjective experience of many physical symptoms with
no organic cause
• Types
• Conversion disorder
• Somatization disorder
• Hypochondriasis
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Pain disorder
15. Conversion disorder
Loss of functioning in the part of
the body for psychological rather
than the physical reason
• Paralysis
• Blindness
• Mutism
• Seizure
• Hearing loss
• Sever loss of
coordination
• Anesthesia in limb
Somatization disorder
Is a diagnoses when individuals have a
history of numerous physical complains
for which no medical causes can be found
• Pain symptoms(Head ,
Back, Rectum, pain
Legs)
• Gastrointestinal(nausea,
diarrhea)
• Sexual disturbance
• Neurological
symptoms(paralysis,
double vision, deafness)
16. Hypochondriasis
Chronic worry that one has physical
disease in the absence of evidence that
one does and frequent seeking of medical
attention
• For example, that a
minor headache may be
caused by a brain
tumour, or a mild rash is
the start of skin cancer
Body dysmorphic disorder
Excessive preoccupation with the part of
the body the person believes is defective
• Headache
• Pain in the back,
muscles, joints
• Stomach problems
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
18. Pain disorder
• Pain disorder is a condition where a
person has a persistent pain that cannot
be attributed to a physical disorder
19. Dissociative disorders
• are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory,
awareness, identity, or perception. People with dissociative
disorders use dissociation, a defense mechanism, pathologically
and involuntarily. Dissociative disorders are thought to primarily be
caused by psychological trauma.
• Types
• Dissociative amnesia
• Dissociative fugue
• Depersonalization disorder
• Dissociative identity disorder
20. Dissociative identity disorder
There are separate, multipule personalities in
same individual. The personalities also may be
aware of each other or may have amnesia for
each other
• Discontinuity in sense of
self and sense of agency
• Alteration in behavior
consciousness, memory,
perception, cognition,
sensory motor function.
• Recurrent gap in recall
every day events,
important personal
information and traumatic
events
Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory for important
facts about a person own life
and personal identity
• Amnesia can be
psychogenic or organic
21. Dissociative fugue
• Disorder in which a person moves away
and assumes a new identity with amnesia
for the pervious identity
22. Depersonalization disorder
• The presence of persistence are recurrent experience of
depersonalization, derealization or both
• Depersonalization: experience of unreality, detachment
or being an outside observer with respect to one
thoughts, feelings, sensation, body, or actions for e.g
perceptual alteration, distorted sense of time emotional
or physical numbing,
• Derealization: experience of unreality, detachment with
respect to surroundings for e.g individuals or objects are
experienced as unreal dream like foggy, life less, or
visual distorted.
23. CAUSES
No single cause several factors contribute
• Some people are congenitally vulnerable.(genes)
• Some people develop a functional disorder after great or
long-term stress, e.g. (a divorce, illness in the family or
social problems.)
• Sometimes an infectious disease or an accident cause
the development of a functional disorder.
24. HEREDITY
Heredity is closely connected to functional disorders.
• Genetic heredity
• The probability is stronger
among to develop a functional
disorder in identical twins.
• This probability is weaker
among fraternal twins.
• Social heredity
• that stressful social
circumstances may worsen a
functional disorder.
• Highly Complexity
• You do not inherit a functional
disorder the same way you
inherit e.g. blue eyes or black
hair. On the other hand.
• if you experience one or
several stressful events, you
will have a stronger proneness
to develop a functional
disorder.
• In certain families, Some
people developed a functional
disorder already in early
childhood without the presence
of any stressful events.
25. Role of Hormones
• A state of alertness is caused by an activation of the so-
called autonomic nervous system and the release of
a large amount of stress hormones, e.g. cortisol and
noradrenalin.
• The stress hormones cause a production of a number of
physical symptoms.
• Many of the symptoms related to stress are the same
symptoms we experience in connection with a functional
disorder.
27. Types Of Functional Disorder
There are following two types
Dissociative Disorder
Somatoform Disorder
28. Method Of Treatment
• Psychotherapy
psychological methods to treat
mental or emotional problems, eg to help
patients to develop coping strategies.
• Pharmacotherapy
is therapy using pharmaceutical
drugs
30. Psychodynamic Approach
• Psychodynamic therapists guide patients
to their unconscious and bring forgotten
experiences into consciousness
• Psychoanalysts seek to help people with
dissociative identity disorder uncover and
learn to cope with early childhood
traumas. They often recommend
establishing direct contact with alter
personalities (Burton & Lane, 2001).
31. Hypnotherapy
• In hypnotic therapy, patients are hypnotized
and guided to recall forgotten events
• Therapist training in hypnosis is highly useful
in the treatment of trauma and dissociation,
especially DID.
• It gives the therapist a broader awareness of
the patient’s experiences as well as powerful
techniques that can benefit the patient.
• Formal induction is not usually needed on a
regular basis.
32. Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• A cognitive behavior therapy that
incorporates mindfulness and a series of
exercises to help the patient decrease
trigger responses to internal and external
stimuli. Helps with self-soothing.
• distorted thoughts
• unrealistic beliefs
• behaviors that prompt health anxiety
33. Group therapy
• DID in groups can be problematic.
• Agreements need to be made about
control of child alters during sessions.
• Therapists have to be careful not to
prematurely expose trauma to group.
• Ongoing individual psychotherapy is
needed to support the group process.
34. Expressive therapies
• May be very useful to allow the patient to
spill the feelings without the cognitive self-
judgment that may accompany “talk
therapy”.
35. Pharmacotherapy
• Nearly all classes of psychotropic
medications have been used empirically
with DID patients.
• Antidepressants: SSRIs treat
depression/PTSD
• Anxolytics: Short term for anxiety
.