This document appears to be a summary of the responses to a questionnaire about energy and renewable energies from students in multiple European countries. Some key findings from the questionnaire include:
- Most students reported learning about renewable energies like solar, wind and hydro from school textbooks and teachers rather than other sources like parents or TV.
- A majority of students in most countries reported not having solar panels or collectors at home but thinking their parents would be open to installing them if subsidies were available.
- Reported use and knowledge of solar cookers varied significantly between countries, with some showing more familiarity before the Comenius project and others less so.
- The Comenius project appeared effective in increasing students' knowledge
The anchor element <a> is used to create three types of links: external links to other websites, internal links to other pages on the same website, and bookmarks to different sections within the same page. The href attribute specifies the link target, and the target attribute can open it in a new tab or window. For external links, the full URL is used. For internal links, the file name is used. Bookmarks use #name links between two <a> elements with matching name attributes.
This multi-level marketing system uses a 4-tower structure where members earn commissions for each new member they recruit. Members advance through different VIP levels as they complete 4-tower structures by recruiting 14 new members. All members receive discounts on products and can earn bonus points to exchange for cash. Higher VIP levels provide higher commissions and bonuses for recruiting more members.
The document summarizes research on hats, dresses, and trousers from ancient times to present day. It was conducted by Laura Lāčauniece and Aija Klusa for their English class at Shpogy Secondary School under the guidance of their teacher Eva Vovka. The research aims to compare fashion from ancient times to now. It discusses the history and types of various hats including panamas and ushankas. It also outlines the history of dresses during the Victorian era and styles like crinolines and bustles. Finally, it provides details on the history of trousers and different types like jeans and harem pants.
This document appears to be a summary of the responses to a questionnaire about energy and renewable energies from students in multiple European countries. Some key findings from the questionnaire include:
- Most students reported learning about renewable energies like solar, wind and hydro from school textbooks and teachers rather than other sources like parents or TV.
- A majority of students in most countries reported not having solar panels or collectors at home but thinking their parents would be open to installing them if subsidies were available.
- Reported use and knowledge of solar cookers varied significantly between countries, with some showing more familiarity before the Comenius project and others less so.
- The Comenius project appeared effective in increasing students' knowledge
The anchor element <a> is used to create three types of links: external links to other websites, internal links to other pages on the same website, and bookmarks to different sections within the same page. The href attribute specifies the link target, and the target attribute can open it in a new tab or window. For external links, the full URL is used. For internal links, the file name is used. Bookmarks use #name links between two <a> elements with matching name attributes.
This multi-level marketing system uses a 4-tower structure where members earn commissions for each new member they recruit. Members advance through different VIP levels as they complete 4-tower structures by recruiting 14 new members. All members receive discounts on products and can earn bonus points to exchange for cash. Higher VIP levels provide higher commissions and bonuses for recruiting more members.
The document summarizes research on hats, dresses, and trousers from ancient times to present day. It was conducted by Laura Lāčauniece and Aija Klusa for their English class at Shpogy Secondary School under the guidance of their teacher Eva Vovka. The research aims to compare fashion from ancient times to now. It discusses the history and types of various hats including panamas and ushankas. It also outlines the history of dresses during the Victorian era and styles like crinolines and bustles. Finally, it provides details on the history of trousers and different types like jeans and harem pants.
Each person is their own world, containing many different worlds within. Some of the worlds that make up each individual include their gender, language, religion, emotions, nationality, profession, marital status, hobbies, family, and more. There are over 3000 languages spoken globally and nearly 20 major world religions, showing how diverse and divided the human experience can be. Each of these attributes and characteristics defines a unique world that contributes to individual identities and shapes how people experience the world differently.
Tables allow organizing data on a webpage in a uniform way and are used to display groups of words, images, and links within a page rather than for full page layout. The <table> tag defines a table with optional width and border attributes, <tr> adds rows, and <td> identifies individual cells to divide the available space into columns. Table headers <th> are used to define special header cells in the first row. Proper syntax nests all opening and closing tags.
The anchor element <a> is used to create three types of links: external links to other websites, internal links to other pages on the same website, and bookmarks to different sections within the same page. The href attribute specifies the link target, and the target attribute can open it in a new tab. For external links, the full URL is used. For internal links, the file name is used. Bookmarks use #name links between two <a> elements with matching name attributes.
The document describes different types of eco-friendly houses that utilize solar energy and are designed to be energy efficient and in harmony with nature. Some key points:
1) One house has a conservatory roof that acts as a solar panel to generate electricity and helps warm the house in winter by capturing heat from the sun.
2) Another house is dome shaped and made of a durable engineered Styrofoam material. It is energy efficient and can withstand natural disasters.
3) An ecohab is meant for cold climates and aims to minimize carbon footprint and provide affordable housing.
XHTML is a stricter version of HTML that helps pages look identical across browsers. A basic XHTML document includes the DOCTYPE at the top, elements written in lowercase and nested properly with opening and closing tags. White space and formatting does not affect rendering, so code can be organized for readability.
The Latvian Comenius team discusses the pros and cons of offshore oil drilling. They acknowledge that oil drilling could create new jobs and boost the economy through cheaper gasoline and reduced oil imports. However, they argue that oil drilling risks environmental hazards like disturbing wildlife habitats, air and water pollution, and destroyed coastal areas. It could also cause health problems for people. Instead of oil drilling, the team believes the EU should invest in renewable energy sources like wind, solar, water, and biomass to avoid environmental damage.
The document analyzes the magazine REAL SIMPLE, which targets young to middle-aged women. It focuses on providing practical solutions for everyday challenges across categories like food, home, beauty, holidays, health, and work. The magazine's slogan is "Life made easy" and "Life made easier, everyday." The analysis compares layouts across issues from 2009, examining elements like fonts, headings, images, and basic page structure. Standard page types include a quotation, facts list, and table of contents. Emphasis is placed on strategic design elements to guide readers through the content.
This document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and explains how it is used to control formatting and presentation of HTML elements. It describes the three methods for applying CSS rules - inline, internal and external stylesheets - and how the "cascading" principle resolves conflicts between them by prioritizing inline styles highest. Key CSS concepts like selectors, properties and values are defined, and examples are provided of setting text, background and other stylistic properties.
Luminare, Inc is a web design firm that has outlined goals for its five year technology plan including integrating its computers through networking, revamping its telephone system, and creating computerized and interactive classrooms connected to other hospitals and colleges through two-way video and audio.
This document is a geology field assignment that explores the Oakhurst, California region. It discusses the geology, plants, animals and human history of the area. Oakhurst is located in the Sierra Nevada foothills and is a gateway to Yosemite National Park. The document describes the various rock types found in the region like igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It also summarizes the plant and animal life, including trees, deer, and mountain lions. Finally, it discusses the native peoples who originally inhabited the area and how the landscape has changed over time.
Recycling and sorting waste is not widely practiced in Latvia, especially in Daugavpils. However, schools participate in environmental projects organized by companies focused on sustainability issues. Students at Shpogy Secondary School received diplomas for collecting batteries and juice cartons for recycling, and helped beautify their country by planting trees and reducing waste.
This document summarizes the various tax benefits for ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) in the UK, which are defined as vehicles emitting less than 75g of CO2 per km. It outlines several tax benefits that apply to all ULEV users, such as exemption from fuel duty for electric vehicles, and lower vehicle excise duty rates for zero emission vehicles. It also details additional tax benefits that apply specifically to business users of ULEVs, such as lower company car tax rates and exemption from van benefit charge for zero emission vans.
Feasibility analysis of electric vehicles in IndiaSushovan Bej
This document provides an overview of electric vehicles in India. It discusses the history and growth of EVs globally and in India. Key points include: the electric vehicle market is expected to grow significantly in India due to rising fuel costs and pollution; the government's National Electric Mobility Mission Plan aims to increase EV sales to 6-7 million annually by 2020 to reduce oil imports and air pollution; and development of charging infrastructure is important to drive increased EV adoption. Challenges for electric vehicles in India include high purchase prices compared to gasoline vehicles and limited charging infrastructure.
Electric Vehicles - Reducing Ontario's Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Plug'n Dr...Josh Tzventarny
This document analyzes five scenarios for electric vehicle adoption in Ontario and estimates the resulting greenhouse gas emission reductions and economic impacts. The most aggressive scenario, with a 100% annual increase in EV sales until 2020, could result in over 1.4 million EVs on the road by 2050 reducing emissions by 119 megatons and saving consumers $57 billion in fuel costs. Even more moderate growth scenarios show significant emissions reductions and savings, demonstrating that accelerating EV adoption is one of Ontario's best opportunities to meet its climate targets in a cost-effective way.
Testing of the gasoline ethanol blends in carburetor type spark ignition engineIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that tested gasoline-ethanol blends in a carburetor type spark ignition engine. The study tested blends with 0-50% ethanol in 5% increments. Results showed that a 20% ethanol blend performed best, increasing brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption, while decreasing CO, HC, and NOx emissions. CO2 emissions increased with ethanol content. It was concluded that ethanol blending improves engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions when used in carburetor engines, with a 20% ethanol blend performing the best.
Each person is their own world, containing many different worlds within. Some of the worlds that make up each individual include their gender, language, religion, emotions, nationality, profession, marital status, hobbies, family, and more. There are over 3000 languages spoken globally and nearly 20 major world religions, showing how diverse and divided the human experience can be. Each of these attributes and characteristics defines a unique world that contributes to individual identities and shapes how people experience the world differently.
Tables allow organizing data on a webpage in a uniform way and are used to display groups of words, images, and links within a page rather than for full page layout. The <table> tag defines a table with optional width and border attributes, <tr> adds rows, and <td> identifies individual cells to divide the available space into columns. Table headers <th> are used to define special header cells in the first row. Proper syntax nests all opening and closing tags.
The anchor element <a> is used to create three types of links: external links to other websites, internal links to other pages on the same website, and bookmarks to different sections within the same page. The href attribute specifies the link target, and the target attribute can open it in a new tab. For external links, the full URL is used. For internal links, the file name is used. Bookmarks use #name links between two <a> elements with matching name attributes.
The document describes different types of eco-friendly houses that utilize solar energy and are designed to be energy efficient and in harmony with nature. Some key points:
1) One house has a conservatory roof that acts as a solar panel to generate electricity and helps warm the house in winter by capturing heat from the sun.
2) Another house is dome shaped and made of a durable engineered Styrofoam material. It is energy efficient and can withstand natural disasters.
3) An ecohab is meant for cold climates and aims to minimize carbon footprint and provide affordable housing.
XHTML is a stricter version of HTML that helps pages look identical across browsers. A basic XHTML document includes the DOCTYPE at the top, elements written in lowercase and nested properly with opening and closing tags. White space and formatting does not affect rendering, so code can be organized for readability.
The Latvian Comenius team discusses the pros and cons of offshore oil drilling. They acknowledge that oil drilling could create new jobs and boost the economy through cheaper gasoline and reduced oil imports. However, they argue that oil drilling risks environmental hazards like disturbing wildlife habitats, air and water pollution, and destroyed coastal areas. It could also cause health problems for people. Instead of oil drilling, the team believes the EU should invest in renewable energy sources like wind, solar, water, and biomass to avoid environmental damage.
The document analyzes the magazine REAL SIMPLE, which targets young to middle-aged women. It focuses on providing practical solutions for everyday challenges across categories like food, home, beauty, holidays, health, and work. The magazine's slogan is "Life made easy" and "Life made easier, everyday." The analysis compares layouts across issues from 2009, examining elements like fonts, headings, images, and basic page structure. Standard page types include a quotation, facts list, and table of contents. Emphasis is placed on strategic design elements to guide readers through the content.
This document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and explains how it is used to control formatting and presentation of HTML elements. It describes the three methods for applying CSS rules - inline, internal and external stylesheets - and how the "cascading" principle resolves conflicts between them by prioritizing inline styles highest. Key CSS concepts like selectors, properties and values are defined, and examples are provided of setting text, background and other stylistic properties.
Luminare, Inc is a web design firm that has outlined goals for its five year technology plan including integrating its computers through networking, revamping its telephone system, and creating computerized and interactive classrooms connected to other hospitals and colleges through two-way video and audio.
This document is a geology field assignment that explores the Oakhurst, California region. It discusses the geology, plants, animals and human history of the area. Oakhurst is located in the Sierra Nevada foothills and is a gateway to Yosemite National Park. The document describes the various rock types found in the region like igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It also summarizes the plant and animal life, including trees, deer, and mountain lions. Finally, it discusses the native peoples who originally inhabited the area and how the landscape has changed over time.
Recycling and sorting waste is not widely practiced in Latvia, especially in Daugavpils. However, schools participate in environmental projects organized by companies focused on sustainability issues. Students at Shpogy Secondary School received diplomas for collecting batteries and juice cartons for recycling, and helped beautify their country by planting trees and reducing waste.
This document summarizes the various tax benefits for ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) in the UK, which are defined as vehicles emitting less than 75g of CO2 per km. It outlines several tax benefits that apply to all ULEV users, such as exemption from fuel duty for electric vehicles, and lower vehicle excise duty rates for zero emission vehicles. It also details additional tax benefits that apply specifically to business users of ULEVs, such as lower company car tax rates and exemption from van benefit charge for zero emission vans.
Feasibility analysis of electric vehicles in IndiaSushovan Bej
This document provides an overview of electric vehicles in India. It discusses the history and growth of EVs globally and in India. Key points include: the electric vehicle market is expected to grow significantly in India due to rising fuel costs and pollution; the government's National Electric Mobility Mission Plan aims to increase EV sales to 6-7 million annually by 2020 to reduce oil imports and air pollution; and development of charging infrastructure is important to drive increased EV adoption. Challenges for electric vehicles in India include high purchase prices compared to gasoline vehicles and limited charging infrastructure.
Electric Vehicles - Reducing Ontario's Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Plug'n Dr...Josh Tzventarny
This document analyzes five scenarios for electric vehicle adoption in Ontario and estimates the resulting greenhouse gas emission reductions and economic impacts. The most aggressive scenario, with a 100% annual increase in EV sales until 2020, could result in over 1.4 million EVs on the road by 2050 reducing emissions by 119 megatons and saving consumers $57 billion in fuel costs. Even more moderate growth scenarios show significant emissions reductions and savings, demonstrating that accelerating EV adoption is one of Ontario's best opportunities to meet its climate targets in a cost-effective way.
Testing of the gasoline ethanol blends in carburetor type spark ignition engineIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that tested gasoline-ethanol blends in a carburetor type spark ignition engine. The study tested blends with 0-50% ethanol in 5% increments. Results showed that a 20% ethanol blend performed best, increasing brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption, while decreasing CO, HC, and NOx emissions. CO2 emissions increased with ethanol content. It was concluded that ethanol blending improves engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions when used in carburetor engines, with a 20% ethanol blend performing the best.
Testing of the gasoline ethanol blends in carburetor type spark ignition engineIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that tested gasoline-ethanol blends in a carburetor type spark ignition engine. The study tested blends with 0-50% ethanol in 5% increments. Test results showed that blending increased brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption, while decreasing CO, HC, and NOx emissions and increasing CO2 emissions. A 20% ethanol blend provided the best results for all measured parameters at all loads. The document provides details on the experimental setup, testing methodology, calculations of performance parameters, and discussion of results showing trends in parameters like fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and efficiencies with changing ethanol content and load.
Performance and Emission Analysis of Petrol Engine Fueled with Ethanol and Bu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a petrol engine fueled with gasoline blended with ethanol and butanol at various concentrations. Six fuel blends were tested: E10, E20, E30, B10, B20 and B30. The fuels were tested in a single cylinder two-stroke petrol engine rig under varying load conditions. The engine's brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions were measured and compared across the different fuels. The goal was to evaluate butanol as a potential alternative fuel to ethanol that could be used in existing vehicle engines without modifications.
1) The document describes research optimizing the specific fuel consumption (SFC) of a single cylinder SI engine fueled with petrol-ethanol blends using response surface methodology.
2) Experiments were conducted varying the compression ratio, ethanol blend ratio (5-15%), and engine load (1-9 Nm). The SFC was measured for 15 experimental runs based on a Box-Behnken design.
3) A second-order polynomial model was developed to predict SFC as a function of the variables. The model showed good agreement with experimental data based on R-squared and RMSE values.
Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Converted Electric Vehicle Using Forwa...IRJET Journal
This document presents a MATLAB/Simulink model developed to estimate the energy consumption and range of an electric vehicle converted from a safari vehicle. The model integrates subsystems for powertrain, motor, vehicle dynamics, driver control, and battery. It is used to select motor power and gear ratio for desired performance. Simulation results show errors in estimated starting torque and battery state of charge compared to experimental data, likely due to unmodeled losses and battery intricacies. The model provides a method to validate conversion specifications and make design decisions before prototyping.
Selection of powertrain for vehicle is depends upon vehicle type & application of vehicle. To achieve performance of vehicle, engine torque at maximum revolutions, Transmission ratio, Axle ratio & tire plays important role. In order to understand vehicle performance in theoretical calculation there should be proper selection of power train aggregates. All these aggregates technically will evaluate the actual vehicle performances. For example, trucks are seldom run at their rated maximum speed. In fact, they are usually operated with engine speed at maximum torque or at the speed where fuel consumption is minimized. In climbing hills, there may be occasions when the engine revolution is raised to its maximum to produce the maximum horsepower; however, the most efficient method of operation is to use the range of engine speed, which maximizes torque. If an engine's speed range, producing maximum torque, is extremely narrow, a slight increase of rpm will cause a substantial loss of power and sign of poor performance characteristic. In other words, engines with high maximum torque and horsepower are not necessarily the most "powerful engine." Factors other than the maximum values of the torque and horsepower must be evaluated in determining the practical performance of engines. Furthermore, a high performance engine must be combined with the correct transmission and differential in order to produce the desired running performance. It is necessary to understand the factors affecting its ease of operations. This Paper tells how to integrate powertrain and judge performance of vehicle according to application and type of vehicle by reading performance curves and calculation
The document discusses motor vehicle valuation. It defines motor vehicle valuation as estimating the worth of a motor vehicle. Vehicle valuation is important as motor vehicles are widely used for transportation. The value of a vehicle is affected by factors like age, mileage, engine/transmission condition, body condition, tires, maintenance history and functionality of accessories. The document provides an example to calculate the valuation factor and value of a vehicle using the weighted average method where these factors are assigned weights and grades.
The use of blend methanol at High Compression Ratio in spark-ignition engineijsrd.com
it can be obviously seen the world's fossil fuel reserves are limited. It is well known those passenger vehicles are dependent on fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. The fossil fuel used in passenger vehicles induces the air pollution, acid rains, build-up of carbon dioxide and crude oil; petroleum product will become very scarce and costly. Hence, there is a progressively interest related with using non-fossil sources in vehicles. Especially, the alcohol fuels (methanol, ethanol etc.) have been showed good candidates as alternative fuels for the vehicles equipped with SI. In this experimental study, the effect of methanol (30% and 40%) with gasoline (70% and 60%) tested to measure the performance and emission of 4- cylinder spark ignition multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) engine. The tests with/without methanol blends and increase compression ratio 8.8:1 to 11:1 were performed on a rope belt dynamometer while running the engine at speed 1500 rpm at different varying engine load. In these tests measure engine performance parameters like engine torque, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emission. After experimental investigations to measure engine power increase 10.6%, brake specific fuel consumption decrease 4.2%, brake thermal efficiency increase and exhaust gas emission is decrease with use of methanol blend fuel with gasoline.
- The automobile sector in India is divided into four segments: commercial vehicles, passenger cars, three-wheelers, and two-wheelers. Two-wheelers and passenger vehicles dominate domestic demand.
- India is the 4th largest automobile market globally and the 7th largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles. The market is segmented with both domestic and international brands present.
- Domestic automobile production and exports have grown steadily in recent years. Electric vehicles are expected to gain more popularity due to stricter emission standards and government incentives promoting cleaner transportation. Major automakers are committing to introducing electric models in India.
Driving cycle development for Kuala Terengganu city using k-means methodIJECEIAES
Driving cycle plays a vital role in the production and evaluating the performance of the vehicle. Driving cycle is a representative speed-time profile of driving behavior of specific region or city. Many countries has developed their own driving cycle such as United State of America, United Kingdom, India, China, Ireland, Slovenia, Singapore, and many more. The objectives of this paper are to characterize and develop driving cycle of Kuala Terengganu city at 8.00 a.m. along five different routes using k-means method, to analyze fuel rate and emissions using the driving cycle developed and to compare the fuel rate and emissions with conventional engine vehicles, parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and single split-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The methodology involves three major steps which are route selection, data collection using on-road measurement method and driving cycle development using k-means method. Matrix Laboratory software (MATLAB) has been used as the computer program platform in order to produce the best driving cycle and Vehicle System Simulation Tool Development (AUTONOMIE) software has been used to analyze fuel rate and gas emission. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, Route C and single spilt-mode PHEV powertrain used and emit least amount of fuel and emissions.
India has launched initiatives like the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 to promote electric vehicles (EVs) and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The government aims to have only EVs on the road by 2030. EVs include all-electric vehicles that run only on batteries as well as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that have both electric and combustion engines. Challenges include developing charging infrastructure and managing the grid integration of EVs, establishing domestic battery manufacturing facilities, and clarifying regulations. Companies are working to set up charging stations while the government is procuring EVs for its fleet. EVs are expected to become more affordable and adoption to increase with supportive policies.
1) The document discusses a feasibility study on improving vehicle fuel efficiency in Hanoi, Vietnam through introducing an Eco-Drive Management System (EMS) using smartphones to taxis.
2) Rapid motorization in Hanoi has led to a 10-fold increase in taxis over 10 years. Smartphones have also become popular, making EMS feasible.
3) The study aims to develop an EMS for taxis, conduct eco-driving training, and design a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme for emissions reductions under a bilateral offset mechanism.
The document discusses measures proposed by the Hong Kong government to enhance road safety and reduce minibus accidents, which frequently result from speeding. The government plans to introduce speed limiters, black boxes, and mandatory training for new drivers. However, some argue these measures do not address the root causes of accidents: the salary structure that incentivizes speeding and some drivers' attitudes. Alternative solutions proposed include adjusting salary structures, installing external indicator lights, increasing passenger responsibility, and strengthening penalties. A combination of measures is needed to effectively solve the complex issues.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF CAR TECHNOLOGY ON CO EMISSIONS AND BENEFITS OF UPDATIN...IAEME Publication
This research compares CO emissions of old and new technology vehicles using field test. Benefits of replacement old passenger cars with new ones are estimated. Two representative cars are considered in field tests. Three factors are considered in the comparison; speed, Revolution per minutes (RPM), and relative humidity. Using mobile vehicle emission detector, more than 1000 readings are taken for each vehicle. Analysis proves that CO emissions from old technology vehicles are much more than that from new ones.
Pedoman ini menetapkan ketentuan perhitungan kapasitas dan kinerja lalu lintas untuk Simpang, meliputi kapasitas Simpang, derajat kejenuhan, tundaan, dan peluang antrian untuk Simpang-3 dan Simpang-4 di perkotaan. Acuan utamanya adalah Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No.19 Tahun 2011 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Jalan."
Dokumen ini membahas ketentuan perhitungan kapasitas Simpang APILL untuk perencanaan dan evaluasi kinerja lalu lintas, mencakup penetapan waktu isyarat, kapasitas, dan kinerja lalu lintas seperti derajat kejenuhan, tundaan, panjang antrian, dan rasio kendaraan berhenti untuk Simpang APILL 3 dan 4 lengan di perkotaan dan semi perkotaan. Acuan yang digunakan adalah Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ketentuan perhitungan kapasitas jalan bebas hambatan, meliputi definisi istilah, ruang lingkup, acuan normatif, ketentuan umum dan teknis perhitungan kapasitas, serta prosedur analisis kapasitas."
Dokumen tersebut membahas validasi hubungan antara International Roughness Index (IRI) dengan Nilai Kerusakan (NK) pada jalan tol Surabaya-Gempol. Studi ini bertujuan membuat model hubungan yang lebih akurat dibanding penelitian sebelumnya karena nilai validitas yang rendah. Dilakukan analisis faktor dan korelasi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan yang berpengaruh terhadap IRI, kemudian dibangun model hubungan secara
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Data Control Language.pptx Data Control Language.pptx
Fstpt 15-solo-english
1. Proposed Vehicle Weighing Factor Value to be Implemented for
Determination of Vehicle Tax Rate, VTR (Case study: Province of East Java,
Indonesia)
By:
Anak Agung Gde Kartika
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Email: a.agung.kartika@gmail.com
Hera Widyastuti
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Wahju Herijanto
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Susi Wilujeng
Lecturer of Environmental
Engineering ITS Surabaya
Cahya Buana
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Catur Arif Prastyanto
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Budi Rahardjo
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Istiar
Lecturer of Civil Eng. ITS Surabaya
Aldila Riana Prabawati
Post Graduate Student of
Transportation Engineering and
Management, Civil Engineering ITS
Abstract
Vehicle Tax Rate, VTR (Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor, PKB), in all provinces of Indonesia are collected based on
Permendagri (Ministry of Internal Affair) 23/2011 in which weighing factor of heavy vehicle is stated as 1.3 with no
explanation where this value come from as well as how this value is determined. Meanwhile, it is required to
calculate the weighing factor based on both Equivalent Damage Factor (EDF) and emission of specified type of
vehicle.
This paper is trying to propose the value of weighing factor for heavy vehicle in more accountable as well as
considering both EDF and emission produced by specific type of vehicle. The result of this paper is that the value of
weighing factor of heavy vehicle is summarized based on the wheel configuration, emission of its engine and age of
vehicle.
Keyword: Vehicle Tax Rate, VTR (Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor, PKB), EDF, emission, East Java.
I. BACKGROUND
Vehicle Tax Rate (VTR) is one of the potential sources in several provinces in Indonesia. This is
because of some reasons one of them which that the number of vehicles registered tend to
increases year by year. Province of East Java is one of the province gain high amount of money
from this type of tax. As the illustration, in 2010 East Java has collected around IDR 4 Trillions
which is counted 58.8% of total Pure-Regional Tax, PRT, (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, PAD)
coming from VTR. Furthermore this amount will tend to increase since the number of vehicle
registered is getting bigger and bigger each year.
2. Although this tax has contributed significantly to the Pure-Regional Tax, in 2011, The
Government of East Java has increased the percentage of VTR into 15%. The main goals of this
policy are both to increase the amount of VTR collected and to reduce the growth of vehicle in
East Java.
According to the Regulation of Ministry of Internal Affair (Permendagri) No. 23/2011 regarding
“Penghitungan Dasar Pengenaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan
Bermotor”, weight factor of VTR should be applied based on these following factors including
the impact of vehicle to the road deterioration and its engine emission produced. However, in
that regulation, the vehicle weighing factors are defined into two types including light vehicle
with weight factor of 1.0 and heavy vehicle with weight factor of 1.3. This can be assumed that
the main factors including damage factor and emission of vehicle are less taken into account.
Furthermore, the value of 1.3 which has been applied widely for years cannot be explained
where that number is coming from and how it is assessed.
In 2011, Dispenda (Regional Income Agency) of East Java pointed LPP-ITS to evaluate the
weighing factor of heavy vehicle so that it can be applied to the VTR collecting system within
the East Java Province. However, the result still needed to be extended by corresponding with
the type of vehicle existed as indicated in Governor Regulation (Pergub. Jatim) No 61/2011.
Therefore, this paper will calculate the reasonable value of weighing factor for heavy vehicle
instead of just determined by 1.3. Moreover, the weighting factor value will also consider both
the EDF and engine emission of specified vehicle. Furthermore the type of vehicle will also be
synchronized with the type of vehicle listen in East Java Governor Regulation No 61/2011.
II. GOALS
The goals of this paper are as follow:
1. To calculate weighing factor of heavy vehicles in correspond with the impact of them to the
pavement, in this case their EDF value.
2. To calculate weighing factor of heavy vehicles in correspond with their engine emission
produced.
3. To calculate weight factor of heavy vehicles based on combination of both the impact to
pavement and engine emission.
III. SCOPE
The scope of this paper is as follow:
1. Engine emissions of vehicle data are based on opacity of heavy vehicle which is measured in
vehicle testing unit of Surabaya Municipality.
2. The weight of each type of heavy vehicle is measured in vehicle scaling unit in 17 scaling
unit around East Java.
3. IV. METHODOLOGY
Figure 1 showing the methodology to carry on this research. Some data are needed to be
collected. In general data that needed to collected are as follow:
a. Data of Weight of Vehicle
The data of vehicle weight are obtained from Ministry of Transportation which is measured in 17
vehicle scaling unit around East Java Province. The calculation of EDF of each type of heavy
vehicle is based on the Bina Marga formula (Bina Marga 1987) as shown in Table 1.
Figure 1. Methodology
Equivalent Damage Factor (E) is calculated by using this following formula:
Where: P = axle load (Ton)
4. Triple axle wheel unit will need different coefficient compared to tandem axle; it needs
coefficient 0.016 instead of 0.086.
Table 1. Axle configuration, type of Vehicle and their Equivalent Damage Factor (EDF)
Source: Bina Marga, 1987.
It is obvious that the EDF value is depend on the axle’s configuration as well as the weight of the
vehicle itself.
5. In real condition, small change is found in terms of the number of type of heavy vehicle. In fact,
there are seven types of vehicle in terms of wheel configuration is found during the survey in
vehicle scaling unit including one with triple axles. Those are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Heavy Vehicle Classification
b. Data of Vehicle’s Emission
Engine emissions of vehicle data are based on opacity of heavy vehicle which is measured in
vehicle testing unit of Surabaya Municipality.
V. ANALYSIS
5.1. Analysis of Weighing Factor Based on the Relative Value of Engine Emission.
Analysis of weighing factor based on the relative value of engine emission is carried out into two
assumption, firstly is taking average opacity of each type vehicle found as the relative
comparison (Table 3) and secondly is taking maximum opacity found as the relative comparison
(Table 4).
5.2. Analysis of Weighing Factor Based on the Relative Value of EDF
The calculation of EDF based on the load distribution as indicated in Table 1 with the load as
obtained during the load survey at the vehicle scaling unit. The result of the analysis of weighing
factor based on the relative value of EDF is presented in Table 5. These values is obtained by
comparing the average EDF value of each vehicle with that belongs to Passenger car (Light
Vehicle).
6. Table 3. Weighing Factor based on relative average opacity.
1 Truck Type 1 Umum Diesel Fuel 43.56
2 Truck Type 1 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 29.83 0.60 1.25
3 Truck Type 1 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 53.67 0.77 1.25
4 Truck Type 1 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 48.47 0.69 1.25
5 Truck Type 2 Umum Diesel Fuel 40.34
6 Truck Type 2 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 29.87 0.60 1.25
7 Truck Type 2 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 39.63 0.57 1.25
8 Truck Type 2 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 47.76 0.68 1.25
9 Truck Type 3 Umum Diesel Fuel 45.50
10 Truck Type 3 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 24.50 0.49 1.25
11 Truck Type 3 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 32.67 0.47 1.25
12 Truck Type 3 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 66.40 0.95 1.25
13 Truck Type 4 Umum Diesel Fuel 18.50
14 Truck Type 4 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 - 0.00 1.25
15 Truck Type 4 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 12.00 0.17 1.25
16 Truck Type 4 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 25.00 0.36 1.25
17 Truck Type 5 Umum Diesel Fuel 40.88
18 Truck Type 5 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 26.09 0.52 1.25
19 Truck Type 5 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 53.60 0.77 1.25
20 Truck Type 5 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 50.80 0.73 1.25
21 Truck Type 6 Umum Diesel Fuel 40.88
22 Truck Type 6 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 0.00 0.00 1.25
23 Truck Type 6 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 0.00 0.00 1.25
24 Truck Type 6 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 54.00 0.77 1.25
25 Truck Type 7 Umum Diesel Fuel 25.50
26 Truck Type 7 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 15.00 0.30 1.25
27 Truck Type 7 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 0.00 0.00 1.25
28 Truck Type 7 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 36.00 0.51 1.25
Emission
Relative
Factor
Avg Opacity
Standaard
Quality
ComparisonNo Vehicle Type Age Fuel
7. Table 4. Weighing Factor based on relative maximum opacity.
Table 5. Weighing Factor based on the Relative Value of EDF with the Passenger Car
(Light vehicle) as the Baseline.
5.3. Analysis of Weighing Factor Based on the Combination between EDF and Engine
Emission
This analysis combine the two previous analyses in order to have both EDF and emission
produced are taken into account. However, in order to have both of them are fairly adopted, the
weighing factor of each factor need to be defined before. According to previous study (Dispenda
Jatim and LPPM ITS, 2011) it is stated that the weighing proportion of EDF and Emission is
56% and 44% respectively. This proportion is used in order to calculate the weighing factor of
heavy vehicle based on the combination between EDF and Emission.
1 Truck Type 1 Umum Diesel Fuel 94.00
2 Truck Type 1 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 82.00 1.64 2.05
3 Truck Type 1 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 93.00 1.33 1.66
4 Truck Type 1 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 94.00 1.34 1.68
5 Truck Type 2 Umum Diesel Fuel 94.50
6 Truck Type 2 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 85.00 1.70 2.13
7 Truck Type 2 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 93.00 1.33 1.66
8 Truck Type 2 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 94.50 1.35 1.69
9 Truck Type 3 Umum Diesel Fuel 94.00
10 Truck Type 3 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 35.00 0.70 1.25
11 Truck Type 3 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 35.00 0.50 1.25
12 Truck Type 3 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 94.00 1.34 1.68
13 Truck Type 4 Umum Diesel Fuel 25.00
14 Truck Type 4 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 - 0.00 1.25
15 Truck Type 4 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 12.00 0.17 1.25
16 Truck Type 4 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 25.00 0.36 1.25
17 Truck Type 5 Umum Diesel Fuel 87.00
18 Truck Type 5 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 72.00 1.44 1.80
19 Truck Type 5 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 87.00 1.24 1.55
20 Truck Type 5 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 86.00 1.23 1.54
21 Truck Type 6 Umum Diesel Fuel 91.00
22 Truck Type 6 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 - 0.00 1.25
23 Truck Type 6 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 - 0.00 1.25
24 Truck Type 6 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 91.00 1.30 1.63
25 Truck Type 7 Umum Diesel Fuel 36.00
26 Truck Type 7 < 5 Tahun Diesel Fuel 50 15.00 0.30 1.25
27 Truck Type 7 5 - 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 - 0.00 1.25
28 Truck Type 7 > 10 Tahun Diesel Fuel 70 36.00 0.51 1.25
Max
Opacity
Comparison
Emission
Relative
No Vehicle Type Age Fuel
Standaard
Quality
PC Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7
EDF (avg) 0.0004 0.008076 0.263792 4.221052 34.00278 0.016368 0.186136 0.296604
Relative EDF value 1.00 20.19 659.48 10552.63 85006.96 40.92 465.34 741.51
Vehicle Classification
8. The result of the analysis can be summarized in Table 6 and Table 7. Table 6 shows the result
based on the combination of EDF with average opacity while Table 7 show the result based on
the combination of EDF with maximum opacity of vehicle.
Table 6. The Calculation of Weighing Factor (combination of EDF and Average Opacity)
EDF Emission
0.56 0.44
1 T.1.2L
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
2 T.1.2H
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
3 T.1.22
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
4 T1.2+2.2
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
5 T.1.2-22
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
6 T.1.22-22
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
7 T.1.22-222
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
1.44
1.44
1.51
1.51
1.51
Weighing Factor
1.44
1.44
1.44
2.00
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.0087
Calibration
EDF
relative
Relative
emission
Factor
EDF
Relative
Relative
Weighing
Factor
1.0002
1.0078
1.1241
2.0000
1.0005
1.0055
10552.63
85006.96
40.92
465.34
1.44
1.44
2.00
2.00
741.51
No Vehicle Type Age
20.19
659.48
9. Table 7. Calculation of Weighing Factor (combination of EDF and Maximum Opacity)
VI. Conclusion and Recommendation
It is concluded that the weighing factor of VTR for heavy vehicle are varied depend on the age,
axle configuration as well as the emission produced. Table 8 summarizes each type of vehicle.
EDF Emission
0.56 0.44
1 T.1.2L
0-5th 2.05 5.20
6-10th 1.66 3.64
>10th 1.68 3.71
2 T.1.2H
0-5th 2.13 5.50
6-10th 1.66 3.64
>10th 1.69 3.75
3 T.1.22
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.68 3.71
4 T1.2+2.2
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
5 T.1.2-22
0-5th 1.80 4.20
6-10th 1.55 3.21
>10th 1.54 3.14
6 T.1.22-22
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.63 3.50
7 T.1.22-222
0-5th 1.25 2.00
6-10th 1.25 2.00
>10th 1.25 2.00
Minimum 20.19 1.25
Maximum 85006.96 2.13
Desired Coeff maxs(N) 2
Baseline 1 1
EDF PC baseline/Emission PC baseline 0.0004 1
No Vehicle Type Age
EDF
Relative
Relative
Weighing
Factor
659.48 1.0078
2.98
2.17
2.21
Calibration Weighing Factor
EDF
relative
Relative
emission
Factor
20.19 1.0002
2.85
2.16
2.19
2.00
2.00
2.00
10552.63 1.1241
1.51
1.51
2.26
741.51 1.0087
1.44
1.44
1.44
465.34 1.0055
1.44
1.44
2.10
40.92 1.0005
2.41
1.97
1.94
85006.96 2.0000
10. By looking at the configuration of the wheel axle as well as the registered type of vehicle, the
weighing factor can be chosen accordingly in order synchronize the right coefficient.
Table 8. Proposed weighing factor for VTR
VII. REFERENCES
Bina Marga (1987) Metode analisa komponen
Dispenda Jatim dan LPPM ITS (2011) Study Penelitian Bobot Kendaraan Bermotor
Sebagai Dasar Pengenaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor.
Avg
Opacity
Max
Opacity
1 T.1.2L
0-5th 1.44 2.85
6-10th 1.44 2.16
>10th 1.44 2.19
2 T.1.2H
0-5th 1.44 2.98
6-10th 1.44 2.17
>10th 1.44 2.21
3 T.1.22
0-5th 1.51 1.51
6-10th 1.51 1.51
>10th 1.51 2.26
4 T1.2+2.2
0-5th 2.00 2.00
6-10th 2.00 2.00
>10th 2.00 2.00
5 T.1.2-22
0-5th 1.44 2.41
6-10th 1.44 1.97
>10th 1.44 1.94
6 T.1.22-22
0-5th 1.44 1.44
6-10th 1.44 1.44
>10th 1.44 2.10
7 T.1.22-222
0-5th 1.44 1.44
6-10th 1.44 1.44
>10th 1.44 1.44
Weighing Factor
No
Vehicle
Type
Age