FSA Chapter 10
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This document discusses key financial metrics for analyzing a company from an investor's perspective. It defines book value, market value, earnings per share, dividends per share, earning yield, dividend yield, payout ratio, price to earnings ratio, and market to book ratio. These metrics help investors evaluate a company's profitability, valuation, and potential returns.
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The document discusses key aspects of accounting standard AS-20 on earnings per share (EPS). It defines EPS and provides the basic formula to calculate it. It also explains how to calculate weighted average number of shares and discusses potential equity shares like convertible instruments, options and warrants that are considered for computing diluted EPS. The document provides examples and compares EPS calculation under AS-20, IAS-33 and US GAAP.
As 20
This document discusses the calculation and presentation of earnings per share (EPS) according to Accounting Standard 20. It defines EPS as a financial ratio that shows earnings available to each equity shareholder. It discusses the applicability of EPS reporting and the types of EPS - basic and diluted. The key steps for calculating basic EPS are determining net profit attributable to equity shareholders and calculating the weighted average number of outstanding shares. Right shares must be adjusted for in the weighted average calculation. Diluted EPS factors in additional shares that could be issued from convertible instruments.
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Earnings per share (EPS) is a company's profit divided by its number of outstanding shares. It is important for investors to compare EPS over time and between companies. EPS can be basic, diluted, or adjusted for events like stock splits, bonus issues, or rights issues that affect the number of shares. Diluted EPS accounts for potentially dilutive securities like convertible debt. Anti-dilutive effects that increase EPS are ignored. Worked examples show how to calculate EPS under different circumstances.
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This document discusses the calculation of diluted earnings per share (EPS) which takes into account potential ordinary shares that could dilute basic EPS. Potential ordinary shares include convertible bonds, convertible preference shares, and share options/warrants. Diluted EPS is calculated using an "as if" scenario where these instruments are converted/exercised. Dilution occurs when diluted EPS is lower than basic EPS. The document provides examples calculating basic and diluted EPS for a company with convertible bonds outstanding and bonds that were converted during the period.
Earning Per Share
Earnings per share (EPS) is used by investors and analysts to assess a company's performance over time and compare it to other companies. Basic EPS is calculated by taking net profit minus preferred dividends and dividing it by the number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS accounts for all convertible securities like options, warrants, and preferred shares that could be converted to common stock, which would result in more shares outstanding and a lower EPS. Calculating diluted EPS involves determining the equivalent number of common shares those convertible securities represent and adjusting the net profit and share count accordingly.
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- IAS 33 provides guidance on calculating and presenting earnings per share (EPS) and related disclosures. It covers entities with publicly traded ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares.
- EPS is calculated as basic EPS and diluted EPS. Basic EPS uses existing shares, while diluted EPS shows what EPS would be if all potential ordinary shares were issued. Both require adjusting earnings and shares for various factors.
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One of the most popular questions when it comes to buying a car is 'Kitna deti hai’? (What is the mileage of the car?)
Fuel efficiency of the car is calculated as the distance travelled per unit volume of fuel consumed. During heavy traffic the mileage of your car will be less as compared to empty roads. It all depends on the distance covered per litre of fuel consumed. Therefore, the distance travelled is a major factor defining the fuel efficiency of a car.
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2. The Intrinsic Value or Net Asset Value of shares is also calculated, which is the net worth per share based on assets, liabilities, and number of shares.
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- Earnings per share (EPS) is a key metric used to evaluate companies but has limitations as a measure for evaluating investments.
- While EPS indicates a company's profit per share, it does not provide information about debt levels or cash flow and can be manipulated.
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This document contains an interactive presentation program for teaching reading based on the "Star English" textbook. It includes slides with words containing different vowel sounds like [i:], [e], [ai], [əu], and consonant sounds like [ð], [ʃ], [ŋ]. The slides show example words with the sounds and ask students to identify words that match or don't match the sounds. It aims to help students learn to read English by focusing on individual sounds.
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- The standard outlines specific calculation methods and requires disclosure of EPS amounts and reconciliations in the financial statements.
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Earnings per share is a ratio used to analyze financial statements that measures a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. International Accounting Standard 33 was developed to standardize how earnings per share is calculated, which involves dividing earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares. There are two types of earnings per share calculations: basic EPS uses actual ordinary shares outstanding, while diluted EPS considers additional potential ordinary shares, such as from convertible bonds, that would lower per-share earnings if converted.
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This presentation provides an overview of IAS 33 on earnings per share. It discusses the scope and objectives of IAS 33, outlines how to calculate EPS for simple and complex capital structures, and how to determine dilution effects. It covers topics such as contingent issuances, contracts that can be settled in shares or cash, and no antidilution. Disclosure requirements are also summarized, including presenting basic and diluted EPS on the income statement and notes. US GAAP requirements for EPS are largely similar to IFRS.
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One of the most popular questions when it comes to buying a car is 'Kitna deti hai’? (What is the mileage of the car?)
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Better fuel efficiency would mean higher savings while poor fuel efficiency would mean higher expenses.
Here's a lesson on ‘Earnings Per Share’ that draws a similar analogy to fuel efficiency
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This document outlines Accounting Standard 20 on Earnings Per Share (EPS). It discusses the objective of EPS, which is to provide information on earnings available to each shareholder and improve comparability between companies and reporting periods. It applies to companies with equity shares listed on a stock exchange. EPS is calculated as basic EPS and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net profit by the weighted average number of outstanding shares. Various adjustments are discussed, such as rights issues. Diluted EPS incorporates potential dilutive shares.
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Rodel S. Navarro; Business and Management Consultant and Director; RODEL SY NAVARRO BUSINESS CONSULTANCY SERVICES (RSNBCS); Tel / Mobile: +63-0917-7333563; Email: rsnbcs@gmail.com http://www.slideshare.net/RSNBCS; (About Business Laws compilation): http://www.slideshare.net/BUSINESSLAWSPH Email: businesslawsph@gmail.com; https://www.slideshare.net/FREEPDFBOOKSPH; freepdfbooksph@gmail.com; www.slideshare.net/IFRS_IAS_COMPILED; ifrs.ias.compiled@gmail.com
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Final ppt
Its all about whether to solely rely on Earning Per Share (EPS) as a measure to indicate a company's financial position.
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This document contains summaries of key financial concepts from Chapters 3 and 5. Chapter 3 defines earnings per share and dividends per share using net income and number of shares outstanding. It also explains that net working capital equals current assets minus current liabilities, and that the balance sheet equation is assets equal liabilities plus owners' equity. Chapter 5 covers simple and compound interest, including formulas for future value, present value, and intraperiod compounding. It also defines discounting, methods for solving for number of periods and interest rate, and the rule of 72 for doubling time. The chapter compares annual percentage rate to effective annual rate.
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The document discusses departmental accounting for businesses with multiple departments or trading activities. It notes that large businesses often divide work into departments that each deal with different goods or services. Departmental accounting involves maintaining separate financial records for each department so their individual performance and results can be analyzed. This allows businesses to evaluate department performance, calculate manager compensation accurately, and make decisions about expanding or dropping departments. The document outlines two methods for departmental accounting - maintaining completely separate books for each department or keeping departmental accounts in columnar form within collective books. It also discusses the principles, advantages and objectives of departmental accounting.
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This document defines and provides the formulas for several financial ratios used to analyze a company's liquidity, capital structure, asset management efficiency, profitability, and market value. The ratios include the current ratio, acid test ratio, average collection period, accounts receivable turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio, debt ratio, times interest earned ratio, total asset turnover ratio, fixed asset turnover ratio, gross profit margin, operating profit margin, net profit margin, operating return on assets, return on equity, price/earnings ratio, and market-to-book ratio.
Valuation of shares
1. There are three main methods for valuing shares: the Earning Capitalization Method (ECM), Dividend Capitalization Method, and Fair Value Method.
2. The Intrinsic Value or Net Asset Value of shares is also calculated, which is the net worth per share based on assets, liabilities, and number of shares.
3. The Fair Value Method values shares for controlling interest by taking the intrinsic value and adding the value from the ECM. This comprehensive approach incorporates both asset-based and earnings-based valuation.
Basfin1: Quiz 1 reviewer
The document summarizes key financial statements including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of shareholders' equity. It then discusses three uses of financial statements in management: financial statement analysis to assess performance, financial control to monitor operations, and financial forecasting or planning. Finally, it outlines various ratios used to analyze a company's liquidity, capital structure, asset management efficiency, profitability, and market value.
Types of leverages ben
1. Leverage is an investment technique where a small amount of capital is used to control a larger investment through the use of borrowed funds. This gives an investor significant financial influence.
2. There are three types of leverage: operating, financial, and composite. Operating leverage measures how operating profits change with sales. Financial leverage shows how taxable income changes with operating profits. Composite leverage considers the overall impact of changes in sales on taxable income.
3. Operating leverage exists when a firm has fixed costs that do not vary with output. It depends on fixed costs, contribution margin, and sales volume. Financial leverage is caused by the use of fixed interest debt. Composite leverage combines the effects of operating and financial leverage
Final ppt
- Earnings per share (EPS) is a key metric used to evaluate companies but has limitations as a measure for evaluating investments.
- While EPS indicates a company's profit per share, it does not provide information about debt levels or cash flow and can be manipulated.
- A better approach is to look at multiple valuation ratios together, including the P/E ratio, price to earnings growth ratio, price to book value ratio, dividend payout ratio and dividend yield to get a fuller picture of a company's performance and strength.
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FSA Chapter 9
This document discusses financial statement analysis and profitability metrics. It defines return on assets (ROA) as earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) divided by total assets, and return on equity (ROE) as earnings before taxes (EBT) divided by equity. ROA can be broken down into profit margin and asset turnover. Added value is also discussed, which is the wealth generated by a company through its operations. Financial leverage is the effect of increased debt on ROE, such that higher debt levels can amplify changes in ROA into larger changes in ROE.
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Introduction to company analysis# About the company in short # vision # mission # Standard of conduct # culture and value # business model of HUL # swot analysis of HUL # management and its structure # corporate culture and governance # Quantitative analysis of the company- HUL: Earnings, Leverages, competitive edge, production efficiency, financial analysis, cash flow, Ratio analysis # conclusion
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The document discusses factors that influence company earnings and forecasts. It covers topics like earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), return on assets, earnings per share, leverage, tax rates, fixed and variable costs, and break-even point analysis. Management efficiency, sales, capacity utilization, debt financing, asset value, and tax planning can all impact EBIT. Forecasting individual revenue and expense items provides the most scientific way to estimate earnings, which are used along with the price-earnings ratio to deduce expected market price. Companies with large capital investments have high break-even points and longer periods to generate profits and dividends.
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