The document is a practice exam for a Physics I Honors course covering forces and Newton's laws of motion. It contains 26 multiple choice and free response questions testing concepts such as force, Newton's laws, friction, and kinematics. The questions provide scenarios involving objects like cars, boxes, and balloons, asking test-takers to identify forces, draw free-body diagrams, and solve for quantities like acceleration and force given mass and other values.
Gravity The importance of Gravity What if gravity is too strongMervatMarji2
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Directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects being attracted
Inversely proportional to the distance between the objects squared
đš=đş đ1đ2/đ^2
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the conver
hssb0704t_powerpresDNA as the transforming principle..pptMervatMarji2
Â
Avery performed three tests on the transforming principle.
Qualitative tests showed DNA was present.
Chemical tests showed the chemical makeup matched that of DNA.
Enzyme tests showed only DNA-degrading enzymes stopped transformation.
Hershey and Chase confirm that DNA is the genetic material.
⢠Hershey and Chase studied viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages.
⢠Tagged DNA was found inside the bacteria; tagged proteins were not.
ďź They tagged viral DNA with radioactive phosphorus.
ďź They tagged viral proteins with radioactive sulfur.
⢠Tagged DNA was found inside the bacteria; tagged proteins were not.
DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
⢠DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides.
⢠DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has three parts:
â a phosphate group.
â a deoxyribose sugar.
â a nitrogen-containing base
The nitrogen containing bases are the only difference in the four nucleotides.
Scientists Chargaff found:
The amount of adenine in an organism approximately equals the amount of thymine.
The amount of cytosine roughly equals the amount of guanine.
A=T C=G Chargaffâs rules
Watson and Crick determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA by building models.
They realized that DNA is a double helix that is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside
with bases on the inside.
Watson and Crickâs discovery was built on the work of Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff.
â Franklinâs x-ray images suggested that DNA was a double helix of even width.
â Chargaffâs rules stated that A=T and C=G.
Nucleotides always pair in the same way.
The base-pairing rules show how nucleotides always pair up in DNA.
Because a pyrimidine (single ring) pairs with a purine (double ring), the helix has a uniform width.
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
The backbone is connected by covalent bonds.
The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
⢠Proteins carry out the process of replication.
⢠DNA serves only as a template.
⢠Enzymes and other proteins do the actual work of replication.
â Enzymes unzip the double helix.
â Free-floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the template strand.
â DNA polymerase enzymes bond the nucleotides together to form the double helix.
â Polymerase enzymes form covalent bonds between nucleotides in the new strand.
â Two new molecules of DNA are formed, each with an original strand and a newly formed strand.
⢠Two new molecules of DNA are formed, each with an original strand and a newly formed strand.
⢠DNA replication is semiconservative.
Replication is fast and accurate.
DNA replication starts at many points in eukaryotic chromosomes.
There are many origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes.
DNA polymerases can find and correct err
Gravity The importance of Gravity What if gravity is too strongMervatMarji2
Â
Directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects being attracted
Inversely proportional to the distance between the objects squared
đš=đş đ1đ2/đ^2
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the converse of a theorem is found by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of a theorem is not automatically true. If it is true, it must be stated as a postulate or proved as a separate theorem.
Refer to the diagram. Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
What ifâŚ? Suppose the corresponding angles on the opposite side of the boat measure (4y â 2)° and (3y + 6)°, where
y = 8. Show that the oars are parallel
A line through the center of the horizontal piece forms a transversal to pieces A and B.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
Use the given information and the theorems you have learned to show that r || s.
A carpenter is creating a woodwork pattern and wants two long pieces to be parallel. mď1= (8x + 20)° and mď2 = (2x + 10)°. If x = 15, show that pieces A and B are parallel.
Recall that the conver
hssb0704t_powerpresDNA as the transforming principle..pptMervatMarji2
Â
Avery performed three tests on the transforming principle.
Qualitative tests showed DNA was present.
Chemical tests showed the chemical makeup matched that of DNA.
Enzyme tests showed only DNA-degrading enzymes stopped transformation.
Hershey and Chase confirm that DNA is the genetic material.
⢠Hershey and Chase studied viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages.
⢠Tagged DNA was found inside the bacteria; tagged proteins were not.
ďź They tagged viral DNA with radioactive phosphorus.
ďź They tagged viral proteins with radioactive sulfur.
⢠Tagged DNA was found inside the bacteria; tagged proteins were not.
DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
⢠DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides.
⢠DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has three parts:
â a phosphate group.
â a deoxyribose sugar.
â a nitrogen-containing base
The nitrogen containing bases are the only difference in the four nucleotides.
Scientists Chargaff found:
The amount of adenine in an organism approximately equals the amount of thymine.
The amount of cytosine roughly equals the amount of guanine.
A=T C=G Chargaffâs rules
Watson and Crick determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA by building models.
They realized that DNA is a double helix that is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside
with bases on the inside.
Watson and Crickâs discovery was built on the work of Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff.
â Franklinâs x-ray images suggested that DNA was a double helix of even width.
â Chargaffâs rules stated that A=T and C=G.
Nucleotides always pair in the same way.
The base-pairing rules show how nucleotides always pair up in DNA.
Because a pyrimidine (single ring) pairs with a purine (double ring), the helix has a uniform width.
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
The backbone is connected by covalent bonds.
The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
⢠Proteins carry out the process of replication.
⢠DNA serves only as a template.
⢠Enzymes and other proteins do the actual work of replication.
â Enzymes unzip the double helix.
â Free-floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the template strand.
â DNA polymerase enzymes bond the nucleotides together to form the double helix.
â Polymerase enzymes form covalent bonds between nucleotides in the new strand.
â Two new molecules of DNA are formed, each with an original strand and a newly formed strand.
⢠Two new molecules of DNA are formed, each with an original strand and a newly formed strand.
⢠DNA replication is semiconservative.
Replication is fast and accurate.
DNA replication starts at many points in eukaryotic chromosomes.
There are many origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes.
DNA polymerases can find and correct err
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leberâs hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendelâs laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four Oâclock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Ioâs Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Ioâs surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Ioâs trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Ioâs surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.SĂŠrgio Sacani
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASAâs Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly AlfvĂŠnic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5âau
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4â0.9Âľm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8â5Âľm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3Âľm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as â 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5Ď, r = 0.1â circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 â 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 âź 50 â 200pc, stellar masses of
Mâ âź 107â108Mâ, and star-formation rates of SFR âź 0.1â1 Mâ yrâ1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of âź 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The systemâs unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
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As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical marketâwhich includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutritionâis growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Lateral Ventricles.pdf very easy good diagrams comprehensive
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Free Body Diagrams Quiz Physics.pdf
1. Physics I Honors: Chapter 4 Practice Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following statements does not describe force?
a. Force causes objects at rest to remain stationary.
b. Force causes objects to start moving.
c. Force causes objects to stop moving.
d. Force causes objects to change direction.
____ 2. Which of the following forces arises from direct physical contact between two objects?
a. gravitational force c. contact force
b. fundamental force d. field force
____ 3. A newton is equivalent to which of the following quantities?
a. kg c. kgâ˘m/s
b. kgâ˘m/s d. kgâ˘(m/s)
____ 4. A free-body diagram represents all of the following except
a. the object. c. forces exerted by the object.
b. forces as vectors. d. forces exerted on the object.
____ 5. The free-body diagram shown above represents a car being pulled by a towing cable. In the diagram, the 5800
N force is
a. the gravitational force acting on the car.
b. the backward force the road exerts on the car.
c. the upward force the road exerts on the car.
d. the force exerted by the towing cable on the car.
2. ____ 6. In the free-body diagram shown above, which of the following is the gravitational force acting on the
balloon?
a. 1520 N c. 4050 N
b. 950 N d. 5120 N
____ 7. A waitperson carrying a tray with a platter on it tips the tray at an angle of 12° below the horizontal. If the
gravitational force on the platter is 5.0 N, what is the magnitude of the force parallel to the tray that tends to
cause the platter to slide down the tray? (Disregard friction.)
a. 0.42 N c. 4.9 N
b. 1.0 N d. 5.0 N
____ 8. A car goes forward along a level road at constant velocity. The additional force needed to bring the car into
equilibrium is
a. greater than the normal force times the coefficient of static friction.
b. equal to the normal force times the coefficient of static friction.
c. the normal force times the coefficient of kinetic friction.
d. zero.
____ 9. If a nonzero net force is acting on an object, then the object is definitely
a. at rest. c. being accelerated.
b. moving with a constant velocity. d. losing mass.
____ 10. Which statement about the acceleration of an object is correct?
a. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external force acting on the
object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
b. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external force acting on the
object and directly proportional to the mass of the object.
c. The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the net external force acting on
the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
d. The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the net external force acting on
the object and directly proportional to the mass of the object.
____ 11. An airplane with a mass of 1.20 Ă 10 kg tows a glider with a mass of 0.60 Ă 10 kg. If the airplane
propellers provide a net forward thrust of 3.60 Ă 10 N, what is the acceleration of the glider? (Disregard
friction.)
a. 2.00 m/s c. 6.00 m/s
b. 3.00 m/s d. 9.80 m/s
____ 12. Which are simultaneous equal but opposite forces resulting from the interaction of two objects?
a. net external forces c. gravitational forces
b. field forces d. action-reaction pairs
3. ____ 13. Newtonâs third law of motion involves the interactions of
a. one object and one force. c. two object and one force.
b. one object and two forces. d. two objects and two forces.
____ 14. A hammer drives a nail into a piece of wood. Identify an action-reaction pair in this situation.
a. The nail exerts a force on the hammer; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.
b. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the wood exerts a force on the nail.
c. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the nail exerts a force on the hammer.
d. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.
____ 15. A leaf falls from a tree and lands on the sidewalk. Identify an action-reaction pair in this situation.
a. The tree exerts a force on the leaf; the sidewalk exerts a force on the leaf.
b. The leaf exerts a force on the sidewalk; the sidewalk exerts a force on the leaf.
c. The leaf exerts a force on the tree; the sidewalk exerts a force on the leaf.
d. The leaf exerts a force on the sidewalk; the tree exerts a force on the leaf.
____ 16. As a basketball player starts to jump for a rebound, the player begins to move upward faster and faster until
his shoes leave the floor. At the moment the player begins to jump, the force of the floor on the shoes is
a. greater than the playerâs weight.
b. equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the playerâs weight.
c. less than the playerâs weight.
d. zero.
Short Answer
17. Construct a free-body diagram of a car being towed.
18. Describe the forces acting on a car as it moves along a level highway in still air at a constant speed.
19. For an object to be in equilibrium, the net force acting on the object must have what value?
20. Why does it require much less force to accelerate a low-mass object than it does to accelerate a high-mass
object the same amount?
Problem
21. A package of meteorological instruments is held aloft by a balloon that exerts an upward force of 634 N on
the package. The gravitational force acting on the package is 365 N. What is the magnitude and direction of
the force that a scientist must exert on a rope attached to package to keep it from rising?
22. A sled is pulled at a constant velocity across a horizontal snow surface. If a force of 8.0 Ă 10 N is being
applied to the sled rope at an angle of 53° to the ground, what is the magnitude of the force of friction of the
snow acting on the sled?
23. A wagon having a mass of 32 kg is accelerated across a level road at 0.50 m/s . What net force acts on the
wagon horizontally?
24. A three-tiered birthday cake rests on a table. From bottom to top, the cake tiers weigh 16 N, 9 N, and 5 N,
respectively. What is the magnitude and direction of the normal force acting on the second tier?
25. A row of six 1.0 N wooden blocks is being pushed across a tabletop at a constant speed by a toy tractor that
exerts a force of 1.3 N on the row. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the wooden blocks and
the tabletop?
4. 26. A factory worker pushes a box filled with used pinball machine parts across the factory floor at constant
speed. The crate and its contents have a mass of 24 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction for the surfaces
in contact is 0.26. What force does the factory worker exert on the box? (g = 9.81 m/s )
5. Physics I Honors: Chapter 4 Practice Exam
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A DIF: I OBJ: 4-1.1
2. ANS: C DIF: I OBJ: 4-1.1
3. ANS: C DIF: I OBJ: 4-1.1
4. ANS: C DIF: I OBJ: 4-1.2
5. ANS: D DIF: II OBJ: 4-1.2
6. ANS: C DIF: II OBJ: 4-1.2
7. ANS: B
Given
F = 5.0 N
ι = 12°
Solution
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-2.2
8. ANS: D DIF: I OBJ: 4-2.3
9. ANS: C DIF: I OBJ: 4-3.1
10. ANS: A DIF: I OBJ: 4-3.1
11. ANS: A
Given
Fnet = 3.60 Ă 10 N, forward
m = 1.20 Ă 10 kg
m = 0.60 Ă 10 kg
Solution
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-3.2
12. ANS: D DIF: I OBJ: 4-3.3
13. ANS: D DIF: I OBJ: 4-3.3
14. ANS: C DIF: II OBJ: 4-3.3
15. ANS: B DIF: II OBJ: 4-3.3
16. ANS: A DIF: II OBJ: 4-3.3
6. SHORT ANSWER
17. ANS:
DIF: II OBJ: 4-1.2
18. ANS:
Gravity exerts a downward force on the car that is balanced by the normal force of the road acting upward on
the car. The carâs forward motion is opposed by the friction between the road and the tires and by the
resistance of the air. The sum of these opposing forces is balanced by an equal and opposite force exerted by
the engine and applied to the tires, where the road exerts a reaction force that is directed forward.
DIF: II OBJ: 4-2.2
19. ANS:
zero
DIF: I OBJ: 4-2.3
20. ANS:
An object with smaller mass has less inertia, or tendency to maintain velocity, than does an object with
greater mass.
DIF: II OBJ: 4-3.1
PROBLEM
21. ANS:
269 N, downward
Given
Fballoon,y = 634 N, upward
Fg = 365 N, downward
Solution
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-2.3
22. ANS:
7. 48 N
Given
F = 8.0 Ă 10 N
θ = 53°
Solution
DIF: IIIB OBJ: 4-2.3
23. ANS:
16 N
Given
m = 32 kg
ax = 0.50 m/s
Solution
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-3.2
24. ANS:
14 N, upward
Given
F = 5 N
F = 9 N
F = 16 N
Solution
Fn = 14 N, upward
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-4.2
25. ANS:
0.22
Given
F = (6)(1.0 N) = 6.0 N
F = 1.3 N
Solution
8. DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-4.4
26. ANS:
62 N
Given
m = 24 kg
Îź = 0.26
g = 9.81 m/s
Solution
DIF: IIIA OBJ: 4-4.4
