LepNet is a project to digitize over 1.7 million specimen records of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) from North America. It aims to image over 214,000 specimens to create species exemplars representing at least 60% of known North American Lepidoptera species. An additional goal is to create a smartphone app called LepSnap to allow volunteers to image additional specimens and add over 160,000 images to the database. The project is facilitated by Symbiota and aims to create a large, openly accessible database to facilitate research on the evolution and ecology of Lepidoptera.
Cobb, Seltmann, Franz. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data...taxonbytes
Cobb et al. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change. Presented at https://www.idigbio.org/content/collections-21st-century-symposium Program available at https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/index.php/Collections_for_the_21st_Century
This project has developed new ‘Smart’ Spore and Insect Trapping systems for target(s) surveillance referenced to GPS and climate data (temp, wind direction, RH), or wireless data transmission for improved compatibility to rapid and accurate downstream diagnostics.
The aim of this project is to develop multispecies trapping strategies for the stored grain beetles Rhyzopertha dominica, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae (all established in Australia) and Prostephanus truncatus (not present in Australia) in outdoor environments.
Bio-banking and metagenomics platforms for pathogen discoveryILRI
Poster by George Michuki, Absolomon Kihara, Alan Orth, Cecilia Rumberia and Steve Kemp presented at the Sequencing, Finishing and Analysis in the Future (SFAF) meeting held at Santa Fe, New Mexico, 29-31 May 2013.
An optimal surveillance system is one where the available sampling resources are allocated in time and space to best achieve detection objectives. This project aims to develop new methods for designing optimal surveillance systems that properly account for organism biology, trapping or sampling efficacy, and landscape characteristics.
Cobb, Seltmann, Franz. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data...taxonbytes
Cobb et al. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change. Presented at https://www.idigbio.org/content/collections-21st-century-symposium Program available at https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/index.php/Collections_for_the_21st_Century
This project has developed new ‘Smart’ Spore and Insect Trapping systems for target(s) surveillance referenced to GPS and climate data (temp, wind direction, RH), or wireless data transmission for improved compatibility to rapid and accurate downstream diagnostics.
The aim of this project is to develop multispecies trapping strategies for the stored grain beetles Rhyzopertha dominica, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae (all established in Australia) and Prostephanus truncatus (not present in Australia) in outdoor environments.
Bio-banking and metagenomics platforms for pathogen discoveryILRI
Poster by George Michuki, Absolomon Kihara, Alan Orth, Cecilia Rumberia and Steve Kemp presented at the Sequencing, Finishing and Analysis in the Future (SFAF) meeting held at Santa Fe, New Mexico, 29-31 May 2013.
An optimal surveillance system is one where the available sampling resources are allocated in time and space to best achieve detection objectives. This project aims to develop new methods for designing optimal surveillance systems that properly account for organism biology, trapping or sampling efficacy, and landscape characteristics.
Perspectives of predictive epidemiology and early warning systems for Rift Va...ILRI
Presentation by MO Nanyingi, GM Muchemi, SG Kiama, SM Thumbi and B Bett at the 47th annual scientific conference of the Kenya Veterinary Association held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24-27 April 2013.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
NGS由来ゲノムワイド多型マーカ構築とそのRDF注釈情報統合化
Eli Kaminuma1, Takatomo Fujisawa1, Takako Mochizuki1, Yasuhiro Tanizawa1, Atsushi Toyoda1, Asao Fujiyama1, Nori Kurata1, Tokurou Shimizu2, Yasukazu Nakamura1
1. National Institute of Genetics, SOKENDAI ; 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan.
2. National Institute of Fruit Tree Science; Okitsu Nakacho, Shizuoka, 424-0292 Japan
BMB2013(第36回日本分子生物学会年会)ポスター 3P-0030
2013年12月5日
There are many facets involved in the development of biogeochemical markers that might enable the geographic origins of fruit flies to be distinguished.
we show the results of the spanish wells with truffle spores on the mycelium concentration in soil, different dosis and different times of inoculation. We as well monitor how this affect biodiversity on the brule on productive truffle trees
Here we update on fundamental systematics research and the development of new potential molecular markers to improve on current diagnostic tools. We also link these molecular tools with physical specimens, documenting the range of morphological variation so as to greatly improve on available resources used to diagnose fruit flies in the field as part of surveillance programmes or at border interceptions.
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
A presentation prepared by Zeyaur R. Khan and Charles A.O. Midega for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
A presentation prepared by Yaima Arocha and John Lucas for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
The scale of the Australia’s grains industry means that monitoring for incursions of pests is a costly and challenging activity. This project utilises advanced technologies for surveillance of grains pests in the field, including smart spore and insect traps, and use of image sensors.
Three years of research to date have produced a robust, accurate, sensitive detection tool and sampling strategy for the damaging apid-like insect phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), which feeds on grapevine roots
WGS in public health microbiology - MDU/VIDRL Seminar - wed 17 jun 2015Torsten Seemann
How genomics is changing the practice of public health microbiology. The role of whole genome sequencing as the "one true assay". Another powerful tool for the epidemiologist.
we show the results of our own research on how inoculation of bacteria strains and organic compounds affect or sometimes boost black truffle mycelium in nursery and plantations.
Design and Evaluation of a 16S-based Integrated Solution to Study Bacterial D...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Analysis of 16S sequences in microbial population gives a quick
overview of the community diversity, and is usually performed by
sequencing one or two hypervariable regions (V-regions), amplified as
a single PCR fragment. We developed a novel approach that
simultaneously surveys multiple V-regions in the 16S rRNA gene.
In the first design of PCR primer pools, V-regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8 and 9
were amplified as individual ~200 bp fragments in one of two multiplex
PCR reactions. The primer pools covered more than 80% of
eubacterial sequences in the GreenGenes database with perfectly
matched primer pairs for at least one V-region. In the second design
the amplicons are longer, 300-400 bp products
Our data analysis module classified individual reads by mapping them
to the reference libraries. With the fragment sizes ranging between
200-300 bp, we achieved genus and, in many cases species level
taxonomic resolution, depending on which V-region was evaluated.
In an initial evaluation we tested the complete solution (PCR
chemistry, workflow and software) on two mock community DNA
samples from BEI resources: HM-276D - even community, with equal
number of rDNA copies for each of 20 bacteria and HM-783D–
staggered community, with variable number of rDNA copies. Several
V-regions were amplified by our primer sets for every organism in the
mock community. The number of classified reads in each V-region for
every bacteria depended on both primer complementarity and ease of
sequencing of the particular PCR fragment. Our approach of
interrogating multiple V-regions and sequencing both amplicon strands
improved system robustness against both PCR and sequencing
biases.
The 314v2 chip achieved 1:100 sensitivity (detection of all organisms
in the staggered mock community with 10^4-10^6 rDNA copies/PCR).
Increased sequencing depth (316v2 and 318v2) increased sensitivity
to 1:1000 (10^3-10^6 rDNA copies).
With human samples, we observed no PCR cross-reactivity with
human DNA and were able to identify and determine characteristic Vsignatures
of several important species. The signatures not only help
to increase the confidence in the organism presence and ID, but may
potentially enable strain differentiation.
Survey of multiple V-regions is useful in monitoring changes in the
microbial community composition
Rapid 16S Next Generation Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in Polymicr...Thermo Fisher Scientific
In order to identify prokaryotic species in a sample, it is often necessary to culture the sample for hours or days to increase the abundance of bacteria to assayable levels. This often precludes the rapid identification of infectious species.
Furthermore, some species are not easily culturable. We
have developed a facile research method for identifying
bacterial species by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on the
Ion Torrent platform. The Ion 16S™ Metagenomics Kit is
designed to PCR amplify the hypervariable regions of the 16S
gene of bacteria. We used this kit to construct libraries from
15 retrospective samples of synovial fluid with various
bacterial species either spiked in or present at collection.
Libraries were sequenced on the Ion PGM™ system and the
data analysis performed using the Ion Reporter™ workflow
which provides an automated analysis solution. Bacteria
present in the samples were correctly identified in samples
containing a single spiked-in species, mixed-species samples,
and in infected samples. Thus, the Ion Torrent™ platform
provides a mechanism for rapidly identifying bacteria that are
present in research samples without culturing.
10.02.19
Invited talk
Symposium #1816, Managing the Exaflood: Enhancing the Value of Networked Data for Science and Society
Title: Advancing the Metagenomics Revolution
San Diego, CA
Perspectives of predictive epidemiology and early warning systems for Rift Va...ILRI
Presentation by MO Nanyingi, GM Muchemi, SG Kiama, SM Thumbi and B Bett at the 47th annual scientific conference of the Kenya Veterinary Association held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24-27 April 2013.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
NGS由来ゲノムワイド多型マーカ構築とそのRDF注釈情報統合化
Eli Kaminuma1, Takatomo Fujisawa1, Takako Mochizuki1, Yasuhiro Tanizawa1, Atsushi Toyoda1, Asao Fujiyama1, Nori Kurata1, Tokurou Shimizu2, Yasukazu Nakamura1
1. National Institute of Genetics, SOKENDAI ; 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan.
2. National Institute of Fruit Tree Science; Okitsu Nakacho, Shizuoka, 424-0292 Japan
BMB2013(第36回日本分子生物学会年会)ポスター 3P-0030
2013年12月5日
There are many facets involved in the development of biogeochemical markers that might enable the geographic origins of fruit flies to be distinguished.
we show the results of the spanish wells with truffle spores on the mycelium concentration in soil, different dosis and different times of inoculation. We as well monitor how this affect biodiversity on the brule on productive truffle trees
Here we update on fundamental systematics research and the development of new potential molecular markers to improve on current diagnostic tools. We also link these molecular tools with physical specimens, documenting the range of morphological variation so as to greatly improve on available resources used to diagnose fruit flies in the field as part of surveillance programmes or at border interceptions.
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
A presentation prepared by Zeyaur R. Khan and Charles A.O. Midega for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
A presentation prepared by Yaima Arocha and John Lucas for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
The scale of the Australia’s grains industry means that monitoring for incursions of pests is a costly and challenging activity. This project utilises advanced technologies for surveillance of grains pests in the field, including smart spore and insect traps, and use of image sensors.
Three years of research to date have produced a robust, accurate, sensitive detection tool and sampling strategy for the damaging apid-like insect phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), which feeds on grapevine roots
WGS in public health microbiology - MDU/VIDRL Seminar - wed 17 jun 2015Torsten Seemann
How genomics is changing the practice of public health microbiology. The role of whole genome sequencing as the "one true assay". Another powerful tool for the epidemiologist.
we show the results of our own research on how inoculation of bacteria strains and organic compounds affect or sometimes boost black truffle mycelium in nursery and plantations.
Design and Evaluation of a 16S-based Integrated Solution to Study Bacterial D...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Analysis of 16S sequences in microbial population gives a quick
overview of the community diversity, and is usually performed by
sequencing one or two hypervariable regions (V-regions), amplified as
a single PCR fragment. We developed a novel approach that
simultaneously surveys multiple V-regions in the 16S rRNA gene.
In the first design of PCR primer pools, V-regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8 and 9
were amplified as individual ~200 bp fragments in one of two multiplex
PCR reactions. The primer pools covered more than 80% of
eubacterial sequences in the GreenGenes database with perfectly
matched primer pairs for at least one V-region. In the second design
the amplicons are longer, 300-400 bp products
Our data analysis module classified individual reads by mapping them
to the reference libraries. With the fragment sizes ranging between
200-300 bp, we achieved genus and, in many cases species level
taxonomic resolution, depending on which V-region was evaluated.
In an initial evaluation we tested the complete solution (PCR
chemistry, workflow and software) on two mock community DNA
samples from BEI resources: HM-276D - even community, with equal
number of rDNA copies for each of 20 bacteria and HM-783D–
staggered community, with variable number of rDNA copies. Several
V-regions were amplified by our primer sets for every organism in the
mock community. The number of classified reads in each V-region for
every bacteria depended on both primer complementarity and ease of
sequencing of the particular PCR fragment. Our approach of
interrogating multiple V-regions and sequencing both amplicon strands
improved system robustness against both PCR and sequencing
biases.
The 314v2 chip achieved 1:100 sensitivity (detection of all organisms
in the staggered mock community with 10^4-10^6 rDNA copies/PCR).
Increased sequencing depth (316v2 and 318v2) increased sensitivity
to 1:1000 (10^3-10^6 rDNA copies).
With human samples, we observed no PCR cross-reactivity with
human DNA and were able to identify and determine characteristic Vsignatures
of several important species. The signatures not only help
to increase the confidence in the organism presence and ID, but may
potentially enable strain differentiation.
Survey of multiple V-regions is useful in monitoring changes in the
microbial community composition
Rapid 16S Next Generation Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in Polymicr...Thermo Fisher Scientific
In order to identify prokaryotic species in a sample, it is often necessary to culture the sample for hours or days to increase the abundance of bacteria to assayable levels. This often precludes the rapid identification of infectious species.
Furthermore, some species are not easily culturable. We
have developed a facile research method for identifying
bacterial species by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on the
Ion Torrent platform. The Ion 16S™ Metagenomics Kit is
designed to PCR amplify the hypervariable regions of the 16S
gene of bacteria. We used this kit to construct libraries from
15 retrospective samples of synovial fluid with various
bacterial species either spiked in or present at collection.
Libraries were sequenced on the Ion PGM™ system and the
data analysis performed using the Ion Reporter™ workflow
which provides an automated analysis solution. Bacteria
present in the samples were correctly identified in samples
containing a single spiked-in species, mixed-species samples,
and in infected samples. Thus, the Ion Torrent™ platform
provides a mechanism for rapidly identifying bacteria that are
present in research samples without culturing.
10.02.19
Invited talk
Symposium #1816, Managing the Exaflood: Enhancing the Value of Networked Data for Science and Society
Title: Advancing the Metagenomics Revolution
San Diego, CA
Global patterns of insect diiversity, distribution and evolutionary distinctnessAlison Specht
The presentation of the CESAB group ACTIAS at the 2016 french ecology conference in the FRB-CESAB session "Using a treasury of knowledge to tackle complex ecological questions." Presenter: Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde
Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New CyberinfrastructureLarry Smarr
06.03.03
Invited Talk
School of Biological Sciences
University of California, Irvine
Title: Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New Cyberinfrastructure
Irvine, CA
Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of LifeLarry Smarr
07.06.07
Director's Colloquium
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Title: Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of Life
Los Alamos, NM
Building a Community Cyberinfrastructure to Support Marine Microbial Ecology ...Larry Smarr
06.09.15
Invited Talk
2006 Synthetic Biology Symposium
Aliso Creek Inn
Title: Building a Community Cyberinfrastructure to Support Marine Microbial Ecology Metagenomics
Laguna Beach, CA
De-centralized but global: Redesigning biodiversity data aggregation for impr...taxonbytes
Biodiversity data pose fundamental challenges for unification-based paradigms of data science. In particular, a hierarchical, backbone-driven approach to aggregating global biodiversity data tends to limit community engagement. Data quality, trust, fitness for use, and impact are similarly reduced. This presentation will outline an alternative, de-centralized design for aggregating biodiversity data globally. The design requires a coordinative approach to representing and reconciling evolving systematic perspectives, and further social but technologically mediated coordination between regionally and taxonomically constrained "communities of practice" (sensu Wenger, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1177/135050840072002). Important next steps in this direction include the development of use cases that quantify the benefits of a de-centralized biodiversity data aggregation - in terms of lowering costs to expert engagement, raising efficiency of curation, validating novel integration services, and improving reproducibility and provenance tracking across heterogenous data structures and portals.
Anzaldo franz 2017 ecn your daily weeviltaxonbytes
Slides of the presentation "#YourDailyWeevil - a story of modest but gratifying social media success", given at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Collections Network, November 05, 2017, Denver, Colorado.
Franz 2017 uiuc cirss non unitary syntheses of systematic knowledgetaxonbytes
Invited Presentation given at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign iSchool, Center for Informatics Research in Science and Scholarship, CIRSS Seminar, Friday, February 17, 2017.
Franz et al tdwg 2016 new developments for libraries of lifetaxonbytes
Franz et al. @ #TDWG16 - "New developments for the Libraries of Life project and app". Talk # 1138, Friday, December 09, 2016, 02:45 pm. Session Lightning Talks. See https://mbgserv18.mobot.org/ocs/index.php/tdwg/tdwg2016/schedConf/program
Franz sterner tdwg 2016 new power balance needed for trustworthy biodiversity...taxonbytes
View a video recording here: https://vimeo.com/195024485
Franz & Sterner @ #TDWG16 - "A new power balance is needed for trustworthy biodiversity data". Talk # 1134, Friday, December 09, 2016, 11:30 am. Session Contributed Papers 05: Data Gaps, Trust, Knowledge Acquisition. See https://mbgserv18.mobot.org/ocs/index.php/tdwg/tdwg2016/schedConf/program
Franz et al ice 2016 addressing the name meaning drift challenge in open ende...taxonbytes
Presentation for the Symposium: Building the Biodiversity Knowledge Graph for Insects – Components, Progress, and Challenges; 2016 XXV International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, FL – September 26, 2016 (#ICE2016). See https://esa.confex.com/esa/ice2016/meetingapp.cgi/Session/24482
Zhang et al ecn 2016 building an accessible weevil tissue collection for geno...taxonbytes
Poster describing the origin and function of the ASUHIC Weevil Tissue Collection (WTC), see tinyurl.com/weeviltissuecollection; presented at the 2016 Entomological Collections Network Meeting, September 23, 2016, Orlando, Florida. ECN website: http://ecnweb.org/
Franz et al evol 2016 aligning multipe incongruent phylogenies with the euler...taxonbytes
Lightning talk at iEvoBio 2016 (http://www.ievobio.org/), given on June 21, 2016, at Evolution Meetings in Austin, Texas. Brief overview of using Euler/X to align phylogenies. See https://github.com/EulerProject
Johnston ESA 2014 Trogloderus Sand Dune Speciationtaxonbytes
Andrew Johnston's presentation on Trogloderus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) systematics and speciation in Southwestern United States sand dune habitat, given at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Portland, OR. http://www.entsoc.org/entomology2014
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Franz et al tdwg 2016 introducing lep net
1. Introducing LepNet –
the Lepidoptera of North America Network
Please
@taxonbytes
Nico Franz1 & Anne Basham1
Neil Cobb2 & Benjamin Brandt2
1 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
2 Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
TDWG 2016 – Biodiversity Information Standards
December 09, 2016 – Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (#TDWG16)
@ http://www.slideshare.net/taxonbytes/Franz-et-al-tdwg-2016-introducing-lepnet
3. Project Goals
1,704,161 Total specimen records
214,705 Total specimens imaged
(1) Digitize 1.7 million adult specimens and 33,524
larval vial records, integrate >1 million existing
lepidopteran records, totaling 2.7 million
occurrence records.
(2) Produce high-resolution species exemplar
images for 81,000 specimens representing at least
60% of the 14,300+ North American Lepidoptera
species.
(3) (LepSnap) computer identification and
smartphone application for researcher volunteers
to image cataloged specimens and add >160,000
images beyond the high-resolution species
exemplars.
6. 80% of butterflies
70% of large moths (macros)
55% of small moths (micros)
LepSnap : Automated Identification of Taxa
6,870 North American species
Huge Potential for Identification from Images
• Engage & Augment Human experts
• Connect with citizen scientists in the
museum and the field (observations)
• How many Lepidoptera can be identified?
LepSnap