This document reviews research on using artificial intelligence to predict laser cutting processes. It discusses how laser cutting works and the main types of lasers used. It also provides an overview of artificial intelligence and its applications. The literature survey summarizes several studies that used artificial intelligence methods like neural networks to model and optimize laser cutting quality factors based on processing parameters. The conclusion is that laser power and cutting speed are important for quality, and artificial intelligence can help determine the best parameter combinations.
A Review on Laser marking by Nd-Yag Laser and Fiber Laserijsrd.com
Laser marking provides a unique combination of speed, permanence and versatility. Laser engraving is a manufacturing method for those applications where previously Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) was the only choice. Laser engraving technology removes material layer-by-layer and the thickness of layers is usually in the range of few microns. Also there is many types of laser machines are available in recent time. Therefore for Optimum Use of Laser energy it is necessary to optimum use of process parameters to get best marking speed, Quality. This review paper presents various important works on Laser marking and its parameters i.e. Width, Depth, Contrast of Marking.
Spectral analysis of remotely sensed images provide the required information accurately even for small
targets. Hence Hyperspectral imaging is being used which follows the technique of dividing images into
bands. These Hyperspectral images find their applications in agriculture, biomedical, marine analysis, oil
seeps detection etc. A Hyperspectral image contains many spectra, one for each individual point on the
sample’s surface and in this project the required target on the Hyperspectral image is going to be detected
and classified. Hyperspectral remote sensing image classification is a challenging problem because of its
high dimensional inputs, many class outputs and limited availability of reference data. Therefore some
powerful techniques to improve the accuracy of classification are required. The objective of our project is
to reduce the dimensionality of the Hyperspectral image using Principal Component Analysis followed by
classification using Neural Network. The project is to be implemented using MATLAB.
This paper compares two different techniques of iris recognition and explains the steps of extracting iris from eye image palette formation and conditioning of palette for matching. The focus of the paper is in finding the suitable method for iris recognition on the basis of recognition time, recognition rate, false detection rate, conditioning time, algorithm complexity, bulk detection, database handling. In this paper comparison has been performed two methods feature based and phase based recognition.
INSPECTION OF GFRP COMPOSITES BY MICROWAVE NDEjmicro
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites form a major structural part ofaerospace and defence
applications. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) plays an important role in assessing the quality and
health monitoring of FRP composite structures.Defect detection of FRPcomposite structures are by
different NDE techniques, such as ultrasonics, thermography, X-ray radiography. Depending on the type
of material, their characteristic features and accessibility of the test object etc. suitable techniquesare
employed. Microwave non-destructive evaluation (MWNDE) is an emerging NDE technique for
characterizing and inspecting dielectric structures. Microwave NDE finds application in the areas of
dielectric material characterization, determining thickness variation, defect detection and bond quality
inspection.Inspection of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by near-field reflection
microwave NDE technique is presented in this paper. GFRP composite with known inserted defects such
as inclusion and flat bottom holes are inspected to understand and establish Microwave NDE. Results of
inspected structures by swept frequency reflection microwave NDE technique in the frequency range 8.2-
12.4GHz (X-band) and 12.4-18GHz (Ku-band) respectively are presented. The position of the reflection
characteristic curve indicates the depth of the defect in the inspected structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
INSPECTION OF GFRP COMPOSITES BY MICROWAVE NDEjmicro
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites form a major structural part ofaerospace and defence applications. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) plays an important role in assessing the quality and health monitoring of FRP composite structures.Defect detection of FRPcomposite structures are by different NDE techniques, such as ultrasonics, thermography, X-ray radiography. Depending on the type of material, their characteristic features and accessibility of the test object etc. suitable techniquesare employed. Microwave non-destructive evaluation (MWNDE) is an emerging NDE technique for characterizing and inspecting dielectric structures. Microwave NDE finds application in the areas of dielectric material characterization, determining thickness variation, defect detection and bond quality inspection.Inspection of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by near-field reflection microwave NDE technique is presented in this paper. GFRP composite with known inserted defects such as inclusion and flat bottom holes are inspected to understand and establish Microwave NDE. Results of inspected structures by swept frequency reflection microwave NDE technique in the frequency range 8.2- 12.4GHz (X-band) and 12.4-18GHz (Ku-band) respectively are presented. The position of the reflection characteristic curve indicates the depth of the defect in the inspected structure.
A Review on Laser marking by Nd-Yag Laser and Fiber Laserijsrd.com
Laser marking provides a unique combination of speed, permanence and versatility. Laser engraving is a manufacturing method for those applications where previously Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) was the only choice. Laser engraving technology removes material layer-by-layer and the thickness of layers is usually in the range of few microns. Also there is many types of laser machines are available in recent time. Therefore for Optimum Use of Laser energy it is necessary to optimum use of process parameters to get best marking speed, Quality. This review paper presents various important works on Laser marking and its parameters i.e. Width, Depth, Contrast of Marking.
Spectral analysis of remotely sensed images provide the required information accurately even for small
targets. Hence Hyperspectral imaging is being used which follows the technique of dividing images into
bands. These Hyperspectral images find their applications in agriculture, biomedical, marine analysis, oil
seeps detection etc. A Hyperspectral image contains many spectra, one for each individual point on the
sample’s surface and in this project the required target on the Hyperspectral image is going to be detected
and classified. Hyperspectral remote sensing image classification is a challenging problem because of its
high dimensional inputs, many class outputs and limited availability of reference data. Therefore some
powerful techniques to improve the accuracy of classification are required. The objective of our project is
to reduce the dimensionality of the Hyperspectral image using Principal Component Analysis followed by
classification using Neural Network. The project is to be implemented using MATLAB.
This paper compares two different techniques of iris recognition and explains the steps of extracting iris from eye image palette formation and conditioning of palette for matching. The focus of the paper is in finding the suitable method for iris recognition on the basis of recognition time, recognition rate, false detection rate, conditioning time, algorithm complexity, bulk detection, database handling. In this paper comparison has been performed two methods feature based and phase based recognition.
INSPECTION OF GFRP COMPOSITES BY MICROWAVE NDEjmicro
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites form a major structural part ofaerospace and defence
applications. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) plays an important role in assessing the quality and
health monitoring of FRP composite structures.Defect detection of FRPcomposite structures are by
different NDE techniques, such as ultrasonics, thermography, X-ray radiography. Depending on the type
of material, their characteristic features and accessibility of the test object etc. suitable techniquesare
employed. Microwave non-destructive evaluation (MWNDE) is an emerging NDE technique for
characterizing and inspecting dielectric structures. Microwave NDE finds application in the areas of
dielectric material characterization, determining thickness variation, defect detection and bond quality
inspection.Inspection of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by near-field reflection
microwave NDE technique is presented in this paper. GFRP composite with known inserted defects such
as inclusion and flat bottom holes are inspected to understand and establish Microwave NDE. Results of
inspected structures by swept frequency reflection microwave NDE technique in the frequency range 8.2-
12.4GHz (X-band) and 12.4-18GHz (Ku-band) respectively are presented. The position of the reflection
characteristic curve indicates the depth of the defect in the inspected structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
INSPECTION OF GFRP COMPOSITES BY MICROWAVE NDEjmicro
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites form a major structural part ofaerospace and defence applications. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) plays an important role in assessing the quality and health monitoring of FRP composite structures.Defect detection of FRPcomposite structures are by different NDE techniques, such as ultrasonics, thermography, X-ray radiography. Depending on the type of material, their characteristic features and accessibility of the test object etc. suitable techniquesare employed. Microwave non-destructive evaluation (MWNDE) is an emerging NDE technique for characterizing and inspecting dielectric structures. Microwave NDE finds application in the areas of dielectric material characterization, determining thickness variation, defect detection and bond quality inspection.Inspection of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by near-field reflection microwave NDE technique is presented in this paper. GFRP composite with known inserted defects such as inclusion and flat bottom holes are inspected to understand and establish Microwave NDE. Results of inspected structures by swept frequency reflection microwave NDE technique in the frequency range 8.2- 12.4GHz (X-band) and 12.4-18GHz (Ku-band) respectively are presented. The position of the reflection characteristic curve indicates the depth of the defect in the inspected structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
System to convert 2 d x-ray image into 3-d x-ray image in dentistryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN ANN BASED BRAIN ABNORMALITY DETECTION USING MR IMAGEScscpconf
The Main purpose of this paper is to design, implement and evaluate a strong automatic diagnostic system that increases the accuracy of tumor diagnosis in brain using MR images.This presented work classifies the brain tissues as normal or abnormal automatically, usingcomputer vision. This saves lot of radiologist time to carryout monotonous repeated job. The
acquired MR images are processed using image preprocessing techniques. The preprocessed images are then segmented, and the various features are extracted. The extracted features are
fed to the artificial neural network as input that trains the network using error back propagation algorithm for correct decision making.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
System to convert 2 d x-ray image into 3-d x-ray image in dentistryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN ANN BASED BRAIN ABNORMALITY DETECTION USING MR IMAGEScscpconf
The Main purpose of this paper is to design, implement and evaluate a strong automatic diagnostic system that increases the accuracy of tumor diagnosis in brain using MR images.This presented work classifies the brain tissues as normal or abnormal automatically, usingcomputer vision. This saves lot of radiologist time to carryout monotonous repeated job. The
acquired MR images are processed using image preprocessing techniques. The preprocessed images are then segmented, and the various features are extracted. The extracted features are
fed to the artificial neural network as input that trains the network using error back propagation algorithm for correct decision making.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
A Review on Parametric Optimization of Laser Engraving using Fiber Laser on S...IJSRD
This Review Paper describes effects of laser Engraving on various materials by varying process parameters and by using different laser engraving machines. Laser Engraving is a non-conventional machining process for engraving/marking and it is a non-contact type process. Previously where only Electrical Discharge Machines were used, laser engraving and marking have replaced them due to a unique combination of speed and versatility. In Laser Engraving process material removal is done layer by layer and which is in the range of very few microns. This Review paper shows progress and research in the field of laser engraving process. Different types of laser machines such as Fiber Laser, CO2 laser, Nd: YAG Lasers are industrially used & available in recent time. Therefore for Optimum Use of Laser energy it is necessary to optimize process parameters to get best Quality Engraving/Markings. This paper deals with important progress work on laser engraving and its process parameters.
A Literature Review on Fiber Laser Cutting on Stainless Steel-304ijsrd.com
the recent up gradation of newer and high strength materials have made the machining task in fiber laser cutting is quite challenging. Thus for the optimum use of all the resources it is essential to make the required mechanical properties, accuracy and quality. This paper reviews the various notable works in field of Fiber Laser Cutting and magnifies on effect of machining parameters on strength, kerf width and surface roughness.
Parametric Investigation and Optimization of Co2 Laser Cutting process used f...Editor IJCATR
A laser uses amplified & stimulated radiation of light. Laser machine is a device which is used to generate & amplifies light. Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser machine is an electrical-optical device that produces coherent radiation. Simply put, a laser is a device that creates and amplifies a narrow, intense beam of coherent light. This paper reviews some of the experimental investigates different process parameter like cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, pulse frequency on hardox 400 material. Then the CO2 laser cutting experiment was made by using 8 mm thickness hardox 400 material. In this experiment work it is focused to establish relation of different process parameter on cut quality, which is decided by the surface roughness, kerf width, and perpendicularity.
Optimization of Force and Surface Roughness for Carbonized Steel in Turning P...IJERA Editor
These days one of the most important machining processes in industries is turning. Turning is affected by many
factors such as the cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut and geometry of cutting tool etc., which are input
parameters in this paper work. The desired product of dimensional accuracy and less surface roughness is
influenced by cutting force and tool vibration which are the responses and the functions of these input
parameters. In this paper work we determine the optimal setting of cutting parameters cutting speed, depth of
cut, feed and of the tool by using artificial neural network to get a maximum cutting force an minimum surface
roughness. This study highlights the use of modern optimization technique to optimize the multi response in
turning operation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimization of Cutting Rate for EN 1010 Low Alloy Steel on WEDM Using Respon...IJAEMSJORNAL
EN 1010is a low-carbon steel alloy with 0.10% carbon content. It is known for its fairly low strength and low ductility; however, it can be tempered to increase strength. Machinability of EN 1010 carbon steel is measured to be fairly good. EN 1010 is commonly used for cold headed fasteners, rivets and bolts, in addition to structural, construction and automotive applications such as fenders, pans, nails and transmission covers. Wire Electric Discharge Machine (WEDM) seems to be a good option for machining the complicated profiles. This paper, find effects of various process parameters of Wire EDM such as pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time(Toff), peak current (Ip) and servo voltage (Sv) for analysis of cutting rate (CR) while machining EN 1010. Central Composite Design is used to plan the design of experiment. The output response variable being cutting rate will be measured for all number of experiments conducted. The optimal parameter level combination would be analysed which gives desired cutting rate. These optimized values of different parameters would then be used in execution the machining operation in order to obtain the necessary outputs.
Tool design for Non-Conventional Machining.aman1312
tool design parameter consideration for three non conventional machining process has been discussed. they are Ultrasonic machining, Electrochemical machining.
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR CUTTING ATTRIBUTES OF LASER BE...indexPub
To improve and optimize the responses of a machining process, the choice of input machining control parameters is to be set at an optimal value.
As such one has to take up experimental methods, which are cumbersome, time-consuming, costly, and at times not feasible. During such situations,
optimization techniques like Genetic Algorithm (GA) can be used as they provide a cost-effective method for solving such complex problems.
Optimization of Surface Roughness for EN 1010 Low Alloy Steel on WEDM Using R...IJAEMSJORNAL
The term steel is used for many different alloys of iron. All steels cover small amounts of carbon and manganese. There do exist many types of steels which are(among others) plain carbon steel, stainless steel, alloysteel and tool steel. Carbon steel is the most extensively used kind of steel. The properties of carbon steel depend mainly on the amount of carbon it contains. Maximum carbon steel has a carbon content of less than 1%. Carbon steel is made into an extensive range of products, including structural beams, car bodies. In fact, there are 3 types of plain carbon steel namely low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel. It is good to exact that plain carbon steel is a type of steel having a maximum carbon content of 1.5% along with small percentages of silica, Sulphur, phosphorus and manganese. EN 1010 is a lowest amount of carbonalloy steel alloy with carbon content of 0.10%. Machineability of EN 1010 carbon steel is measured to be fairly good. EN 1010 is usually used for rivets and bolts, construction and automotive applications such as pans, nails and transmission cover. The objective of paper is to study the effect of process parameters namely pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current and servo voltage on surface roughness(SR).The effect of process parameters on productivity and accuracy facts is material dependent. To study parametric effect on Surface Roughness a Central Composite design approach of response surface methodology (RSM) is used to plan and study the experiments. The mathematical relationships between WEDM input process parameters and response parameter namely surface roughness is established to determine optimal values of surface roughness mathematically and graphically.The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to find statistically significant process parameters. Interaction effects of process parameters on surface roughness are analysed using statistical and graphical representations.
1. P. S. Chaudhari, Prof. D. M. Patel, Dr. J. L. Juneja / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.1025-1028
Artificial Intelligence apply for prediction of Laser Cutting Process
– A review
P. S. Chaudhari1, Prof. D. M. Patel2, Dr. J. L. Juneja3
1
P. G. Student, U. V. Patel College of Engineering, Ganpat University, Kkerva, Mehsana,
2
Associate Professor, U. V. Patel College of Engineering, Ganpat University, Kkerva, Mehsana
3
Principal, Ahmedabad institute of technology, Ahmedabad - 382481
Abstract: There are many factors effective on performance of the laser cutting process. Identification of more
effective factors requires which will give the significant effect on the cutting quality of materials. In recent years the
researchers have explored the number of ways to improve the quality of cutting in the different lasers. This paper
reviews the research work carried out so far in the area of laser cutting process and artificial intelligence. In artificial
intelligence use for prediction model for given input data of laser cutting operation. Also artificial intelligence
beneficial for the time saving because no next experiments are required for measuring output parameters.
Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Neurons, Laser Cutting Processes.
1. Introduction: (2) The neodymium (Nd) is used for boring and
Laser: where high energy but low repetitions are
Laser is the acronym of Light Amplification required.
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser is light of (3) Neodymium Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
special properties, light is electromagnetic (EM) (Nd-YAG) laser is used where very high
wave in visible range. Main six processes are doing power is needed and for boring and
for Light Emission: Absorption, Spontaneous engraving. Both CO2 and Nd/ Nd-YAG
Emission, Stimulated Emission, Population lasers can be used for welding.
Inversion, Gain and Loss. Advantages of laser cutting over mechanical cutting
A laser device is consisted of: (1) Laser medium like include easier work holding and reduced
atoms, molecules, ions or semiconductor crystals; (2) contamination of work piece. Precision may be
Pumping process to excite these atoms into higher better, since the laser beam does not wear during the
quantum mechanical energy levels; and (3) suitable process. There is also a reduced chance of warping
optical feedback that allow the beam of radiation to the material that is being cut, as laser systems have a
either pass once through the laser medium or bounce small heat-affected zone. Some materials are also
back and forth repeatedly through the laser medium. very difficult or impossible to cut by more traditional
Lasers have now found applications in almost every methods. [2]
field of engineering, medicine, commercially etc. [1]
2. Artificial Intelligence:
Laser Cutting Process: Artificial Intelligence the branch of computer
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a science that is concerned with the automation of
laser to cut materials, and is typically used for intelligent behavior (Luger and Stubblefield, 1993) [3]
industrial manufacturing applications, but is also also the art of creating machines that perform
starting to be used by schools, small businesses and functions that require intelligence when performed by
hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the people (Kurzweil, 1990). [4] Artificial Intelligence is a
output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the branch of Science which deals with helping machines
material to be cut. The material then melts, burns, finds solutions to complex problems in a more
vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, [1] human-like fashion. This generally involves
leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. borrowing characteristics from human intelligence,
Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet and applying them as algorithms in a computer
material as well as structural and piping materials. friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient
There are three main types of lasers used in laser approach can be taken depending on the requirements
cutting. established, which are use for prediction of result and
(1) The CO2 laser is suited for cutting, boring, also save the time and money of experiment work.
and Scribing engraving.
Applications: [5]
1025 | P a g e
2. P. S. Chaudhari, Prof. D. M. Patel, Dr. J. L. Juneja / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.1025-1028
Control (air traffic), Dong-Gyu ANN, Gwang-won JUNG,
Design (computer configuration), explained the influence of process parameter on
Medical diagnosis, drilling characteristics of an AI 1050 sheet with a
Instruction/training, thickness of 0.2 mm using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser
Interpretation (speech), through numerical analyses (Software ABAQUS
Monitoring (nuclear plant), V6.5) and experiments. For numerical analyses
Planning (mission planning), parameters condition was Input voltage – 400v,
Factory scheduling, duration time - 1.0 ms and 2.0 ms, frequency 4-12
Prediction (weather), Hz, Nozzle diameter - 0.7 mm and Velocity of
Repair (telephone). assisted gas - 345 m/s. Laser drilling experiments
were performed using a PC-NC controlled laser
Steps for Network Selection process for AI: [6] drilling system with investigate the variation of the
1. Prediction, diameter. The output parameters measured as the
2. Classification, diameter of the drilling hole, shape and the taper
3. Data Association, angle of the drill hole. All those parameters were
4. Data Conceptualization, measured via a Scanning Electron Microscope
5. Data Filtering. (SEM), comparison between numerical analyses and
experiment and find the optimal condition of drilling.
3. Literature Survey: From result, the optimal drilling condition was
Prof D. M. Patel, Dipesh Patel. Parametric determined at a plus duration time of 1 ms and a
Analysis of ytterbium: fiber laser cutting process. In pulse frequency of 12 Hz given the good result of
this report they mainly focus on cut quality and the drilling hole. [9]
cut quality mainly decided by surface roughness, kerf
width, and perpendicularity. The experiment was Nabil Ben Fredj et. al. generated ANN
carried out on 5mm thickness M.S. plate by varying model for prediction of surface roughness in grinding
the parameter like; laser power, gas-pressure, and process using table speed, depth of cut, grinding
cutting speed. The factorial design was used for wheel mesh size, dressing depth and number of
design of experiment and for find out the percentage passes as variables, with lowest calculated deviation
contribution of process parameter used Minitab 15 percentage between the predicted and the actual
software. Surface roughness was measured by values of the training data and the testing data, 2.47%
Surface roughness tester SJ-201 and kerf width was and 4.13% respectively. They stated that the
measured by equipment including digital camera and establishment of the regression models takes into
the UTHSCSA image tool version 3.0 program. [7] account the responses averages and therefore, can
give only an average model, which is not capable to
K. Abdel Ghany, M. Newishy, explained detect a particular tendency corresponding to specific
the cutting stainless steel by pulsed and CW Nd:YAG values or set of inputs. [10]
laser, it was shown that the laser cutting quality
depends mainly on the cutting speed, cutting mode, Ronny Pfeifer, Dirk Herzog, explained in
laser power and pulse frequency and focus position. this paper a suitable method to cut comparable thick
The cutting parameters that provided dross-free and 1mm Shape Memory Alloys sheets using an pulsed
sharp cut surface during pulsed laser mode were: Nd: YAG laser system with a high average power is
frequency = 200–250 Hz, duty cycle = 40%, actual presented. The impact of different laser and process
applied power = 210–250W (i.e., programmed peak parameters on the cut quality and the material
power, Pp = 880–1100W, cutting speed = 1–2 m/min, properties. A small kerf width (k = 150–300 µm) in
focus position = −0.5 to −1mm and nitrogen gas connection with a small angle of taper (θ < 2°) was
pressure = 9–11 bar. For CW mode, speed = 6–8 generated. Compared to short and ultra short-laser
m/min and power = 900–1100W with the same focus processing of SMA, high cutting speeds (v = 2–12
position and gas pressure. Using nitrogen gave mm/s) along with a sufficient cut quality (Rz = 10–30
brighter and smoother cut surface and smaller kerf µm) were achieved, offering the possibility to
than oxygen, although it is not economical. machine macro-SMA components (thickness: mm-
Increasing the frequency and cutting speed decreased range, cut length: cm/dm range) in an economic way.
the kerf width and the roughness of cut surface, while Compared to cw-laser machining a lower surface
increasing the power and gas pressure increased the roughness can be achieved. In comparison to short-
kerf width and roughness. Best cut quality was found and ultra short-laser processing of SMA the
at CW mode at speed from 6 to 8 m/min. Then, pulse drawbacks can be seen in the higher thermal impact
mode at low speed was 1–2 m/min. [8] of the laser–material processing on the SMA,
1026 | P a g e
3. P. S. Chaudhari, Prof. D. M. Patel, Dr. J. L. Juneja / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.1025-1028
resulting in a HAZ (dimension: 6–30 µm) which
again affects the material properties and the reduced
accuracy of the cutting process. [11]
Luke Huang et. al. developed a multiple
regression model for an on-line, real-time surface
roughness prediction system. They concluded that
with linear correlation coefficients of 0.940 and 0.933
for models MR16 and MR31, respectively, using the
experiment data, the predictor variables, such as feed
rate, vibration amplitude average, spindle speed, and
depth of cut, have strong linear correlation with the
predicted variable. Without the vibration data, the
prediction accuracy of the proposed multiple
regression model declines by about 1.55%.
Therefore, the use of the accelerometer is valuable.
The proposed regression model basically possesses Fig.: 2 Variation of kerf deviation and kerf width
accuracy of above 90% on predicting the in process with experiment number. [13]
surface roughness from feed rate, vibration amplitude
average, spindle speed, and depth of cut. [12]
4. Conclusion and Discussion:
Laser power and Cutting speed are plays an
important role in laser cutting. For cutting Mild Steel
by pulsed and CW Nd:YAG laser, it was shown that
the laser cutting quality depends mainly on the
cutting speed, cutting mode, laser power and pulse
frequency and focus position.
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for building a
feasible predicting model for Laser Cutting Qualities.
The Back-Propagation Neural Network with LM
algorithm has been applied to construct a
Mathematical Model wherein the laser-cutting
qualities are expressed as explicit nonlinear functions
of the laser control parameters. The GA is helpful to Fig.: 3 Effect of factor levels on multiple S/N
determine the best combination of laser-cutting ratio (0.9mm Al-alloy sheet). [13]
parameters for optimizing a specified cutting quality.
For applying AI we can use MAT LAB_2011 References
Software. [1] “Non- Conventional Machining Processes”
by P. K. Mishra, Published by Naroja
Publishing House. ( 3rd reprint 2005).
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting
[3] “Artificial intelligence: Structures and
strategies for complex problem solving” by
Luger and Stubblefield, published by
Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Redwood
City, Calif. (2nd reprint:1993)
[4] “The age of intelligent machines” By
Kurzweil, published by MIT Press,
Cambridge, Mass. (Year- 1990)
[5] “Artificial Neural Network – Application”
by Chi Leung patrick Hui, Publisher-InTech,
Published – April 11,2011.
Fig.:1 LM16LP Model view with three layers.
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[7] Dipesh Patel, Prof. D.M.Patel. “Parametric [11] Ronny Pfeifer, Dirk Herzog, 2010, “Pulsed
Analysis of Ytterbium: fiber laser cutting Nd:YAG laser cutting of NiTi shape memory
process” - Ganpat university, kherva, alloys-Influence of process parameters”
Mehsana, Gujarat, India August-2010. Journal of Materials Processing Technology
[8] “Cutting of 1.2 mm thick austenitic stainless 210 (2010) 1918–1925.
steel sheet using pulsed and CW Nd:YAG [12] Luke Huang & Dr. Joseph C. Chen, “A
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“Explained the influence of process 2001.
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1050 sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm using “Optimization of kerf quality during pulsed
a pulsed Nd:YAG laser”, Transaction of laser cutting of aluminium alloy sheet”,
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