This document discusses several key topics in the field of education: 1. It defines educational studies as a broad field that draws from various academic disciplines like history, sociology, and psychology. 2. It includes quotes highlighting the ongoing challenges of teaching and the importance of constant teacher effort to improve schools. 3. The last section lists factors correlated with high student achievement, such as teacher expectations, collaboration among teachers, and maintaining classroom order.

2. A a broadly conceived field of educational
study that derives its character and
methods from the academic disciplines of
history, philosophy, sociology, religion,
anthropology, political science, economics,
psychology, gender studies, comparative
and international education, educational
studies and educational policy studies.

Council of Learned Societies in Education, 1996

4.  The difficulties of schooling do not change. It will
always be difficult to teach well; to teach
accurately; to read write and count readily and
competently; to acquire a sense of history; to
develop a taste for literature and the arts.No
school is ever just right. It is only by the constant
efforts of its teachers that it can be called
satisfactory.
 Jacques Barzun

5.  Even under the best forms of government
those entrusted with power have in time…
perverted it into tyranny; and it is believed
that the most effectual means of
preventing this would be to illuminate the
minds of its people at large.
 Thomas Jefferson

6.  Realistic expectations that education
will make a substantial positive
difference in the lives of their students
may also motivate teachers and other
school staff to a higher level of
performance
 Jean Anyon

7.  It is up to the State to remind the
teacher constantly of the ideas; the
sentiments; that must be impressed
upon the child to adjust him into the
milieu in which he must live.
 Emile Durkheim

8. Most important characteristics correlated
with high achievement
1. Teacher’s Expectations – high “can do”
expectations
2. Communication among teachers – high
degree of colleagueship
3. Task Orientation – serious attitude
4. Academic Engaged Time – keep students
working

9. 5. Behavior management – maintain
classroom order
6. Principal –instructional leader
7. Parents – parental involvement
8. The school environment –
environment conducive to learning
Cooper & Ryan, 51- 56

10. 1. What should we teach in schools? What is
worth teaching? Whose knowledge should be
most valued in society?
2. Who is to be educated? Is equal education for
all possible? Does the gifted child need same
support as the average or a child with disability?

11. 3. What makes a good school? Does definition
differ depending upon the social and economic
background of students? Can we compare
schools with different types of students with
different types of needs?
4. What obligations do schools have beyond
simply educating students? Should it address
moral development and provide health services?

12. 5. Should schooling be compulsory? What is
considered as sufficient education? Should
students be compelled to learn things which
they/parents oppose?
6. What role should religion play in schooling?
7. What constitutes the necessary and proper
means of training teachers?

13. 8. What is the role of business in shaping and
influencing the content of education?
9. Should there be national standards and guidelines
for the curriculum of the school?
10. To what extent should schools be used as a means
for correcting or compensating for past injustices.
Diaz et. al. pp.158-161