This document discusses different types of non-renewable energy sources, specifically fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. It provides details on how each fossil fuel is formed over long periods of time from the remains of ancient organisms. The document outlines the reserves and consumption of fossil fuels worldwide as well as describing the processes used to extract oil and coal from the ground. Both the advantages and disadvantages of using these non-renewable energy sources are presented.

2. Sources of energy
RENEWABLE resource NON-RENEWABLE resource

3. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURSE (Exhaustible Resources)
Non-renewable energy is Energy which is taken from the sources
that are available on the earth in limited quantity.
The resources can not be regenerated within a short span of time.
They are not environmental friendly and can have serious affects
on our health.
They need to be conserved before they become depleted.

4. What Are Fossil Fuels?
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural resources such as anaerobic
decomposition of buried dead organisms.
Fossil fuels are of greater importance because they can be burned,
produce significance amounts of energy.
Fossil Fuels Are nonrenewable because they take thousands of years
to form

5. FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION AND RESERVES

6. Different Types of Fossil fuels

7.  Coal is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and sulphur.
 It is one of the most important of the primary fossils fuels.
 There are over 861 billion tons of proven coal reserves worldwide.
 This much coal will last us around 112 years at current rates of
production.
 Today coal is primarily used for energy and coke production for
producing iron and steel.

8. THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF COAL
Anthracite - the hardest and has more carbon.
Bituminous - between anthracite and lignite.
Sub-bituminous - properties range from those of lignite to Bituminous
Lignite - The softest and is low in carbon but high in hydrogen
and oxygen.

11. How coal used as fossil fuel?
Industrial process:
Steam coal (Thermal coal) is used in power stations to generate electricity. Firstly,
coal is milled to a fine powder, for faster burning ability and to increase the surface area. In
these pulverised coal combustion (PCC) systems, the powdered coal is blown into the
combustion chamber of a boiler and the produced hot gases convert water – in tubes lining
the boiler – into steam.

12. ADVANTAGES OF USING COAL :
Coal energy is an affordable energy source because of the coal’s
stable price compared to other fuel sources
Coal is easy to burn and produces high energy upon combustion
Coal energy is inexpensive and abundant
Coal energy is a reliable energy source

13. DISADVANTAGES OF USING COAL :
Coal energy produces large amount of carbon dioxide which
leads to global warming and climate change
Coal is fast depleting because we consume too much of it
Coal mining ruins the environment and puts the lives of
people specially the coal miners in danger
Chronic bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc.

14.  Oil is a thick, liquid fossil fuel, it is formed from remains of
small animals, algae and protists.
 Petroleum is another name for oil.
 Oil is available in abundance in most of the Middle East countries
 Including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq and UAE while some limited oil wells
are
present in North America and Canada.
 Most of the countries still have their huge dependency on these countries for
their oil requirements.

15. HOW IS OIL FORMED?
Oil was formed from plants called plankton. When the plankton dies it sinks in
the bottom of the sea and is buried under layers of sand and mud when these layers are
mixed it turns into a hard rock. But when bacteria ate the plankton it turned into ooze
which is now oil.

17. CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION
IDENTIFICATION OF
OIL FIELD
DRILLING
OIL EXTRACTION AND
RECOVERY
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL FIELD
Magnetometer
Satellite imagery
Seismic survey
Sniffer
Gravimeter

18. DRILLING
 The oil well is created by drilling a hole into the earth
 A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole to provide structural integrity to the newly
drilled wellbore.
 Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to pass into the bore.
 Finally a collection of valves is fitted to the top, the valves regulating pressure and
controlling flow.
OIL EXTRACTION AND RECOVERY
Natural drive or Primary recovery
Petroleum is propelled out
of the reservoir through the well by
one of the three methods, or
combinations of those, a) dissolved
gas drive, b) gas-cap drive, c) water
drive.

19. Secondary recovery
It involves adding external
energy without making any fundamental
changes to the physical properties of the
fluids. This energy is added either by
water or gas injection.
Tertiary recovery
Thermally enhanced oil
recovery methods (TEOR) are
tertiary recovery techniques that
heat the oil, reducing its viscosity
and making it easier to extract.

20. Advantages of Oil
Easy Availability infrastructure for transport and use
Crucial for wide variety of industries
Easy to produce and refine
Constant power source and reliability
 A Universal Resource
Disadvantages of Oil
Green house gas emission
Emission of harmful substances like sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, acid rain
 Leads to production of very harmful and toxic materials during refining.
Toxic chemicals and dust pollute the air and water
Oil spills on land and offshore drilling sites

21. People use non-renewable sources of energy almost every day.
It is impossible to reduce energy consumption to zero because of the
lifestyle needs that people have in modern society.
However, converting from non-renewable energy sources to
renewable ones reduces the negative impact of energy consumption
on the environment.
Electricity that comes from solar panels or wind turbines does not
release toxic emissions into the atmosphere.
 These conservation measures can help to slow the trend of global
warming
Conclusion