Get Your Applicator's License 2: Formulations & pests
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This document provides an overview of common structural pests and pesticides. It discusses integrated pest management approaches, different types of pesticides categorized by their target pest and mode of action. Specific examples of common pests like termites, ants, cockroaches, mice and rats are mentioned. The document emphasizes knowing conversion units, proportions, and LD50 values for the exam.
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Get Your Applicator's License 2: Formulations & pests
- 1. Pesticides & Common Structural Pests By Morgan Nilsen
- 2. We continue on the road of study
- 3. You gain new experience daily. What's something you learned this week?
- 4. We are expected to know about chemistry and even entomology!
- 5. We want to have an understanding to be ready for the exam
- 9. 1.Control KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW 2. ID 3. Don't Trip Up
- 10. You need to know control methods
- 11. You need to know control methods Like what?
- 12. You need to know control methods Like pesticides, yes, but also … Sanitation, exclusion, education, etc.
- 13. Let's start with the general concepts
- 14. Let's start with IPM and examples of non-chemical control
- 15. Let's start with IPM and examples of non-chemical control Mechanical: examples are door sweeps, caulking cracks and crevices. Cultural: changing human behavior, like putting food in sealable containers, picking up trash and doing dirty dishes. Biological: pests have natural predators like aphids are eaten by ladybugs. Let natural predators do the work.
- 16. Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?
- 17. Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?
- 18. Chemical families are categorized by target pest Target pest + ICIDE = ?
- 19. Chemical families are categorized by target pest Insecticide = kills insects acaracides/miticides = kills spiders/mites rodentacide fungacide avicide (birds) herbicide nematicides (roundworms)
- 20. Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business
- 21. Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business - By the target pest - By their chemical structure - By the application method - Or by their Mode of Action (by molting, IGRs, nervous system)
- 22. Here are the 5 most common chemical groups of insecticides Groups: Botanicals Examples: Pyrethrins (from chrysanthemums) Chlorinated Hydrocarbons DDT Organic Phosphates Malathion Carbamates Carbaryl Minerals Borax
- 24. Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action
- 25. Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action Example: Insect Growth Regulator IGRs - stops the production of Chitin (molting)
- 26. Now let's look at all the types of equipment we can use
- 27. (1) Tank (2 gal) (2) Siphon tube (3) Adapter - hose (4A) Tank Top (4D) Tank bottom (5) Tip holder (6) Hose - 4 ft. red (7) Hose washer (8) Pump Handle (9) Pump Lock Spring (10) Pump Cap (11) Plunger rod (12) Back plate (13) Polypropylene cup (14) Cup spreader plate (15) Lock Washer (16) Plunger nut (17) Pump Gasket (18) Pump tube - 1/2 Gallon (19) Check Valve
- 30. Know about pests But what is a pest? A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc. In fact, anything that competes with humans for food and fiber, or attacks us directly, may be defined as pests.
- 31. And now for a little biology Man Plants Life Animals Fungi Vertebrates Invertebrates Rodents Arthropods
- 32. Know the characteristics of arthropods
- 33. Know the characteristics of arthropods - jointed appendages - segmented body - exoskeletons - open circulatory system - heart located on dorsal side (back) - nervous located on the front (the opposite of vertebrates)
- 34. Let's list some characteristics of insects
- 35. Let's list some characteristics of insects The three parts of an insect: Head, thorax, abdomen (in correct order) Types of mouthparts: chewing, rasping-sucking, piercing-sucking, sponging, siphoning, and chewing-lapping.
- 36. Let's talk life cycles and metamorphosis Gradual Complete
- 37. Let's review the needs of pests Food, water, harborage sites, and entry points
- 38. Let's review the needs of pests Examples of food sources - human food or trash - debris on the floor - unsealed food containers - grease traps
- 39. Let's review the needs of pests Examples of water sources - leaky pipes - overwatered plants - drains - host
- 40. Shelter is also know as harborage Examples of harborage sites - secluded areas - cracks and crevices - gaps in the baseboard - behind cabinets - clutter
- 41. Entry points may be structural deficiencies
- 42. Finally! Let's talk about some pests The test will include questions about specific insects and pests. Unfortunately, the test changes so there is no guarantee you will see any specific pest on the test.
- 43. 5 most common pests: Termites Ants Cockroaches Mice Rats
- 44. The test has a specific focus on Non-termite wood-destroying pests
- 45. Don't trip up on the test!
- 46. LD50 will certainly be on the test What is it? Lethal dose to 50% of the population (research done on rats) measurement = mg / kg of body weight
- 47. LD 50 is a ratio mg of poison / kg of body weight Ratio's are tricky! So the smaller the LD50 number is, the MORE toxic it is
- 48. Examples Most dangerous compound: Botulinum LD50 (0.000009) = 9 ng / kg Cyanide LD50 (6.8) Comparing: Atrazine herbicide LD50 (3000) Caffeine LD50 (200) So it would take 15 more times atrazine to kill you than caffeine
- 49. Know your Minimal Exposure Pesticides (MEPs) Make sure your body is exposed to these as little as possible.They can hurt you in ways you may not notice right away. Bromoxynil (buctril, bronate): effects pregnant women and child (could bring the pesticide home) Metasystox-r and Injectacide: kills mites. Exposed to a little bit and will effect your ability to have children (aka oxydemeton-methyl)
- 50. MATH Proper mixing and application of pesticides can be accomplished by understanding proportions fractions percentages
- 51. Area = height x width 50 ? 100
- 52. A proportion is a ratio A B C = D 1 2 = 4 8
- 53. Converting units will be on the test Math conversions (gallons = quarts, cups to ounces, feet to yards, etc.) 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce = 6 teaspoons 4 tablespoons = 12 teaspoons = 1/4 cup = 2 fluid ounces 1 cup = 16 tablespoons = 8 fluid ounces 2 cups = 32 tablespoons = 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 2 pints = 64 tablespoons = 1 quart = 4 level cups 4 quarts = 8 pints = 1 gallon = 16 cups 16 ounces = 1 pound 6 tablespoons (level) = approx. 1 oz. of dry weight (for WP only)
- 54. Converting units will be on the test Example: The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?
- 55. Converting units will be on the test Example: The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?
- 56. So we've worn a few hats today
- 57. Remember to keep studying
Editor's Notes
- good transition to tricky test areas
- Remembered to study in different places ? That was one of our study tips
- 3 key points! Control methods (What's a control method?) about the pests too trip IN ORDER TO KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Ask questions! Someone wrote to a newspaper: "There is no such thing as a stupid question if its sincere.Better to ask and risk appearing stupid than to continue on your ignorant way and make a stupid mistake” To help you organize your thoughts Here is a HO (a tip is to organize lists and tables) Make tables and lists to better organize the information Recap at the end: Control, pests and don't trip!
- 3 key points! Control methods (What's a control method?) about the pests too trip IN ORDER TO KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Ask questions! Someone wrote to a newspaper: "There is no such thing as a stupid question if its sincere.Better to ask and risk appearing stupid than to continue on your ignorant way and make a stupid mistake” To help you organize your thoughts Here is a HO (a tip is to organize lists and tables) Make tables and lists to better organize the information Recap at the end: Control, pests and don't trip!
- 3 key points! Control methods (What's a control method?) about the pests too trip IN ORDER TO KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Ask questions! Someone wrote to a newspaper: "There is no such thing as a stupid question if its sincere.Better to ask and risk appearing stupid than to continue on your ignorant way and make a stupid mistake” To help you organize your thoughts Here is a HO (a tip is to organize lists and tables) Make tables and lists to better organize the information Recap at the end: Control, pests and don't trip!
- 3 key points! Control methods (What's a control method?) about the pests too trip IN ORDER TO KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Ask questions! Someone wrote to a newspaper: "There is no such thing as a stupid question if its sincere.Better to ask and risk appearing stupid than to continue on your ignorant way and make a stupid mistake” To help you organize your thoughts Here is a HO (a tip is to organize lists and tables) Make tables and lists to better organize the information Recap at the end: Control, pests and don't trip!
- Control methods like pesticides, yes but many other types as well like and And your equipment too Forms of pesticides (AKA pesticide formulations)
- Control methods like pesticides, yes but many other types as well like and And your equipment too Forms of pesticides (AKA pesticide formulations)
- Control methods like pesticides, yes but many other types as well like and And your equipment too Forms of pesticides (AKA pesticide formulations)
- What are some examples of each? Mechanical: door sweeps and caulking cracks and crevices to exclude the pest Cultural: changing human behavior, obviously putting food in sealable containers, picking up trash and dirty dishes all work to deter pests. Biological: some pests have natural predators like aphids are eaten by ladybugs. Set natural predators to do the work for you.
- What are some examples of each? Mechanical: door sweeps and caulking cracks and crevices to exclude the pest Cultural: changing human behavior, obviously putting food in sealable containers, picking up trash and dirty dishes all work to deter pests. Biological: some pests have natural predators like aphids are eaten by ladybugs. Set natural predators to do the work for you.
- Are pesticides = insecticides? Does not refer to just insecticides
- Remember, IPM says to use as a last resort
- Does not refer to just insecticides What are some other targets (not just insects) (insecticide, acaracides/miticides, rodentacide, fungacide, avicide, herbicide, nematicides (roundworms), etc.)
- Does not refer to just insecticides What are some other targets (not just insects) (insecticide, acaracides/miticides, rodentacide, fungacide, avicide, herbicide, nematicides (roundworms), etc.)
- How are pesticides categorized? - By the target pest - by their chemical structure - by the application method - or by their mode of action (by molting, IGRs, nervous system) What do you think chemical groups are? Yes, they are chemicals that have a similar chemical make up
- How are pesticides categorized? - By the target pest - by their chemical structure - by the application method - or by their mode of action (by molting, IGRs, nervous system) What do you think chemical groups are? Yes, they are chemicals that have a similar chemical make up
- - Botanicals - plant derived Pyrethrins are the best example from chrysanthemum “chris-sand... or mums” Association – go see plants at the botanical garden - Chlorinated Hydrocarbons - old and accumulate Association – no one likes chlorine, neither DDT (mention: Biodegradable / persistent) - Organophosphates – replaces chlorinated hydrocarbons, breaks down quickly, breaks down in water. Permanently blocks receptors Malathion = organophosphate relatively low toxicity to humans - Carbamates - Carbamic acid – similar to Organophosphates. Also long time use. Less toxic because enzymes aren't permanently blocked car-BAM - Minerals - oldest pesticide
- What is a formulation? Association: Advil caplets vs. gel caps Emulsifiable concentrates A concentrate in the form of a thick syrup or crystal that is made into an emulsion (looks like milk + water) Emulsion - Putting two or more liquids together creates an emulsion if the liquids do NOT mix (ex: oil and water) Wettable powder – like cool aid WDG also WG Granules and Dusts don't mix with water – like diatomaceous earth Aerosols, like raid
- Mode of Action - prevent / delay molting - Insect Growth Regulator IGRs - stops the production of Chitin - Juvenile Hormone Analogs (JHAs) - Neurotoxin effects the nervous system Prevent resistance by rotating modes of action
- Mode of Action - prevent / delay molting - Insect Growth Regulator IGRs - stops the production of Chitin - Juvenile Hormone Analogs (JHAs) - Neurotoxin effects the nervous system Prevent resistance by rotating modes of action
- Tell me about some equipment you use on the job
- Different surfaces are effected differently. Of course residuals will not last on porous rock (absorption) or places that get a lot of rain. (Label will say) An important thing to remember is a product cannot be used on a location not specified on the label Chemicals can stain, so try a test patch first Dusts = residue Spot treatment is defined as putting treatment in a house for two square feet Odor is strongest after application and may cause headaches and other bad effects Types of property damage from pesticide application - Pesticides can stain carpets and wallpaper - Pesticides have a strong odor - Pesticides may drift
- This section focuses on the second step of IPM, Identification! You're going to need to know categories of pests, their characteristics, and some specific facts about each So what is a pest? A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc. In fact, anything that competes with humans for food and fiber, or attacks us directly, may be defined as pests.
- This section focuses on the second step of IPM, Identification! You're going to need to know categories of pests, their characteristics, and some specific facts about each So what is a pest? A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc. In fact, anything that competes with humans for food and fiber, or attacks us directly, may be defined as pests.
- From Chemistry in the last section and then into the science of Biology, the science of life and then moving on to entomology Different kingdoms Exoskeleton - provides an anchoring point for muscle attachments and support, protection and sensing functions. - hard cover = protection - some even have wax coating - provides opportunity for some unique pesticides - death from desiccation = removal of water - the exoskeleton only has so much flexibility. For the insect to grow it must cast off its old cuticle through the process of molting
- (the word arthropod means “jointed leg”) Arthropods → Crustaceans, Spiders and insects (millipedes and centipedes) General characteristics of arthropods: - jointed appendages - segmented body - exoskeletons - open circulatory system - heart located on dorsal side (back) - nervous located on the front (the opposite of vertebrates)
- (the word arthropod means “jointed leg”) Arthropods → Crustaceans, Spiders and insects (millipedes and centipedes) General characteristics of arthropods: - jointed appendages - segmented body - exoskeletons - open circulatory system - heart located on dorsal side (back) - nervous located on the front (the opposite of vertebrates)
- Insects are the largest with 800,000 species or types they have survived and flourished with very little evolutionary change What is the three parts of an insect (in correct order)? Head, thorax, abdomen What are the various types of mouthparts? chewing, rasping-sucking, piercing-sucking, sponging, siphoning, and chewing-lapping. Three body pars: head, thorax, and abdomen wings (not all) six legs antennae (not all) spiracles (air holes in the body wall for breathing simple or compound eyes
- Insects are the largest with 800,000 species or types they have survived and flourished with very little evolutionary change What is the three parts of an insect (in correct order)? Head, thorax, abdomen What are the various types of mouthparts? chewing, rasping-sucking, piercing-sucking, sponging, siphoning, and chewing-lapping. Three body pars: head, thorax, and abdomen wings (not all) six legs antennae (not all) spiracles (air holes in the body wall for breathing simple or compound eyes
- Molts - a series of complex interactions of hormones, enzymes, cells, and organs of in insects. - begins when the brain receives the message it's time to molt Without – series of molts (no change), like silverfish Gradual – 3 stages: egg, nymph (sev molts / instars), adult Complete most insects go through egg, larva (several molts/instars), pupa, and adult stages.
- Food, water, harborage sites, and entry points Examples of food sources - human food or trash - debris on the floor - unsealed food containers - grease traps Examples of water sources - leaky pipes - overwatered plants - drains - host
- Food, water, harborage sites, and entry points Examples of food sources - human food or trash - debris on the floor - unsealed food containers - grease traps Examples of water sources - leaky pipes - overwatered plants - drains - host
- Food, water, harborage sites, and entry points Examples of food sources - human food or trash - debris on the floor - unsealed food containers - grease traps Examples of water sources - leaky pipes - overwatered plants - drains - host
- Examples of harborage sites - secluded areas - cracks and crevices - gaps in the baseboard - behind cabinets - clutter
- What are some examples of structural deficiencies? There is a heavy emphasis on this point Examples of entry points - hole size 1/2-3/4 inch mouse - building deficiencies - leaving doors or windows open - gaps under doors - cracks in foundations - utility openings - internal utility access points like - radiators - water pipes - electrical conduits
- The test will include questions about specific insects and pests. Unfortunately, the test changes so there is no guarantee you will see any specific pest on the test. Let's look at what you have seen in your experience, the most common pests, and some specific ones
- Probably going to talk about bed bugs and rates / mice Bed bugs: Ask what they look like? How do you know you have a problem? How fast do they mature, how long do they live? 21 days mature, live about a year Habits:cracks and crevices during the day (preferring paper or wood to stone and plaster). Control: look for the harborage, Vacuum. Residuals applied to C&C, Dusts will work for voids and attics.
- Cockroaches – American is obviously the biggest, German is the most common, do you see the brown band? Mice vs rats Ants vs. Termites Let's look up this info in your books (every book is different) See PCT Notes – Print outs?
- Carpenter ants Residual spray / dust at the nest boring holes in hollow wood or near ceiling voids apply liquid or dust Carpenter bees bore into wood and then makes a gallery along the side replace infested lumber with treated wood apply dust, wettable powder, or aerosol directly in the galleries leave it for a few days then seal the hole
- Something you find on every Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) What is it? Lethal dose to 50% of the population (research done on rats) measurement = mg / kg of body weight
- Ratio's are tricky! So the smaller the LD50 number is, the more toxic it is Most dangerous compound = Botulinum 9 ng / kg = .000009 mg /kg Cyanide 6.8 mg / kg Acute (one exposure) vs. Chronic (many exposures over time) Hazard = toxicity x exposure
- Atrazine herbicide = 3000 mg / kg Caffeine = 200 mg / kg so it would take 15 more times atrazine to kill you than caffeine (Source = “Farm Basics: LD50” (3:21) by Ag PhD TV show) http://youtu.be/flKJ5Iqfl9Q
- Make sure your body is exposed to these as little as possible They can hurt you in ways you may not notice right away bromoxynil (buctril, bronate): effects pregnant women and child (could bring the pesticide home) Metasystox-r and Injectacide: kills mites. Exposed to a little bit and will effect your ability to have children (aka oxydemeton-methyl) propargite (omite, omite cr, comite) folpet
- Proper mixing and application of pesticides can be accomplished by understanding proportions, fractions, and percentages.
- 1. If you have an unknown value (N) in your ratio, cross multiply the two terms diagonal to each other 2. and then divide by the number with the unknown (N) to get the value of N Also mention changing 7% to decimal or ratio Pure is going to 100%
- Focus on cups, quarts, ounces So how many fluid ounces are in a cup? 36 ounces will be how many cups? 4.5 80? 10 cups how many quarts is that? 2.5 quarts How many cups are in 2.5 gallons? 40
- When using proportions to determine pesticide application rates, the units on the top and bottom of one ratio have to match the units on top and bottom of the other ratio.
- Cross multiply: 1,000 x N = 2 x 5,000 1,000N = 10,000 Divide by the number with the unknown (N) to get the value of N: 10,000 / 1,000 = 10
- http://youtu.be/plAwCTf9ID0 You need to make 4 gallons of a 7% solution of pesticide to spread on an area of 40x60. How many ounces of pesticide are needed? 7% 4 gallons 40x60 area 7/100 = .07 x 128 oz = 8.96 8.96 x 4 gallons = 35.84 (round down bc can't use more pesticides)