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Pest Management In Commercial Food Establishments George E. Williams Jr., A.C.E. General Manager – Staff Entomologist

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Primary Risk Pests In Commercial Food Accounts <ul><li>Roaches </li></ul><ul><ul><li>German Cockroach </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Rodents (rats & mice) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>House Mouse + Norway Rat </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Flies </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Fruit Fly (Common & Dark-Eyed) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Phorid Fly </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Moth Fly (AKA Drain Fly) </li></ul></ul>

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The Pest Control Firm Client Involvement

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<ul><li>There is no magic wand with pest control service. </li></ul><ul><li>The most successful pest control programs involve a team approach. The puzzle pieces MUST fit together! </li></ul><ul><li>A cooperative effort between pest control firm & client creates a mutually beneficial relationship. </li></ul><ul><li>It is vital to respond to advice/suggestions/reports from an expert (pest control firm). Think of it like a doctor, they are prescribing remedies to cure a problem. </li></ul>Success = Teamwork!!!

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True Goal of Pest Control = Minimize Risk & Exposure <ul><li>Pests are a serious threat to health, property, and your reputation. </li></ul><ul><li>Not doing what needs to be done is just gambling with the odds stacked against you! </li></ul><ul><li>“ I’m paying you to control the pests, just fix the problem ” is old school thinking dating back to the “spray & fog” era. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Just Google the relationship between sanitation & pests </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Proven scientific data exists that shows sanitation is the best measure to minimize pest pressure </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>University studies have proven poor sanitation accelerates pest activity while diminishing control measures </li></ul></ul><ul><li>To successfully minimize exposure it takes action by BOTH the pest control firm AND the client! </li></ul>

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<ul><li>WHY don’t you have pests in your home? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Sanitation is way above average </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Repairs are made to fix problems </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>You exclude any openings to your home </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>You remove a food source if a pest is found </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>You listen to what the expert tells you to do </li></ul></ul>WHY? Is Common Sense. In a commercial food establishments the employees do not understand the importance of sanitation. Management has 101 things on their plate so follow through + training is often difficult in this area.

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WHAT Can I As The Client Do??? Part I THREE STEPS : 1) Do Not Leave Food Out Overnight

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WHAT Can I As The Client Do??? Part II THREE STEPS continued : 2) Clean, clean, & clean some more - Mops & brooms don’t bend. Get under equipment! 3) Remove as much moisture as possible - Standing water destroys your facility substrate & pests love it!

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Micro-Environments = Sizable Fly Populations <ul><li>3ea Corona bottles + lime + some backwash </li></ul><ul><li>Found resting on electrical cables under a bar, behind a cooler, about 2ft off the floor </li></ul><ul><li>Needless to say these bottles were almost impossible to find </li></ul><ul><li>Each bottle contained thousands of fly larva (maggots) </li></ul><ul><li>Bottles removed, fly problem resolved! </li></ul>

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More Micro-Environments TONS of flies! WHY??? Let’s see what’s under the floor

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It is RARELY the visible areas! Maggots become flies!

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Sometimes it is an MAJOR undertaking! The picture was taken with a digital camera snake. It is beneath a slab under a commercial kitchen in a hospital. The gap shown ranged from ¼” to 3” high. Millions of Phorid Fly larva/eggs are shown here. Cause? Broken water line.

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How important is sanitation? Part I BAD Sanitation GOOD Sanitation

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How important is sanitation? Part II BAD Sanitation GOOD Sanitation

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7 Days

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Typical Grease Related Concerns Breeding Sites Soda dispenser drain tubes are one of the most attractive known breeding sites.

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Soda dispenser drain tubes can collect massive amounts of gelatinous buildup. Not only is good for breeding but is also one of the most horrendous sources of foul odors. Breeding Sites and Odor Causing Buildup Typical Grease Related Concerns Fly Pupa (eggs) Fly Pupa (eggs)

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Air Gap Drains Are A Major Breeding Site! How many drains do you see? Most people say two. There are actually 11 drains! Dark-Eyed Fruit Flies + Phorid Flies prefer to fly up & into these tubes & pipes (air-gap drains) to breed. They are a MAJOR infestation point!

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Typical Grease Related Concerns These waist-chest high “drains” feed into floor drains by the air-gap hoses & pipes. They are rarely cleaned & are a common fly breeding area. Look at the gunk!

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A major Micro-Environment! Part I Moisture is on the floor in every account. Have you ever looked VERY CLOSELY at floor grout? We have! This is the 1 st of three pictures….

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A major Micro-Environment! Part II This is the 2 nd of three pictures. Starting to see something?

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A major Micro-Environment! Part III This is the 3 rd and final picture. What you see is a true micro-environment. The perfect breeding site for small flies! You can also see the bacterial & mold buildup. What you can’t see DOES hurt you! Newly emerging Phorid Fly

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<ul><li>Water is a KEY element in pest activity. Excessive H2O allows all pest populations to thrive </li></ul><ul><li>H2O renders insecticides ineffective (roaches + flies) </li></ul><ul><li>H2O causes baits to mold & become unpalatable (roaches, rodents, flies) </li></ul><ul><li>Without H2O flies can not successfully breed </li></ul><ul><li>Excessive H2O creates significant deep (out of sight) harborages for all pests </li></ul><ul><li>Eliminate and/or reduce H2O & you will DRAMATICALLY improve pest control measures. Use floor fans! </li></ul>Water is the enemy!!!

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<ul><li>Study : 25 flies in a room, one regular light bulb, one yellow light bulb (sodium vapor) </li></ul><ul><li>Results : 24 flies went to the common light bulb while 1 went to the yellow bug light bulb </li></ul><ul><li>All exterior lights around entrance doors should be sodium vapor bulbs </li></ul><ul><li>This will reduce the fly & insect pressure on (into) the facility </li></ul>Lighting & Pest Pressure 24 1

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HVAC & Pests Do you have positive or negative air pressure? Negative pressure causes pests to be vacuumed into your facility every time a door is opened.

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<ul><li>Fast! Runs 12ft Per Second </li></ul><ul><li>Long Jump 3ft or Drop 50ft </li></ul><ul><li>Found In -14 Degree Temperatures (very adaptable) </li></ul><ul><li>Only need 1/4” To Gain Access </li></ul><ul><li>Strong Hearing (30x Better Than Humans), Poor Vision (4ft) But Pick Up Motion 50+ft Away, Excellent Touch, Smell & Taste. </li></ul><ul><li>A 6 th Sense or Kinesthetic Sense. Programmed muscle memory behavior. </li></ul><ul><li>Will go 1 story up to access structures. </li></ul><ul><li>Create void colonies when sanitation is poor, spending their entire life in a 5ft radius. </li></ul><ul><li>Swimmers! Can Swim 1/2 Mile & Tread Water For Three Days </li></ul><ul><li>3ft Long Jump & Can Survive a 50ft Drop </li></ul><ul><li>Very Strong & Agile Climbers </li></ul><ul><li>Need 1/2” Opening To Gain Access </li></ul><ul><li>Poor vision, average hearing </li></ul><ul><li>Wants to get in…CAN get in! </li></ul><ul><li>Neophobic (shy of new objects) so they often avoid control devices. </li></ul><ul><li>Can easily become “trap shy” if they survive near misses </li></ul><ul><li>Will relocate & adapt to any environment </li></ul>Rodents Are One Formidable Foe! MICE RATS

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<ul><li>Rodents have a highly developed learning behavior that is passed on from generation to generation. If they are feeding on food waste then they pass this feeding preference on. </li></ul><ul><li>Once a preferred feeding trait has been established, it may take weeks-months-never to gain rodenticide + trap acceptance. </li></ul><ul><li>10-30ft range (mice) is common under normal circumstances. </li></ul><ul><li>If competitive food availability is high & sanitation is poor then the range is less than 5ft! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Deep void harborages occur making control difficult. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Rodents have a highly developed learning behavior that is passed on from generation to generation. If they are feeding on food waste then they pass this feeding preference on. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>They will ignore pest control devices </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Water & grease on floors means rodents have the ability to not get caught on glue traps due to coating on paws/fur. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Also causes devices become weathered & unattractive </li></ul></ul>Rodents & Sanitation

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Rats can apply 8,000 pounds of pressure per square inch with their teeth

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Void Nests : Created when abundant food supply is nearby.

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<ul><li>Great biotic potential, egg to adult development in 40-125 days with 30-40 eggs per ootheca (egg capsule) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>40 days = poor sanitation, 125 days = good sanitation </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Stays VERY close to water. </li></ul><ul><li>Research (Bayer ES) shows that behavioral aversion or aberrant feeding occurs with poor sanitation </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Roaches avoid insecticide bait gels </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Behavior trait is passed on within infestation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Populations grow as there is minimal acceptance to baits </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Sanitation & Cultural Practice Consequences: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Accelerated reproduction, provides ample harborage sites, plenty of alternative food sources cause bait rejection, moisture & debris will diminish any pesticide residual & cause bait molding, glue trap monitors will be rendered useless, access to main areas will be hindered or prohibited </li></ul></ul>Cockroaches & Sanitation

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IPM (Integrated Pest Management)- Pests Need,….. Affect 1-3 of these & you will cause population stress with ANY pest. This will force the pest to do something positive toward control i.e explore a glue trap monitor, eat insecticide bait/rodenticide, contact an insecticide treatment/mechanical trap, etc. FACTS COCKROACHES can go without food for 42 days but can only go without water for 12 days. MICE can go without water for 42 days but need 1-2grams of food per day. RATS must have water daily (2oz) but can go without food for 14 days

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