Forests cover over 30% of the Earth's surface and are vital ecosystems, housing diverse life forms and facilitating water cycles, biodiversity, and climate regulation. However, deforestation poses severe threats, leading to biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and disrupted water cycles, which affect both wildlife and human livelihoods. Indigenous groups like the Adivasi in India rely on forests for their traditional ways of life but are increasingly facing challenges from modernization and ecological degradation.

1. FOREST
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2. FOREST
A forest (also called a wood,
woodland, weald or holt) is
an area with a large area of
trees. Forests are the Earth's
largest and most productive
ecosystem, and trees their
most visible and important
constituent. It is a home
consisting of all plants,
animals and
micro-organisms in that area
functioning together with all
of the non-living physical
factors of the environment is
known as a "forest eco-
system". Over 30% of the
Earth's surface is covered with
forests.

3. TYPES
OF
FOREST
Tropical rainforests : These kind
of forest are found near the
equator. High temperature and
abundant rainfall makes a tropical
rain forest.
 Sub-tropical forests : These are
found to the south and north of the
tropical forests. The trees here are
adapted to resist the summer
drought.
Mediterranean forests : These
forests are found to the south of the
temperate regions around the
coasts of the Mediterranean,
California, Chile and Western
Australia. The growing season is
short and almost all trees are
evergreen, but mixed hardwood and
softwood.

4. Temperate forests : Found in
places as eastern North America,
northeastern Asia, and western and
eastern Europe, temperate forests
are a mix of deciduous and
coniferous evergreen trees. There
are well-defined seasons with a
distinct winter and sufficient
rainfall.
Coniferous forests : Coniferous
forests inhabit the cold, windy
regions around the poles. There are
both hardwoods and conifers found
in this region.

5. USES OF
FOREST
Forests have a variety of uses to
humans, including wood from trees,
nutrition from animals, for grazing,
recreation, medicinal and so on.
Forest products are used in our
daily lives All these and many
more activities directly or
indirectly involve forests.
 Provides shelter to animals. For
most of the animals forest is their
home.
 Forest also helps in cattle grazing
which is a very beneficial for the
animals.
 Forest cover can reduce the
problem of flooding from many
small, frequent storm events in
headwater watersheds close to the
forest area.

6.  It is also plays a very vital role in
recycling water. As show in the
picture.
 Among other ecological benefits, the
forests play a vital role as
watersheds.
 Recreational activities like Hiking,
camping, fishing, sight-seeing,
boating also can be done in forest.
 Forest products are used in our daily
lives All these and many more
activities directly or indirectly
involve forests. Fruits, paper and
wood from trees, and so on; others are
more difficult - by-products that go
into the manufacture of other
everyday items like medicines,
detergents, etc.

7. FOREST AS
HABITAT
Although the ocean was the
original home of all life of Earth,
forests, as they themselves evolved,
quickly became home to a vast
majority of land based creatures...
including early ma
Forests support diverse life.
A forest can provide 3 of the key
ingredients to a species' survival:
water, food, and shelter…..
By gathering water...
All forests are great collectors and
storerooms of water. Their root
structure holds together the soil,
and their leaf litter gets broken
down and combined with minerals
to form the equivalent of gigantic
sponges - slowly releasing water
into surrounding areas at
a dependable rate.

8. Originating and supporting food
chains.......
A forest is home to many types plants,
which are the food source for many
types of animals, which are, in their
turn, also sources of food for other
animals. This circle of life, the
linkages between all animals and all
plants, is often referred to as "the web
of life" - a
reference to the common dependencies
between all life in an ecosystem.
And providing shelter….
Shelter is the last of the triumvirate.
Trees take on the worst (and the best)
of the elements: wind, sun, rain,
temperature. By taking the brunt of
these elements, under their cover they
can lessen the impacts of too strong a
sun, of destructively heavy rainfall, of
lessening the vagaries of temperature
change, and taking the punch out of
strong winds.

9. DEFORESTATION
From temperate forests to
tropical rainforests,
deforestation continues to be an
urgent environmental issue that
jeopardizes people’s livelihoods,
threatens animals, and
intensifies global warming.
What is deforestation?
Deforestation is the process
whereby natural forests are
cleared through logging and/or
burning, either to use the timber
or to replace the area for
alternative uses. 12-15 million
hectares of forest are lost each
year, the equivalent of 36
football fields per minute.

10. EFFEGTS OF
DEFORESTATION
Reduced biodiversity:
Deforestation and forest
degradation can cause biodiversity
to decline. When forest cover is
removed, wildlife is deprived of
habitat and becomes more
vulnerable to hunting.
Release of greenhouse gas
emissions: --Deforestation causes
15% of global greenhouse gas
emissions. Of these, carbon dioxide
emissions represent up to one-third
of total carbon dioxide emissions
released because of human causes.
Disrupted water cycles: As a result
of deforestation, trees no longer
evaporate groundwater, which can
cause the local climate to be much
drier.

11. Increased soil erosion:
Deforestation accelerates rates of
soil erosion, by increasing runoff
and reducing the protection of the
soil from tree litter.
Disrupted livelihoods: Millions of
people rely directly on forests,
through small-scale agriculture,
hunting and gathering, and by
harvesting forest products such as
rubber.
Deforestation continues to pose
severe social problems in places,
sometimes leading to violent
conflict.

12. SAVEFOREST& SERVETOHUMANKIND

13. TRIBAL PEOPLE
OF INDIA
Adivasi or tribal people is set
of ethnic and tribal groups
believed to be the aboriginal
population of India. They are
commonly known as
"Adivasi" in India. Adivasi
societies are particularly
present in the Indian states of
Kerala, Orissa, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Bihar, Jharkhand, West
Bengal, Mizoram and other
northeastern states, and the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Many smaller tribal groups are
quite sensitive to ecological
degradation caused by
modernization.

14. Some notable
Scheduled Tribes
 Thakur Peoples of Maharashtra
 Andamanese
 Bodos
 Bhils
 Chakma
 Chenchu
 Dhodia Tribes of Gujarat
 Gonds
 Khasis
 Oraon
 Thakur Peoples of Maharashtra
Santals
 Todas
 Maldharis of Gujarat
 Cholanaikkan
 Warli
 Kisan Tribe
 Dongria Kondh
 Bonda

15. ORAONTRIBE
The Oraon or Kurukh tribe
also spelled Uraon, Oran, or
Oram, inhabits various states
across central and eastern
India as well as Bangladesh.
Traditionally, Oraons
depended on the forest and
farms for their ritual and
economic livelihood, but in
recent times they have become
mainly settled agriculturalists.
A number of educated Oraons
have settled down in metros
like Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai,
Chennai and many other cities
of India including Patna,
Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
Hyderabad, Allahabad, and
Lucknow.

16. LANGUAGE &
CULTURE
The Oraon language, Kurukh,
belongs to the Dravidian language,
and is most closely related to
Brahui and Malto (Paharia).
Kurukh language is being taught in
Ranchi University in Jharkhand. A
Kurukh Literary Society have been
formed after the first Kurukh
Conference held in Ranchi in
October, 2006.
The Oraon people have a rich range
of folk songs, dances and tales, as
well as traditional musical
instruments. Both men and women
participate in dance, which are
performed at social events and
festivals. Mandar, Nagara and
kartal are the main musical
instruments.