Foreign Direct Investment In Retail Industry
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This document defines foreign direct investment as investment from foreign companies into enterprises operating in a different country. It describes three types of FDI: horizontal FDI which duplicates home country activities abroad, platform FDI which uses a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical FDI which moves value-adding activities stage by stage across international borders. The document also lists advantages of FDI such as economic growth and technology diffusion, and disadvantages including potential cross-cultural conflicts and inflation.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm in one country acquires assets in another country to manage them. FDI provides ownership advantages like special knowledge or economies of scale. Location advantages and internalization advantages also influence FDI decisions. Firms invest abroad to reduce costs, increase sales volumes, promote knowledge sharing, and retain domestic customers. Common FDI strategies include wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions. While FDI supplements capital and resources, some argue it can displace competition and exploit host country resources. India's top FDI investors are Mauritius, Singapore, and the UK, while its leading sectors are services, telecommunications, and construction.
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Foreign direct investment is the direct investment into a business or sector by a company or individual from another country, differing from portfolio investment, which is a more indirect investment into another country’s economy by means of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds...
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Using GIS for Kenosha, WI Brownfield to Greenfield Investment Case Study
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Fdi retail policy in india
The document discusses India allowing foreign direct investment in retail. It outlines the key policies: allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. Foreign retailers must invest $100 million with half in infrastructure and source 30% from small/micro Indian industries. Retail investments are approved by the government and only allowed in cities over 1 million people. The document also discusses Walmart seeking clarification on sourcing rules and investigations into potential bribery in Mexico.
FDI IN RETAIL SECTOR
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the retail sector. It provides an overview of India's FDI policies over time, starting in 1991 when FDI was first allowed selectively and increasing allowances over subsequent years. The document also outlines the opportunities that FDI in retail provides, such as employment generation and addressing supply chain issues, as well as challenges like competition from small retailers and emerging human resource needs. Overall it examines the growth of the retail sector in India and implications of allowing increased FDI.
Fdi (1)
The document discusses the introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that while FDI could provide benefits like new jobs, technology, and quality improvements for consumers, there has also been strong opposition from small shop owners who fear being unable to compete with large multinational retailers. The document examines both sides of the issue and considers the experiences of other countries that have allowed FDI in retail as it discusses whether India's retail sector will see more opportunities or challenges from foreign investment.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm in one country acquires assets in another country to manage them. FDI provides ownership advantages like special knowledge or economies of scale. Location advantages and internalization advantages also influence FDI decisions. Firms invest abroad to reduce costs, increase sales volumes, promote knowledge sharing, and retain domestic customers. Common FDI strategies include wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions. While FDI supplements capital and resources, some argue it can displace competition and exploit host country resources. India's top FDI investors are Mauritius, Singapore, and the UK, while its leading sectors are services, telecommunications, and construction.
Foreign Direct investments - Pro & Cons
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Since 2005, the International Finance Institute has delivered high quality investment banking, financial modeling, and corporate valuation training to both current finance professionals and all individuals seeking to enter the finance industry. As the Global Leader in Finance and Investment Banking Training, no other firm has trained more current Analysts in more international cities.
Advance your professional career in finance with live hands-on investment banking classes at the International Finance Institute. Our accredited international banking school offers convenient global locations to hone your skills in investment banking. Join our seasoned experts for quality investment banking training in financial modeling, corporate valuation, Mergers And acquisitions (M&A), Leveraged Buy-Outs (LBO) and more.
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GIS can be used to show investment potential and study previous data to estimate ROI and other financial criteria. By using GIS and Geocoding turned excel data sheet information about property values around an existing brownfield and park into mapped data that shows how property values changed over time in relation to distance from the brownfield as it was changed to a greenfield.
Fdi retail policy in india
The document discusses India allowing foreign direct investment in retail. It outlines the key policies: allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. Foreign retailers must invest $100 million with half in infrastructure and source 30% from small/micro Indian industries. Retail investments are approved by the government and only allowed in cities over 1 million people. The document also discusses Walmart seeking clarification on sourcing rules and investigations into potential bribery in Mexico.
FDI IN RETAIL SECTOR
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the retail sector. It provides an overview of India's FDI policies over time, starting in 1991 when FDI was first allowed selectively and increasing allowances over subsequent years. The document also outlines the opportunities that FDI in retail provides, such as employment generation and addressing supply chain issues, as well as challenges like competition from small retailers and emerging human resource needs. Overall it examines the growth of the retail sector in India and implications of allowing increased FDI.
Fdi (1)
The document discusses the introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that while FDI could provide benefits like new jobs, technology, and quality improvements for consumers, there has also been strong opposition from small shop owners who fear being unable to compete with large multinational retailers. The document examines both sides of the issue and considers the experiences of other countries that have allowed FDI in retail as it discusses whether India's retail sector will see more opportunities or challenges from foreign investment.
Fdi
Foreign direct investment can take three forms: horizon, platform, and vertical. Horizon FDI involves duplicating home country activities abroad. Platform FDI involves investing in a country to export to a third country. Vertical FDI moves a firm upstream or downstream in value chains in a host country. FDI provides benefits like increased investment, technology transfer, and competition, but can also undermine economic autonomy and create monopolies. Factors affecting FDI include profitability, costs, economic conditions, government policy, and politics. India introduced economic reforms in 1991 and 2012 to attract more foreign investment, which has increased substantially. The US and China are two of the largest recipients of FDI.
Foreign direct investment
FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in another country to produce or market a product. There are two main forms of FDI: establishing a new operation through a greenfield investment, or acquiring an existing foreign firm. FDI is important for India as it can induce higher overall investment and economic growth, use unutilized natural resources, improve investor confidence, and earn foreign exchange to boost the economy. However, lack of infrastructure and political instability have deterred some FDI in India, while complicated taxes, bureaucracy, corruption, and poor infrastructure also present barriers. The global recession has impacted FDI from the US into India, though investments in sectors like retail and infrastructure may still grow.
invercion extranjera directa
This document defines and discusses foreign direct investment (FDI). It notes that FDI includes mergers and acquisitions as well as building new facilities. There are three main types of FDI: horizontal FDI which duplicates activities in new markets; platform FDI which uses one country as an export base; and vertical FDI which moves across different value chains. The document also examines factors that influence FDI decisions like market access and efficiency, and discusses advantages like technological development and disadvantages like lack of skills development in host countries.
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Gourav Ranjan Sinha presented on the FDI scenario in India. Key points include:
- FDI involves cross-border investment by a company or entity of one country into another country, typically with significant influence over the investee company.
- India liberalized FDI policies in 1991 due to an economic crisis, allowing unprecedented growth of FDI inflows.
- FDI is permitted up to certain caps in various sectors like agriculture, mining, defense, and retail under automatic or government approval routes.
- Services have accounted for most FDI inflows to India compared to manufacturing and agriculture, with telecom, software, and construction seeing growth.
- India has potential to significantly increase its
Foriegn direct investment
Foreign Direct Investment, advantages and Disadvantages, Importance, How much improved, Types of Foreign Direct Investment
Foriegn Direct Investments
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) refers to a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. For an investment to qualify as FDI, the parent company needs to own at least 10% of voting shares or power of the foreign affiliate. Types of FDI include joint ventures, technical collaborations, and setting up branches or project offices. Economic factors that increase FDI inflows include economic growth, deregulation, liberal investment rules, and operational flexibility in the host country.
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This document analyzes Chinese and American foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. It finds that both countries invest most in mining and extractive industries, but Chinese FDI is more diversified, including 15% in construction. Business tax rates and ease of doing business are significant determinants for both countries, though US investment is more sensitive. US FDI correlates with natural resources and better human rights records, while Chinese FDI correlates with trade openness. Overall, the study finds similarities and differences in the motivations and patterns of Chinese and American FDI in Africa.
Retail fdi in india
This document discusses FDI in India's retail sector. It provides an overview of India's retail industry, which is largely unorganized. It then discusses the benefits of FDI, the types of FDI (single brand and multi-brand retail), and the impacts on various stakeholders like farmers, consumers, small businesses and the government. It outlines the debate around the issues like job losses and impact on small retailers. Finally, it discusses the current scenario of FDI in retail in India and provides an overall conclusion that FDI in retail can prove beneficial if implemented properly.
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This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. It outlines the types and determinants of FDI, and both the benefits and costs of FDI for host countries. The document then analyzes FDI policies, incentives and trends in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, and compares them. It identifies challenges to attracting FDI in Bangladesh and provides recommendations to improve FDI inflows, including developing infrastructure, streamlining procedures, ensuring political stability, and privatization.
Foreign Direct Investment - Challanges and Opportunities in the Context of Pa...
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This document presents information on foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, with a focus on the pharmaceutical industry. It defines key terms like globalization, FDI, and portfolio investment. It describes the classification, objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of FDI. It provides data on FDI trends in India over time and top source countries. It also summarizes India's FDI policy and regulations, and analyzes FDI in the pharmaceutical industry specifically, including a SWOT analysis. The conclusion discusses the mostly positive impacts of FDI in India while noting some challenges remain.
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Me fdi and fii in india
FDI refers to foreign direct investment where an investor from one country makes a physical investment into building or expanding a business in another country. FII refers to foreign institutional investors who make short-term investments in a country's financial assets and securities markets. Some key differences are that FDI involves long-term physical investments while FII are short-term financial investments, FDI leads to technology transfer and skills development while FII only results in capital inflows, and FDI has a more direct impact on jobs and wages while FII does not. Both FDI and FII are important sources of foreign capital for India that can boost economic growth but also need to be regulated to avoid volatility and other potential issues.
Impact of FDI in Retail Sector in India
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Foreign Direct Investment involves a firm directly investing in facilities abroad to produce or market goods overseas. There are two main forms - acquisitions of existing foreign firms, or greenfield investments building new facilities. FDI can also take the form of wholly owned subsidiaries or joint ventures with local firms. It can be either horizontal, investing in the same industry abroad, or vertical with suppliers or customers. Motivations for horizontal FDI include reducing transportation costs or strategic behavior, while vertical FDI aims to overcome market imperfections or invest in specialized assets.
SWOT Analysis of FDI in retail sector of India
This document analyzes the SWOT of allowing foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. Currently, FDI is allowed for cash and carry wholesale and single brand retail up to 100% with government approval. The government may now allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail stores over 1 million people. This would organize the retail sector, increase competition, quality control and infrastructure development while bringing in foreign capital. However, political support and global economic conditions remain threats. Overall FDI could benefit India's retail sector which currently contributes significantly to GDP but is unorganized with low productivity.
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The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
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This document summarizes key concepts about foreign direct investment (FDI) from Chapter 6 of an international business textbook. It defines FDI as investing directly in facilities in another country. Companies undertake FDI for reasons such as avoiding potential trade barriers, controlling operations abroad, and overcoming impediments to licensing. The forms of FDI include greenfield investments and acquisitions. Transportation costs, market imperfections, strategic behavior, and location-specific advantages can influence whether companies choose FDI over exporting.
fdi in retail sector in india
FDI allows foreign investment in retail in India. Single-brand retail allows up to 51% FDI for stores selling a single international brand. Multi-brand retail, which allows foreign stores to sell multiple brands, is currently not permitted. Organized retail makes up 3-4% of the market while 96% is unorganized. FDI could impact unorganized retailers through unfair competition but benefit organized retailers and farmers through better prices and supply chains. It may also benefit consumers through variety and quality while creating jobs. Issues around its impact still need monitoring and regulation.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to long-term cross-border investment involving foreign control of production in another country. There are two main types of FDI: greenfield investment which creates new facilities, and mergers and acquisitions which transfer existing assets between countries. FDI can be horizontal between similar industries or vertical along supply chains. Motives for FDI include seeking resources, markets, or efficiencies. While FDI brings technology and jobs, it can also crowd out domestic investment and introduce inappropriate technologies. Host countries must balance these costs and benefits.
foreign direct investment in India (n) economy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has played an important role in the development of the Indian economy. FDI in India has - in a lot of ways - enabled India to achieve a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development. This money has allowed India to focus on the areas that may have needed economic attention, and address the various problems that continue to challenge the country.
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Foreign direct investment can take three forms: horizon, platform, and vertical. Horizon FDI involves duplicating home country activities abroad. Platform FDI involves investing in a country to export to a third country. Vertical FDI moves a firm upstream or downstream in value chains in a host country. FDI provides benefits like increased investment, technology transfer, and competition, but can also undermine economic autonomy and create monopolies. Factors affecting FDI include profitability, costs, economic conditions, government policy, and politics. India introduced economic reforms in 1991 and 2012 to attract more foreign investment, which has increased substantially. The US and China are two of the largest recipients of FDI.
Foreign direct investment
FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in another country to produce or market a product. There are two main forms of FDI: establishing a new operation through a greenfield investment, or acquiring an existing foreign firm. FDI is important for India as it can induce higher overall investment and economic growth, use unutilized natural resources, improve investor confidence, and earn foreign exchange to boost the economy. However, lack of infrastructure and political instability have deterred some FDI in India, while complicated taxes, bureaucracy, corruption, and poor infrastructure also present barriers. The global recession has impacted FDI from the US into India, though investments in sectors like retail and infrastructure may still grow.
invercion extranjera directa
This document defines and discusses foreign direct investment (FDI). It notes that FDI includes mergers and acquisitions as well as building new facilities. There are three main types of FDI: horizontal FDI which duplicates activities in new markets; platform FDI which uses one country as an export base; and vertical FDI which moves across different value chains. The document also examines factors that influence FDI decisions like market access and efficiency, and discusses advantages like technological development and disadvantages like lack of skills development in host countries.
Fdi inflows in india
Gourav Ranjan Sinha presented on the FDI scenario in India. Key points include:
- FDI involves cross-border investment by a company or entity of one country into another country, typically with significant influence over the investee company.
- India liberalized FDI policies in 1991 due to an economic crisis, allowing unprecedented growth of FDI inflows.
- FDI is permitted up to certain caps in various sectors like agriculture, mining, defense, and retail under automatic or government approval routes.
- Services have accounted for most FDI inflows to India compared to manufacturing and agriculture, with telecom, software, and construction seeing growth.
- India has potential to significantly increase its
Foriegn direct investment
Foreign Direct Investment, advantages and Disadvantages, Importance, How much improved, Types of Foreign Direct Investment
Foriegn Direct Investments
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) refers to a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. For an investment to qualify as FDI, the parent company needs to own at least 10% of voting shares or power of the foreign affiliate. Types of FDI include joint ventures, technical collaborations, and setting up branches or project offices. Economic factors that increase FDI inflows include economic growth, deregulation, liberal investment rules, and operational flexibility in the host country.
Presentation 16 April
This document analyzes Chinese and American foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. It finds that both countries invest most in mining and extractive industries, but Chinese FDI is more diversified, including 15% in construction. Business tax rates and ease of doing business are significant determinants for both countries, though US investment is more sensitive. US FDI correlates with natural resources and better human rights records, while Chinese FDI correlates with trade openness. Overall, the study finds similarities and differences in the motivations and patterns of Chinese and American FDI in Africa.
Retail fdi in india
This document discusses FDI in India's retail sector. It provides an overview of India's retail industry, which is largely unorganized. It then discusses the benefits of FDI, the types of FDI (single brand and multi-brand retail), and the impacts on various stakeholders like farmers, consumers, small businesses and the government. It outlines the debate around the issues like job losses and impact on small retailers. Finally, it discusses the current scenario of FDI in retail in India and provides an overall conclusion that FDI in retail can prove beneficial if implemented properly.
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This document presents information on foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, with a focus on the pharmaceutical industry. It defines key terms like globalization, FDI, and portfolio investment. It describes the classification, objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of FDI. It provides data on FDI trends in India over time and top source countries. It also summarizes India's FDI policy and regulations, and analyzes FDI in the pharmaceutical industry specifically, including a SWOT analysis. The conclusion discusses the mostly positive impacts of FDI in India while noting some challenges remain.
Cpf fdi ppt
This document discusses Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF), a Thai agribusiness and food conglomerate. It provides an overview of CPF's history and operations, including its founding in 1978 and core businesses in animal feed, farming, and food. The document also summarizes CPF's international expansion strategy, focusing on key markets like Taiwan, China, and India. It describes CPF's fully integrated production process and ability to understand markets. Finally, it briefly touches on risks of overseas investment and CPF's risk management approach.
Me fdi and fii in india
FDI refers to foreign direct investment where an investor from one country makes a physical investment into building or expanding a business in another country. FII refers to foreign institutional investors who make short-term investments in a country's financial assets and securities markets. Some key differences are that FDI involves long-term physical investments while FII are short-term financial investments, FDI leads to technology transfer and skills development while FII only results in capital inflows, and FDI has a more direct impact on jobs and wages while FII does not. Both FDI and FII are important sources of foreign capital for India that can boost economic growth but also need to be regulated to avoid volatility and other potential issues.
Impact of FDI in Retail Sector in India
A research work that aims to predict the impact of FDI in Indian retail sector by studying comparable countries
Ba178 fdi
Foreign Direct Investment involves a firm directly investing in facilities abroad to produce or market goods overseas. There are two main forms - acquisitions of existing foreign firms, or greenfield investments building new facilities. FDI can also take the form of wholly owned subsidiaries or joint ventures with local firms. It can be either horizontal, investing in the same industry abroad, or vertical with suppliers or customers. Motivations for horizontal FDI include reducing transportation costs or strategic behavior, while vertical FDI aims to overcome market imperfections or invest in specialized assets.
SWOT Analysis of FDI in retail sector of India
This document analyzes the SWOT of allowing foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. Currently, FDI is allowed for cash and carry wholesale and single brand retail up to 100% with government approval. The government may now allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail stores over 1 million people. This would organize the retail sector, increase competition, quality control and infrastructure development while bringing in foreign capital. However, political support and global economic conditions remain threats. Overall FDI could benefit India's retail sector which currently contributes significantly to GDP but is unorganized with low productivity.
FDI in INDIA & CHINA
The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
Chapter 4 part 2(Foreign Direct Investment)
This document summarizes key concepts about foreign direct investment (FDI) from Chapter 6 of an international business textbook. It defines FDI as investing directly in facilities in another country. Companies undertake FDI for reasons such as avoiding potential trade barriers, controlling operations abroad, and overcoming impediments to licensing. The forms of FDI include greenfield investments and acquisitions. Transportation costs, market imperfections, strategic behavior, and location-specific advantages can influence whether companies choose FDI over exporting.
fdi in retail sector in india
FDI allows foreign investment in retail in India. Single-brand retail allows up to 51% FDI for stores selling a single international brand. Multi-brand retail, which allows foreign stores to sell multiple brands, is currently not permitted. Organized retail makes up 3-4% of the market while 96% is unorganized. FDI could impact unorganized retailers through unfair competition but benefit organized retailers and farmers through better prices and supply chains. It may also benefit consumers through variety and quality while creating jobs. Issues around its impact still need monitoring and regulation.
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Fdifinal 1223722876938128-9
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to long-term cross-border investment involving foreign control of production in another country. There are two main types of FDI: greenfield investment which creates new facilities, and mergers and acquisitions which transfer existing assets between countries. FDI can be horizontal between similar industries or vertical along supply chains. Motives for FDI include seeking resources, markets, or efficiencies. While FDI brings technology and jobs, it can also crowd out domestic investment and introduce inappropriate technologies. Host countries must balance these costs and benefits.
foreign direct investment in India (n) economy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has played an important role in the development of the Indian economy. FDI in India has - in a lot of ways - enabled India to achieve a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development. This money has allowed India to focus on the areas that may have needed economic attention, and address the various problems that continue to challenge the country.
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FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities in a foreign country. There are two main forms of FDI: equity capital and reinvested earnings. Firms prefer FDI over exporting or licensing for several reasons, including limitations of exporting, licensing, and strategic considerations. FDI flows are influenced by factors like the product life cycle, location-specific advantages, and knowledge spillovers. While FDI can benefit host countries through jobs and resources, it also presents costs like impacts on competition and perceived loss of sovereignty. Colombia received over $8.5 billion in FDI in 2009 and over $9.48 billion in 2010, with gold mining attracting over $4.5 billion between 2010-2020
Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment involves a company from one country establishing business operations or acquiring assets in another country. There are several strategic reasons for foreign direct investment, including seeking resources, markets, efficiencies, or strategic assets. Foreign direct investment can provide benefits like job creation, tax revenue, and access to resources, markets and technologies for both home and host countries. However, it also carries some costs such as cultural interference, unhealthy competition, overuse of local resources, and loss of capital or jobs for host countries.
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The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), which occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities in a foreign country. FDI has increased significantly over the past 30 years and can take the form of greenfield investments or acquisitions. Key factors driving the growth of FDI include avoiding trade barriers, deregulation in many countries, and the globalization of markets. There are both benefits and costs of FDI for home and host countries to consider. Government policies can influence FDI flows into and out of their countries through various incentives and restrictions.
Foreign direct investment in India
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a company or individual from one country makes a substantial long-term investment in a business located in another country. FDI brings not only capital but also skills and technology. India allows FDI through both an automatic route that does not require government approval and a government route that does require approval. While FDI is allowed in most sectors and can be up to 100% in some industries, it is prohibited in sectors like atomic energy, gambling, real estate, and tobacco. The advantages of FDI for India include increased employment, economic growth, human resource development, infrastructure development, and access to finance and technology, while potential disadvantages include loss of small businesses and cultural changes.
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The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), including how FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities abroad. It has increased significantly in recent decades as firms undertake greenfield investments or acquisitions in foreign countries. Theories explore why firms choose FDI over alternatives and the factors influencing the pattern of FDI flows between countries.
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International business investments
This document discusses various types of international investments including official development assistance (ODA), foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), and foreign institutional investment (FII). It provides definitions and details on ODA, including the organizations that provide it and how it flows. It also discusses the different types of international investments, including direct investments like FDI and indirect investments like FPI. The document outlines the significance and limitations of foreign investment. It provides details on FDI, including the different types and modes of entry.
Foreign direct investment (unit 5)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a company from one country making a physical investment in building or expanding a business in another country. There are several potential benefits of FDI for host countries, including transferring technology, exploiting natural resources, and generating employment. However, the effects of FDI depend on the type (e.g. greenfield vs mergers and acquisitions) and can include both positive and negative externalities. Political risk also affects foreign investment and refers to complications from political decisions and instability in a country that impact business objectives and outcomes.
Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is important for India's economic growth. It brings capital, technology, and business expertise to speed up development. FDI comes to India in various forms, including setting up subsidiaries, joint ventures, portfolio investments, and loans. Major sectors receiving FDI are infrastructure, automotive, pharmaceuticals, and defense. While FDI benefits India, it also faces challenges like inadequate infrastructure and complex regulations. The government is taking steps like liberalizing sectors and improving ease of business to promote greater FDI inflows under its Make in India initiative.
International Business 10eBy Charles W.L. HillCopy.docx
International Business 10e
By Charles W.L. Hill
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Chapter 8
Foreign Direct
Investment
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8-*
What Is FDI?Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities to produce and/or market in a foreign countrythe firm becomes a multinational enterpriseFDI can be in the form of greenfield investments - the establishment of a wholly new operation in a foreign countryacquisitions or mergers with existing firms in the foreign country
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Greenfield operation:mostly in developing nations
Mergers and acquisitions:quicker to executeforeign firms have valuable strategic assetsbelieve they can increase the efficiency of the acquired firmmore prevalent in developed nations
The Opening Case: Foreign Retailers in India describes the challenges faced by foreign retailers that are trying to gain a foothold in India, despite political objections from local officials.
8-*
What Is FDI?The flow of FDI - the amount of FDI undertaken over a given time period Outflows of FDI are the flows of FDI out of a countryInflows of FDI are the flows of FDI into a countryThe stock of FDI - the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time
*
LO 1: Recognize current trends regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world economy.
8-*
What Are The Patterns Of FDI?Both the flow and stock of FDI have increased over the last 35 yearsMost FDI is still targeted towards developed nations United States, Japan, and the EUbut, other destinations are emergingSouth, East, and South East Asia especially China Latin America
*
Country Focus: Foreign Direct Investment in China explores investment opportunities in China. In the late 1970s, China opened its doors to foreign investors. By the mid 2000s, China attracted $60 billion of FDI annually. China’s large population is a magnet for many companies and because high tariffs make it difficult to export to the Chinese market, firms frequently turn to foreign direct investment. However, many companies have found it difficult to conduct business in China, and in recent years investment rates have slowed. In response, the Chinese government, hoping to continue to attract foreign companies has established a number of incentives for would-be investors.
8-*
What Are The Patterns Of FDI?
FDI Outflows 1982-2012 ($ billions)
*
Source: Calculated by the author from United Nations World Investment Report, various editions.
8-*
What Are The Patterns Of FDI?
FDI Inflows by Region 1995-2011 ($ billion)
*
Source: Calculated by the author from United Nations World Investment Report, various editions.
8-*
What Are The Patterns Of FDI?The growth of FDI is a result of
a fear of protectionismwant to circumvent trade barriers
political and economic changesderegulation, privatization, fewer restrictions on FDI
new b.
Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment refers to investment made by foreign companies to establish wholly owned subsidiaries in another country or purchase shares of existing companies to manage them. It provides capital, technology, expertise and new markets for host countries, but can also negatively impact local industries and increase foreign dependence. For home countries, it leads to foreign exchange inflows but can also reduce exports and employment if production shifts abroad.
IBM Lecture Foreign Direct Investment and Political Economy of FD
The document discusses the case of CEMEX, a Mexican cement company that transformed into the third largest cement company in the world through foreign direct investment. It acquired inefficient cement companies in developing countries, transferring skills in customer service, marketing, IT and production. CEMEX also acquired British cement company RMC, which had operations in 22 European nations. The document then defines and discusses different forms of foreign direct investment, including greenfield investment and acquisitions, and their economic rationale and impacts on host countries.
Fdi in india good or bad
This document defines foreign direct investment (FDI) and describes the different types and methods of FDI in India. It provides key facts about FDI in India, including that New Delhi and Mumbai receive most inflows and India is projected to be the second largest FDI destination after China. The advantages of FDI include innovation, technology transfer, employment, and access to global markets, while disadvantages can include effects on local retailers, domestic ownership, and culture. In conclusion, FDI is deemed important for country development despite some disadvantages.
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to investment made by firms or individuals in another country where they are directly involved in operations. FDI brings money, knowledge, skills and technology. Countries commonly receive FDI in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, automobiles and IT where there is skilled labor and growth potential. Examples include a US company opening Chinese operations or China investing in Pakistan under CPEC. FDI can be horizontal, involving the same business abroad, vertical involving related upstream/downstream businesses, or conglomerate involving unrelated industries. FDI advantages include development, jobs and expertise, while disadvantages are displacing local firms and profit repatriation. Pakistan's FDI has fluctuated in recent years from $1
FOREIGN CAPITAL
The document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the different types of foreign capital including foreign aid, private foreign investment, foreign direct investment, and foreign portfolio investment. It notes that foreign capital plays an important role in the early stages of a country's industrialization by increasing resources, undertaking risks, providing technical know-how, setting high standards, facilitating marketing and exports, reducing trade deficits, and increasing competition. The document also discusses India's pre-liberalization period and the need for foreign capital to supplement domestic investment and speed up economic development.
PRESENTATION ON FDI AND FII IN INDIA
PRESENTATION ON FDI AND FII AND INTRODUCTION OF FI AND MERITS AND DEMERITS OF F.D.I AND F.I.I IN INDIA
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在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(RWTH毕业证书)德国亚琛工业大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated
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高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
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三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(nwu毕业证书)美国西北大学毕业证学位证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
在线办理(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
How to Use Payment Vouchers in Odoo 18.
Every business, big or small, deals with outgoing payments. Whether it’s to suppliers for inventory, to employees for salaries, or to vendors for services rendered, keeping track of these expenses is crucial. This is where payment vouchers come in – the unsung heroes of the accounting world.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Seeman_Fiintouch_LLP_Newsletter_Jun_2024.pdf
The Impact of the 2024 Indian
Election Beyond Borders
01. Investment Gyan
02. Market Update
03. Inspiration investment story
一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
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Foreign Direct Investment In Retail Industry
- 1. Presented by : Swathi C R
- 2. FDI..??? MEANING : Foreign Direct Investment, or FDI, is a type of investment that involves the injection of foreign funds into an enterprise that operates in a different country of origin from the investor. 1
- 3. Types… Horizontal FDI: Arises when a firm duplicates its home country-based activities at the same value chain stage in a host country through FDI. Platform FDI: Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country. 2
- 4. Types… Vertical FDI: Takes place when a firm through FDI moves upstream or downstream in different value chains i.e., when firms perform value-adding activities stage by stage in a vertical fashion in a host country. 3
- 5. Advantages … Integration into global economy Economic growth Increased competition Technology diffusion and knowledge transfer Human Resources Development Development of new industries Access to market 4
- 6. Disadvantages… There will be cross-culture conflicts Inflation may be increased. Exploitation of natural resources by foreign players. India will become slave due to entry of foreign players. 5
- 9. Presented by : Swathi C R Thank you…