The document discusses India allowing foreign direct investment in retail. It outlines the key policies: allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. Foreign retailers must invest $100 million with half in infrastructure and source 30% from small/micro Indian industries. Retail investments are approved by the government and only allowed in cities over 1 million people. The document also discusses Walmart seeking clarification on sourcing rules and investigations into potential bribery in Mexico.
The document discusses the introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that while FDI could provide benefits like new jobs, technology, and quality improvements for consumers, there has also been strong opposition from small shop owners who fear being unable to compete with large multinational retailers. The document examines both sides of the issue and considers the experiences of other countries that have allowed FDI in retail as it discusses whether India's retail sector will see more opportunities or challenges from foreign investment.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the retail sector. It provides an overview of India's FDI policies over time, starting in 1991 when FDI was first allowed selectively and increasing allowances over subsequent years. The document also outlines the opportunities that FDI in retail provides, such as employment generation and addressing supply chain issues, as well as challenges like competition from small retailers and emerging human resource needs. Overall it examines the growth of the retail sector in India and implications of allowing increased FDI.
FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in another country to produce or market a product. There are two main forms of FDI: establishing a new operation through a greenfield investment, or acquiring an existing foreign firm. FDI is important for India as it can induce higher overall investment and economic growth, use unutilized natural resources, improve investor confidence, and earn foreign exchange to boost the economy. However, lack of infrastructure and political instability have deterred some FDI in India, while complicated taxes, bureaucracy, corruption, and poor infrastructure also present barriers. The global recession has impacted FDI from the US into India, though investments in sectors like retail and infrastructure may still grow.
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) refers to a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. For an investment to qualify as FDI, the parent company needs to own at least 10% of voting shares or power of the foreign affiliate. Types of FDI include joint ventures, technical collaborations, and setting up branches or project offices. Economic factors that increase FDI inflows include economic growth, deregulation, liberal investment rules, and operational flexibility in the host country.
Foreign Direct Investment In Retail IndustrySwathi CR
This document defines foreign direct investment as investment from foreign companies into enterprises operating in a different country. It describes three types of FDI: horizontal FDI which duplicates home country activities abroad, platform FDI which uses a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical FDI which moves value-adding activities stage by stage across international borders. The document also lists advantages of FDI such as economic growth and technology diffusion, and disadvantages including potential cross-cultural conflicts and inflation.
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) presentation by Pravin & Krishna ArthaProperty
FDI in India discusses foreign direct investment in India, including what FDI is, the types of FDI, why it is required, how it impacts the economy, India's FDI policy, trends in FDI in India, and what attracts FDI to invest in India. The presentation provides an overview of foreign direct investment and its role in India.
This document discusses FDI in India's retail sector. It provides an overview of India's retail industry, which is largely unorganized. It then discusses the benefits of FDI, the types of FDI (single brand and multi-brand retail), and the impacts on various stakeholders like farmers, consumers, small businesses and the government. It outlines the debate around the issues like job losses and impact on small retailers. Finally, it discusses the current scenario of FDI in retail in India and provides an overall conclusion that FDI in retail can prove beneficial if implemented properly.
The document discusses India allowing foreign direct investment in retail. It outlines the key policies: allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. Foreign retailers must invest $100 million with half in infrastructure and source 30% from small/micro Indian industries. Retail investments are approved by the government and only allowed in cities over 1 million people. The document also discusses Walmart seeking clarification on sourcing rules and investigations into potential bribery in Mexico.
The document discusses the introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that while FDI could provide benefits like new jobs, technology, and quality improvements for consumers, there has also been strong opposition from small shop owners who fear being unable to compete with large multinational retailers. The document examines both sides of the issue and considers the experiences of other countries that have allowed FDI in retail as it discusses whether India's retail sector will see more opportunities or challenges from foreign investment.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the retail sector. It provides an overview of India's FDI policies over time, starting in 1991 when FDI was first allowed selectively and increasing allowances over subsequent years. The document also outlines the opportunities that FDI in retail provides, such as employment generation and addressing supply chain issues, as well as challenges like competition from small retailers and emerging human resource needs. Overall it examines the growth of the retail sector in India and implications of allowing increased FDI.
FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in another country to produce or market a product. There are two main forms of FDI: establishing a new operation through a greenfield investment, or acquiring an existing foreign firm. FDI is important for India as it can induce higher overall investment and economic growth, use unutilized natural resources, improve investor confidence, and earn foreign exchange to boost the economy. However, lack of infrastructure and political instability have deterred some FDI in India, while complicated taxes, bureaucracy, corruption, and poor infrastructure also present barriers. The global recession has impacted FDI from the US into India, though investments in sectors like retail and infrastructure may still grow.
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) refers to a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. For an investment to qualify as FDI, the parent company needs to own at least 10% of voting shares or power of the foreign affiliate. Types of FDI include joint ventures, technical collaborations, and setting up branches or project offices. Economic factors that increase FDI inflows include economic growth, deregulation, liberal investment rules, and operational flexibility in the host country.
Foreign Direct Investment In Retail IndustrySwathi CR
This document defines foreign direct investment as investment from foreign companies into enterprises operating in a different country. It describes three types of FDI: horizontal FDI which duplicates home country activities abroad, platform FDI which uses a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical FDI which moves value-adding activities stage by stage across international borders. The document also lists advantages of FDI such as economic growth and technology diffusion, and disadvantages including potential cross-cultural conflicts and inflation.
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) presentation by Pravin & Krishna ArthaProperty
FDI in India discusses foreign direct investment in India, including what FDI is, the types of FDI, why it is required, how it impacts the economy, India's FDI policy, trends in FDI in India, and what attracts FDI to invest in India. The presentation provides an overview of foreign direct investment and its role in India.
This document discusses FDI in India's retail sector. It provides an overview of India's retail industry, which is largely unorganized. It then discusses the benefits of FDI, the types of FDI (single brand and multi-brand retail), and the impacts on various stakeholders like farmers, consumers, small businesses and the government. It outlines the debate around the issues like job losses and impact on small retailers. Finally, it discusses the current scenario of FDI in retail in India and provides an overall conclusion that FDI in retail can prove beneficial if implemented properly.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. It outlines the types and determinants of FDI, and both the benefits and costs of FDI for host countries. The document then analyzes FDI policies, incentives and trends in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, and compares them. It identifies challenges to attracting FDI in Bangladesh and provides recommendations to improve FDI inflows, including developing infrastructure, streamlining procedures, ensuring political stability, and privatization.
FDI refers to foreign direct investment where an investor from one country makes a physical investment into building or expanding a business in another country. FII refers to foreign institutional investors who make short-term investments in a country's financial assets and securities markets. Some key differences are that FDI involves long-term physical investments while FII are short-term financial investments, FDI leads to technology transfer and skills development while FII only results in capital inflows, and FDI has a more direct impact on jobs and wages while FII does not. Both FDI and FII are important sources of foreign capital for India that can boost economic growth but also need to be regulated to avoid volatility and other potential issues.
This document analyzes the SWOT of allowing foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. Currently, FDI is allowed for cash and carry wholesale and single brand retail up to 100% with government approval. The government may now allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail stores over 1 million people. This would organize the retail sector, increase competition, quality control and infrastructure development while bringing in foreign capital. However, political support and global economic conditions remain threats. Overall FDI could benefit India's retail sector which currently contributes significantly to GDP but is unorganized with low productivity.
The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
FDI allows foreign investment in retail in India. Single-brand retail allows up to 51% FDI for stores selling a single international brand. Multi-brand retail, which allows foreign stores to sell multiple brands, is currently not permitted. Organized retail makes up 3-4% of the market while 96% is unorganized. FDI could impact unorganized retailers through unfair competition but benefit organized retailers and farmers through better prices and supply chains. It may also benefit consumers through variety and quality while creating jobs. Issues around its impact still need monitoring and regulation.
Fdi in india:An analysis on the impact of fdi in india’s retail sectorSubhajit Ray
This presentation aims to briefly discuss the critical aspects of FDI in India, present a case study on the success of reforms in the telecommunications sector, analyze both sides of the arguments currently going on regarding FDI in retail and conclude with suggestive measures on the part of the government which can eliminate the negative effects of allowing FDI in India’s retail sector.
1) The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector in India, including the types of retail (single brand, multi-brand), current FDI policies that allow up to 100% in single brand and 51% in multi-brand retail, and the impacts of FDI in retail such as increased competition and quality/variety of products.
2) It also outlines trends in FDI, including growth in specialty retail stores, the continued dominance of unorganized traditional retail, and expansion in smaller cities and towns.
3) FDI provides benefits to India like access to markets and technology, but India must also develop infrastructure and skills to encourage investment and benefit from it.
The document discusses the Indian retail industry. It defines retail as the sale of goods and services from businesses to end users. Retail is the last link between consumers and manufacturers. The retail sector in India is worth $394 billion and is one of the fastest growing in the world. However, over 96% of Indian retail is still unorganized. The document outlines the history and evolution of retail in India from early barter systems to modern formats like supermarkets and malls. Key factors driving growth in the organized retail sector are also discussed.
FDI in retail has the potential to benefit consumers through more choices, lower prices, and improved quality and supply chain efficiency. However, there are also risks like job losses for small retailers and increased competition. India's retail sector is currently dominated by unorganized and family-run small shops. The document discusses the various formats through which FDI can enter India like franchises, wholesale trading, and manufacturing subsidiaries. It also provides an overview of the growth prospects and impact of organized retail on the Indian economy. While FDI can boost investment and infrastructure, policymakers will need to ensure a level playing field for domestic retailers as well.
Impact of FDI on retail sector in IndiaKaran Tyagi
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to investment from one country into another country. Allowing FDI in India's retail sector could provide benefits like new technologies, capital, and management skills but may threaten small unorganized retailers. India's $250 billion retail sector is mostly unorganized but organized retail is growing at 15-20% annually. Major retailers in India include Pantaloon, Tata, Reliance, and others operating stores like Big Bazaar and Reliance Fresh. Common retail formats are mom-and-pop stores, department stores, shopping malls, e-commerce, discount stores, and vending machines.
The document defines retailing as the sale of goods or services directly to final consumers. It notes that retailing is a large global industry dominated by developed countries. In India, retailing is dominated by unorganized mom and pop shops, while organized retail makes up a small portion. The retail landscape in India is discussed, along with major players and consumption categories. Challenges and opportunities for retail in India are outlined. Online retailing and its payment methods and challenges are also summarized. The contribution of retailing to the Indian economy and employment are highlighted.
A project report on analytical study of foreign direct investment in indiaProjects Kart
This document is a project report submitted for a Master's degree that analyzes foreign direct investment in India. It includes sections on introduction/definitions of key terms, history of FDI, objectives of the study, research methodology, and conclusions/recommendations. The introduction provides definitions of foreign direct investment and outlines its importance for both investing countries and host countries. It notes that FDI has grown significantly in recent decades and outlines several theories for why companies engage in FDI.
The document provides an overview of retailing and wholesaling. It defines retailing as selling goods directly to consumers, and wholesaling as selling goods to businesses or retailers. It then discusses different types of retailers like department stores, supermarkets, and discount stores which are classified based on factors like level of service and product lines. The document also covers types of wholesalers including merchant wholesalers, brokers, and manufacturers' agents. It discusses marketing decisions for both retailers and wholesalers.
The document discusses the concept and evolution of retailing in India. It defines retailing as the final step of distribution involving the sale of goods and services to final consumers. Retailing in India has evolved from traditional small family-run stores to the modern organized sector with shopping malls and complexes. Currently, over 90% of Indian retail remains unorganized while organized retail is a growing sector.
This project report provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector of India. It discusses the history of FDI policy in India, including the recent changes allowing FDI in single-brand and multi-brand retail. The report examines the impact of FDI on the retail sector, including benefits such as increased investment and concerns about its effect on small retailers. It also explores the prerequisites for further expanding FDI in retail, such as developing supply chain infrastructure. The project was completed by a student at SMT. CHANDIBAI HIMATMAL MANSUKHANI COLLEGE in Mumbai, India under the guidance of a professor.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to long term cross-border investment involving foreign management and technology transfer. There are inward, outward, and net FDI flows. India promotes productive FDI to stimulate industrialization. FDI increases capital, technology, employment, and aggregate supply and demand. However, FDI can reduce competition and domestic policy control. India's FDI policy allows up to 100% foreign ownership in some sectors with approval. Restrictive regulations, unclear policies, high tariffs, and limited state autonomy present issues for attracting beneficial long-term FDI to India.
FDI refers to direct investment into production in another country through means such as buying an existing company or expanding operations. It provides benefits like access to new markets and technology but also risks like loss of control and effects on the local environment. While there are debates around its impacts, most experts argue that FDI offers more opportunities than disadvantages for India's economy and growth.
Foreign Direct Investment in India (FDI)Ameya Gandhi
This document lists the group members of a project and provides information about foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It summarizes key sectors that receive FDI in India like services, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. It also outlines India's FDI policies and restrictions in different sectors. Major investing countries in India include Mauritius, Singapore, USA, and UK. The document emphasizes the need to attract quality FDI and focus on export-oriented investments to benefit the local economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. It outlines the types and determinants of FDI, and both the benefits and costs of FDI for host countries. The document then analyzes FDI policies, incentives and trends in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, and compares them. It identifies challenges to attracting FDI in Bangladesh and provides recommendations to improve FDI inflows, including developing infrastructure, streamlining procedures, ensuring political stability, and privatization.
FDI refers to foreign direct investment where an investor from one country makes a physical investment into building or expanding a business in another country. FII refers to foreign institutional investors who make short-term investments in a country's financial assets and securities markets. Some key differences are that FDI involves long-term physical investments while FII are short-term financial investments, FDI leads to technology transfer and skills development while FII only results in capital inflows, and FDI has a more direct impact on jobs and wages while FII does not. Both FDI and FII are important sources of foreign capital for India that can boost economic growth but also need to be regulated to avoid volatility and other potential issues.
This document analyzes the SWOT of allowing foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. Currently, FDI is allowed for cash and carry wholesale and single brand retail up to 100% with government approval. The government may now allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail stores over 1 million people. This would organize the retail sector, increase competition, quality control and infrastructure development while bringing in foreign capital. However, political support and global economic conditions remain threats. Overall FDI could benefit India's retail sector which currently contributes significantly to GDP but is unorganized with low productivity.
The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
FDI allows foreign investment in retail in India. Single-brand retail allows up to 51% FDI for stores selling a single international brand. Multi-brand retail, which allows foreign stores to sell multiple brands, is currently not permitted. Organized retail makes up 3-4% of the market while 96% is unorganized. FDI could impact unorganized retailers through unfair competition but benefit organized retailers and farmers through better prices and supply chains. It may also benefit consumers through variety and quality while creating jobs. Issues around its impact still need monitoring and regulation.
Fdi in india:An analysis on the impact of fdi in india’s retail sectorSubhajit Ray
This presentation aims to briefly discuss the critical aspects of FDI in India, present a case study on the success of reforms in the telecommunications sector, analyze both sides of the arguments currently going on regarding FDI in retail and conclude with suggestive measures on the part of the government which can eliminate the negative effects of allowing FDI in India’s retail sector.
1) The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector in India, including the types of retail (single brand, multi-brand), current FDI policies that allow up to 100% in single brand and 51% in multi-brand retail, and the impacts of FDI in retail such as increased competition and quality/variety of products.
2) It also outlines trends in FDI, including growth in specialty retail stores, the continued dominance of unorganized traditional retail, and expansion in smaller cities and towns.
3) FDI provides benefits to India like access to markets and technology, but India must also develop infrastructure and skills to encourage investment and benefit from it.
The document discusses the Indian retail industry. It defines retail as the sale of goods and services from businesses to end users. Retail is the last link between consumers and manufacturers. The retail sector in India is worth $394 billion and is one of the fastest growing in the world. However, over 96% of Indian retail is still unorganized. The document outlines the history and evolution of retail in India from early barter systems to modern formats like supermarkets and malls. Key factors driving growth in the organized retail sector are also discussed.
FDI in retail has the potential to benefit consumers through more choices, lower prices, and improved quality and supply chain efficiency. However, there are also risks like job losses for small retailers and increased competition. India's retail sector is currently dominated by unorganized and family-run small shops. The document discusses the various formats through which FDI can enter India like franchises, wholesale trading, and manufacturing subsidiaries. It also provides an overview of the growth prospects and impact of organized retail on the Indian economy. While FDI can boost investment and infrastructure, policymakers will need to ensure a level playing field for domestic retailers as well.
Impact of FDI on retail sector in IndiaKaran Tyagi
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to investment from one country into another country. Allowing FDI in India's retail sector could provide benefits like new technologies, capital, and management skills but may threaten small unorganized retailers. India's $250 billion retail sector is mostly unorganized but organized retail is growing at 15-20% annually. Major retailers in India include Pantaloon, Tata, Reliance, and others operating stores like Big Bazaar and Reliance Fresh. Common retail formats are mom-and-pop stores, department stores, shopping malls, e-commerce, discount stores, and vending machines.
The document defines retailing as the sale of goods or services directly to final consumers. It notes that retailing is a large global industry dominated by developed countries. In India, retailing is dominated by unorganized mom and pop shops, while organized retail makes up a small portion. The retail landscape in India is discussed, along with major players and consumption categories. Challenges and opportunities for retail in India are outlined. Online retailing and its payment methods and challenges are also summarized. The contribution of retailing to the Indian economy and employment are highlighted.
A project report on analytical study of foreign direct investment in indiaProjects Kart
This document is a project report submitted for a Master's degree that analyzes foreign direct investment in India. It includes sections on introduction/definitions of key terms, history of FDI, objectives of the study, research methodology, and conclusions/recommendations. The introduction provides definitions of foreign direct investment and outlines its importance for both investing countries and host countries. It notes that FDI has grown significantly in recent decades and outlines several theories for why companies engage in FDI.
The document provides an overview of retailing and wholesaling. It defines retailing as selling goods directly to consumers, and wholesaling as selling goods to businesses or retailers. It then discusses different types of retailers like department stores, supermarkets, and discount stores which are classified based on factors like level of service and product lines. The document also covers types of wholesalers including merchant wholesalers, brokers, and manufacturers' agents. It discusses marketing decisions for both retailers and wholesalers.
The document discusses the concept and evolution of retailing in India. It defines retailing as the final step of distribution involving the sale of goods and services to final consumers. Retailing in India has evolved from traditional small family-run stores to the modern organized sector with shopping malls and complexes. Currently, over 90% of Indian retail remains unorganized while organized retail is a growing sector.
This project report provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector of India. It discusses the history of FDI policy in India, including the recent changes allowing FDI in single-brand and multi-brand retail. The report examines the impact of FDI on the retail sector, including benefits such as increased investment and concerns about its effect on small retailers. It also explores the prerequisites for further expanding FDI in retail, such as developing supply chain infrastructure. The project was completed by a student at SMT. CHANDIBAI HIMATMAL MANSUKHANI COLLEGE in Mumbai, India under the guidance of a professor.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to long term cross-border investment involving foreign management and technology transfer. There are inward, outward, and net FDI flows. India promotes productive FDI to stimulate industrialization. FDI increases capital, technology, employment, and aggregate supply and demand. However, FDI can reduce competition and domestic policy control. India's FDI policy allows up to 100% foreign ownership in some sectors with approval. Restrictive regulations, unclear policies, high tariffs, and limited state autonomy present issues for attracting beneficial long-term FDI to India.
FDI refers to direct investment into production in another country through means such as buying an existing company or expanding operations. It provides benefits like access to new markets and technology but also risks like loss of control and effects on the local environment. While there are debates around its impacts, most experts argue that FDI offers more opportunities than disadvantages for India's economy and growth.
Foreign Direct Investment in India (FDI)Ameya Gandhi
This document lists the group members of a project and provides information about foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It summarizes key sectors that receive FDI in India like services, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. It also outlines India's FDI policies and restrictions in different sectors. Major investing countries in India include Mauritius, Singapore, USA, and UK. The document emphasizes the need to attract quality FDI and focus on export-oriented investments to benefit the local economy.
2. MERMER GRANIT LIMRA TUĞLA BETON ............ SU GECIRIMSIZ YAĞ İTİCİ KOLAY TEMİZLENEBİLİR KENDİNİ TEMİZLEME ÖZELLIĞI VH72 VH92 VH 72N VH920/A15 VH001 YNEWENI! YENI!
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7. İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE VH72 Yağmur (asit) Yağ Kir Yüzey sıvı ve kirliliğe dirençli, ama hala ‘nefes alabilir ’ Koruma özelliği K orunmamış yüzey Yağmur (asit) Yağ Kir Korunmuş yüzey Hava ve gaz gecçirgenliği
9. Bu çalışma bağımsız bir laboratuar olan (Laboratoire d’Etude des Materiaux Saverne, France), NF T 30-049 standardlarına göre yapılmıştır.ZONYL ® endüstriyel çevrede 100 defa hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma testinden sonra etkili su iticiliğe sahip olduğunu onaylamaktadır. (10 yıl doğal yaşlandırmaya denk geliyor). İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE VH72
10.
11. PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRMESİ Prosedür : Test sıvısının en düşük rakamından başlayarak, dikkatlice bir damlayı yüzeyin farklı yüzeylerine yerleştirin. 30 saniye (yağ) veya 10 saniye (su) de ıslanana kadar en yüksek test rakamına kadar birer artırarak ulaşın. Yüzeyi ıslatmıyor / Islak yüzey su ve yağ iticilik ölçümü
18. SU BUHARI VH72 KİMYASAL VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER VH72 Yüzeye yağ ve su iticilik sağlamakta Yüzey su ,leke, Yağa dayanimi olmasina rağmen nefes almaya devam etmekte ’ CF _ groups F F F F F F F F F F F SU YAĞ HAVA SU BUHARI SU BUHAR HAVA HAVA
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20. VH72 KİMYASAL YAPI ÖZELLİKLERİ Su itici ek Surfactant Polymer Lineer Fluore zincir yol R f R f R f R f R f Polimer Dayanak
21. Malzeme Yuzey gerilim[mN/m] Su (distile) 73 Organik kaplamalar 35-40 Polyurethane 31 Islatma Parafin 26 Silikone 24 Yağ ve yağlı lekeler 23 PTFE 18 Iticilik VH72 kaplı yüzey 13-17 VH72 KİMYASAL YAPI ÖZELLİKLERİ
22. Itici etki Θ > 90° Damlanın yayılımı Kolay temizleme özeliği Malzemeyi yüzeyden almak ve temizleme zorluğu Yuksek değme açısı Düşük değme açısı Düşük yüzey gerilimi Gözeneksiz yüzeylerde etki F F F F F F F F F F F F VH72 ISLATAMA ÖZELİĞİ g = 32 g L = 32 g S > 70 g S ~ 15
23. Gözenekli Yapılarda davranış özellikleri Su gözeneklerin üzerinde durmakta Su gözeneklere işlemekte VH72 KİMYASAL YAPI ÖZELLİKLERİ Yuksek geriliml yüzey kaplama Alçak gerilimli yüzey kaplama Gözenek