Foreign bodies in children refer to objects or substances that are not naturally found within the body and have entered it accidentally or intentionally. Children, particularly toddlers and young kids, are at a higher risk of ingesting or inserting foreign bodies due to their natural curiosity and tendency to explore their surroundings by putting things in their mouths, nose, ears, or other body orifices. Common Sites for Foreign Bodies: Nose, Ears, Throat, Esophagus, Lungs, Gastrointestinal Tract, Eyes, Skin & Genitalia.

1. FOREIGN BODY:
ASPIRATION, NOSE, EAR
Mr. Pradeep Abothu, PhD Scholar.
Associate Professor.
ASRAM College of Nursing, AP.
Dept. Of Child Health Nursing.
@pradeep.nur

2. Introduction
• Foreign bodies in children refer to objects or substances that are not
naturally found within the body and have entered it accidentally or
intentionally.
• Children, particularly toddlers and young kids, are at a
higher risk of ingesting or inserting foreign bodies due
to their natural curiosity and tendency to explore their
surroundings by putting things in their mouths, nose,
ears, or other body orifices.

3. Common Sites for Foreign Bodies:
• Nose
• Ears
• Throat
• Esophagus
• Lungs
• Gastrointestinal Tract
• Eyes
• Skin
• Genitalia.

4. FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION
Foreign body aspiration is a medical emergency that occurs when a
solid or liquid object enters the airway and is breathed into the lungs. This
can lead to serious respiratory issues and requires immediate attention.

5. Commonly Aspirated Foreign Bodies:
• Food Items like nuts, grapes, popcorn, and
seeds.
• Small Toys or Objects like buttons, beads, or
small parts of toys.
• Coins
• Small objects like pen caps, pencils, or
pieces of plastic may also be aspirated.
• Balloons.

6. Clinical features:
• Sudden Coughing
• Choking
• Wheezing
• Shortness of Breath
• Chest Pain
• Stridor
• Cyanosis
• Coughing Up Blood or Mucus

7. Management:
• The management of foreign body aspiration in children, as recommended by
the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), involves a systematic approach.
• For Infants under 1 year of age, the recommended approach involves back
slaps and chest thrusts with the infant positioned head-down.
• When dealing with children aged 1 year and older, abdominal thrusts, also
known as the Heimlich maneuver, are recommended.

8. For Infants (younger than 1 year of age):
• Back Blows: Place the infant stomach down across the forearm and deliver
five quick, forceful blows to the infant's back with the heel of the hand.
• Chest Thrusts: Turn the infant over while keeping the head below the level of
the trunk. Provide five quick chest thrusts similar to chest compressions
using two fingers on the lower half of the sternum, about a finger's breadth
below the nipple. Alternate between these actions until the foreign object is
expelled.

10. For Children Over 1 Year Old:
The Heimlich Maneuver: The Heimlich maneuver is an effective technique used to
remove an obstructing foreign body from the airway. It increases pressure in the chest,
helping to force out the object blocking the airway.
• Back Blows: Begin by making the child lean forward and delivering five blows to their
back using the heel of the hand.
• Abdominal Thrusts: If the back blows are unsuccessful, stand behind the child, wrap
arms around their waist, and form a fist with one hand. Position the thumb side of the
fist just above the child's navel, well below the breastbone. Grasp the fist with the
other hand, then administer five quick, upward, and inward thrusts with the fists.
Continue alternating between five back blows and five abdominal thrusts until the
foreign object is dislodged, and the child can breathe or cough on their own.

12. FOREIGN BODY IN NOSE
• Foreign bodies in the nose in children are objects or substances that are inserted
into the nasal passages, by children, either accidentally or intentionally.
• These objects can vary in size and type and may lead to discomfort, irritation, or
complications if not managed properly.

13. Clinical Manifestations
Children with foreign bodies in the nose may exhibit various clinical
manifestations, including:
• Unilateral Nasal Blockage
• Foul-smelling Nasal Discharge & possibly bloody.
• Pain and Discomfort
• Sneezing and Rhinorrhea
• Nasal Irritation
• Respiratory Obstruction

14. Management
• If the foreign body in the child's nose is visible and can be reached easily, use
specialized tools like forceps or suction devices to remove it safely. In cases
where the foreign body is deeply embedded or difficult to access, they may opt
for balloon catheter removal.
 Balloon catheter removal involves inserting a deflated catheter past the
foreign body in the nasal passage. The balloon is then inflated and gently
withdrawn, pulling the object out. This method is effective for round objects
that cannot be easily grasped with forceps, minimizing trauma and ensuring a
controlled extraction.

16. FOREIGN BODY IN EAR
Foreign bodies in the ear canal can be anything a child can push into
his or her ear. children, who may insert small objects or substances into their
ears out of curiosity.

17. Some of the items that are commonly found in the ear canal include:
• Food particles
• Insects
• Small toys
• Buttons
• Fragments of crayon
• Pen caps
• Tiny batteries

18. Clinical Manifestations
Children with foreign bodies in the ear may experience a range of clinical
manifestations, including:
• Ear Pain or Discomfort
• Ear Discharge
• Irritation
• Hearing Impairment
• Tinnitus

19. Management
Medical Management: Depending on the type and location of the foreign body in
the ear, treatment may include:
• Application of numbing medicine before removal attempts.
• Administration of sedatives and pain medications to ensure patient comfort and
relaxation.
• Prescription of antibiotics to prevent infection.

20. Standard Removal Methods: There are three
standard methods for removing foreign bodies
from the ear canal:
• Irrigation: Body-temperature water is used to
flush the object out of the canal. Not suitable for
batteries or objects that may expand when wet.
• Suction: A machine with a small plastic tube may
be used to suction out small objects.

21. • Instrumentation: Instruments like forceps,
hooks, or curettes are employed to safely
extract the foreign body. Specialized tools like
alligator or crocodile forceps are effective for
grasping various objects, such as cotton wool,
paper, foam sponge pieces, and insects.

22. • Chemical Approaches: Chemicals like hydrogen peroxide or acetone may be used
to dissolve dried glue. Acetone is also effective for removing gum or plastic foam.
In the case of live insects, mineral oil can be applied to immobilize the insect
before removal.
• Surgical Management: Surgical intervention may be necessary if the foreign
body is deeply embedded in the ear. Surgery can also be employed to address
ear damage resulting from the presence of the foreign body.

23. THANKS!