This document discusses foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat. It notes that most patients are children and describes common foreign bodies like beads, toys, and food. It outlines techniques for removing ear and nose foreign bodies, like irrigation, forceps, and suction. Ear foreign bodies can be difficult to remove if tightly lodged. Throat foreign bodies require endoscopy due to risks. While many ear and nose foreign bodies can be removed in the office, complications increase with failed attempts so referral is advised if initial removal does not work.
4.Mathew P, Tiwari R, David J, Tiwari H. A review on foreign body obstruction in throat and a case of molar tooth in esophagus. Int J Med Rev. 2016;3(3):469-471. doi:10.15171/ijmr.2016.02.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 23rd publication IJMR 2nd name
This document discusses foreign bodies in the external ear, including signs and symptoms, types of foreign bodies, techniques for removal, complications, and nursing care. It provides an example of a 3-year-old girl admitted with a bead lodged in her left ear canal for over a month. The key points are: foreign bodies are common in children; common symptoms include ear pain and discharge; types include organic materials like nuts and inorganic materials like beads; careful removal techniques depend on the object's type and location; complications can include infection if not addressed; and education on prevention is important for parents.
This document provides information on managing and removing ear foreign bodies in children. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which include describing signs and symptoms, identifying foreign body types, preparing equipment, differentiating complications, planning nursing care, and providing health education. Common foreign bodies are then described including location in the ear. Techniques for removal depending on type and location are explained. Potential complications are outlined. The case study provides background on a 3-year-old girl admitted with a bead lodged in her ear along with her treatment course and nursing care including health education provided at discharge.
This patient presented with hard of hearing and tinnitus. Examination showed normal ear drums with normal mobility. The audiogram showed a characteristic notch known as Carhart's notch, centered around 2000Hz, which is typically seen in otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is likely the diagnosis for this patient based on the clinical findings and audiogram results.
This patient presented with conductive hearing loss and tinnitus in the left ear. Examination showed normal appearing ear drums with normal mobility. The audiogram showed a characteristic Carhart's notch, indicating the probable diagnosis of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis causes stapes fixation leading to conductive hearing loss and is identified by the notch on bone conduction testing.
- The document discusses common emergencies seen in otolaryngology, including foreign bodies in the ear, nose, throat and airway, as well as epistaxis (nosebleeds).
- For foreign bodies, it describes methods of removal including forceps, suction, irrigation, microscopic techniques, and surgical approaches. It provides details on different types of foreign bodies and techniques for specific locations.
- For epistaxis, it discusses causes, classifications, and management methods like cauterization, packing, endoscopic techniques, and embolization to control bleeding.
The document discusses foreign bodies in pediatric patients. It defines foreign bodies as objects not meant to be in the body. Common locations are the ears, nose, throat and airway in young children. Symptoms depend on the location and object. Examinations like inspection, history and tests like x-rays can identify the object. Treatments may include removal with catheters or forceps or referring to specialists. Education is needed to prevent foreign bodies.
4.Mathew P, Tiwari R, David J, Tiwari H. A review on foreign body obstruction in throat and a case of molar tooth in esophagus. Int J Med Rev. 2016;3(3):469-471. doi:10.15171/ijmr.2016.02.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 23rd publication IJMR 2nd name
This document discusses foreign bodies in the external ear, including signs and symptoms, types of foreign bodies, techniques for removal, complications, and nursing care. It provides an example of a 3-year-old girl admitted with a bead lodged in her left ear canal for over a month. The key points are: foreign bodies are common in children; common symptoms include ear pain and discharge; types include organic materials like nuts and inorganic materials like beads; careful removal techniques depend on the object's type and location; complications can include infection if not addressed; and education on prevention is important for parents.
This document provides information on managing and removing ear foreign bodies in children. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which include describing signs and symptoms, identifying foreign body types, preparing equipment, differentiating complications, planning nursing care, and providing health education. Common foreign bodies are then described including location in the ear. Techniques for removal depending on type and location are explained. Potential complications are outlined. The case study provides background on a 3-year-old girl admitted with a bead lodged in her ear along with her treatment course and nursing care including health education provided at discharge.
This patient presented with hard of hearing and tinnitus. Examination showed normal ear drums with normal mobility. The audiogram showed a characteristic notch known as Carhart's notch, centered around 2000Hz, which is typically seen in otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is likely the diagnosis for this patient based on the clinical findings and audiogram results.
This patient presented with conductive hearing loss and tinnitus in the left ear. Examination showed normal appearing ear drums with normal mobility. The audiogram showed a characteristic Carhart's notch, indicating the probable diagnosis of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis causes stapes fixation leading to conductive hearing loss and is identified by the notch on bone conduction testing.
- The document discusses common emergencies seen in otolaryngology, including foreign bodies in the ear, nose, throat and airway, as well as epistaxis (nosebleeds).
- For foreign bodies, it describes methods of removal including forceps, suction, irrigation, microscopic techniques, and surgical approaches. It provides details on different types of foreign bodies and techniques for specific locations.
- For epistaxis, it discusses causes, classifications, and management methods like cauterization, packing, endoscopic techniques, and embolization to control bleeding.
The document discusses foreign bodies in pediatric patients. It defines foreign bodies as objects not meant to be in the body. Common locations are the ears, nose, throat and airway in young children. Symptoms depend on the location and object. Examinations like inspection, history and tests like x-rays can identify the object. Treatments may include removal with catheters or forceps or referring to specialists. Education is needed to prevent foreign bodies.
Foreign body aspiration is common in young children between 1-4 years old due to their curiosity and exploration. Common aspirated objects include small toys, foods, and coins. Clinical features may include coughing, wheezing, stridor, or cyanosis depending on the location of the foreign body. Emergent treatment involves back blows, chest thrusts, or abdominal thrusts to dislodge objects and prevent complete airway obstruction. Foreign bodies in other orifices like ears and nose are also common in young children and require careful removal to prevent further lodging or tissue damage.
This document discusses foreign bodies in the esophagus. It notes that coins and food items are commonly ingested, especially by children and elderly patients. Symptoms depend on the patient's age but may include irritability, coughing, and difficulty swallowing. Radiography is the main diagnostic tool, where radio-opaque objects like coins can be seen. Treatment depends on the object's size, shape and location. Flexible endoscopy under local anesthesia is generally preferred but surgery may be needed for sharp or impacted objects or if perforation is suspected. Complications of removal procedures include esophageal trauma and infections.
An ear instillation involves introducing ear drops into the ear canal. The document outlines the purpose, contraindications, necessary equipment, and nursing procedure for administering ear drops. The procedure involves assessing the ear, warming the drops, positioning the patient, administering the correct number of drops into the canal, having the patient remain positioned for absorption, and documenting the administration. Special considerations are noted for pediatric patients and in cases of tympanic membrane perforation.
Gastrointestinal foreign bodies commonly affect children under 3 years old who accidentally ingest coins or toys, and can require endoscopic removal. Adults may intentionally swallow foreign objects and have higher risks of complications like perforation. Clinicians must consider an object's size, shape and location when determining appropriate conservative management or urgent endoscopic retrieval to prevent serious injuries.
This document discusses methods for assessing and diagnosing hearing disorders, as well as communicating with those who have hearing loss. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the ear, causes and manifestations of hearing loss, nursing care for ear surgeries and disorders, and proper hearing aid use and care. The learner will be able to describe assessment techniques, identify causes and symptoms of hearing loss, and provide effective communication and post-surgical care for patients with ear disorders.
Foreign bodies in the ear are common, especially in children. Common objects include beads, beans, and insects. Treatment depends on the type and location of the object. Less invasive methods like irrigation or suction should be tried first. If the object is not removable, a specialist may need to perform removal under anesthesia to avoid injury. Complications can occur if the object is forcefully removed, so care must be taken during any removal procedure.
Hazards of swallowing orthodontic appliancesMaher Fouda
The document discusses the clinical examination process for orthodontic patients, including assessing risks of foreign body aspiration or ingestion. A thorough examination involves obtaining medical history, conducting extra-oral and intra-oral exams, and taking radiographs. It is important to evaluate predisposing factors that could increase risks, such as medications, medical conditions, or behaviors. Symptoms may vary depending on the location of any foreign objects in the airway, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract. Proper patient positioning and emergency procedures should be followed to address any potential complications.
This document discusses primary care for trauma patients, with a focus on airway management. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the primary survey, with sections dedicated to each step. For airway management ("A"), it describes techniques for assessing and securing the airway without surgery, including positioning, suction, tongue control, and endotracheal intubation. Surgical techniques like tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy are discussed as options if non-surgical methods fail. The secondary survey involves more extensive testing and examination to fully evaluate the patient's condition once stabilized.
Assess breathing by looking, listening and feeling.
Look for chest rise and fall, respiratory effort and symmetry.
Listen over the chest, back and upper abdomen.
Feel for breath sounds with your hand or stethoscope.
Manage life-threatening causes of inadequate breathing such as tension pneumothorax or flail chest.
C: Circulation
The document discusses the physical examination of the ear, including inspection of the external ear, otoscopy, and evaluation of gross auditory acuity. It also outlines several diagnostic evaluations used to indirectly measure the auditory and vestibular systems, such as audiometry, tympanometry, auditory brainstem response testing, electronystagmography, and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing. Middle ear endoscopy is also described as a method to examine the middle ear structure.
This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of using endoscopy to perform myringotomy and insert tympanostomy tubes in 178 children with otitis media with effusion. The average patient age was 8.6 years. Endoscopy allowed visualization of the eardrum and safe insertion of ventilation tubes in an average of 2.4 minutes per ear. The most common causes of otitis media were adenoid hypertrophy (140 patients) and allergy (38 patients). Post-operative care involved medications and precautions to prevent infection. The results indicate endoscopy is a safe and effective method for grommet insertion with advantages for teaching, but no proven benefits over traditional methods for post-operative outcomes.
Ear irrigation involves flushing liquid into the ear canal to remove earwax buildup. The document provides detailed instructions on performing ear irrigation safely and effectively, including examining the ear, using the appropriate equipment, following steps to irrigate while avoiding pain or complications, and documenting the procedure. Nurses must be properly trained to examine for contraindications, obtain consent, carry out irrigation at a low pressure, and treat or refer as needed. Thorough documentation is required.
Emergency management of patients with facial traumaAhmed Adawy
Maxillofacial trauma requires careful assessment and management of the airway to prevent obstruction. The primary survey assesses and treats immediate life threats like airway, breathing, and hemorrhage. Airway management may require basic techniques like chin lift or advanced methods like endotracheal intubation. Bleeding is also a risk and can often be controlled through fracture reduction, packing, or embolization. Fluid resuscitation must balance preventing further blood loss with restoring perfusion.
Trauma to the auricle and ear canal
Its Complications
Treatment plan
Ear wax ,its composition, clinical features and management
Foreign body to the ear and its types
Treatment for foreign body in ear
Hematoma of The Auricle
Collection of blood between the auricular cartilage and its perichondrium.
Often result of blunt trauma seen in boxers, wrestlers and rugby players.
Extravasated blood may clot and then organize, resulting in a typical deformity called cauliflower ear (pugilistic or boxer’s ear)
If hematoma gets infected, severe perichondritis may occur.
This document discusses foreign bodies in the ear. It notes that foreign bodies in the ear can be either organic or inorganic materials that get stuck in the ear canal. Common organic foreign bodies include beans, nuts, and worms, while inorganic examples include beads, metals, and plastics. Signs of a foreign body in the ear include ear fullness, trouble hearing, itching, earache, fever, redness, bleeding, and drainage. Treatment depends on the type and size of the foreign body, and may involve irrigation, suction, or instrumentation to remove it. Complications can include ear canal abrasions, bleeding, infection, or perforation of the eardrum.
Foreign bodies in the ear are common, especially in children. Common foreign bodies include cotton, insects, and small toys or objects. Before removing a foreign body, its nature, precise location, and the patient's cooperation should be considered. Living insects should be killed first before removal. Irregular objects can often be removed with forceps, while round, hard objects may require hooks or irrigation. Button batteries require urgent removal to prevent leakage. Foreign bodies deeper in the ear canal may require surgical removal. Younger children may need gentle irrigation to remove objects while gaining their trust. Underlying ear issues should be checked for after removal. Potential complications include ear canal lacerations, ear drum perforations, and facial nerve palsy from
Congenital Malformations of Respiratory System in Children.docxElsieBriella
Theme 1 Congenital Malformations of Respiratory System in Children. Pediatric surgery department.
Overview:
Congenital anomalies account for one third of infant deaths and are one of the leading causes of death in this age group in most developed countries. Congenital malformations of the respiratory system now rank second, behind those of the cardiovascular system, as a cause of infant mortality. With a rate of 0.25 death per 1000 live births, they have surpassed those of the nervous system (0.23 per 1000) in the past decade in the United States.
Educational aims:
The aim of this part of module is to provide help in identifying those children with congenital malformations of airway and lungs and to provide guidance on the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, defining indications for surgery and choice of optimal surgical treatment.
Hernias and Genital Anomalies among Primary School Pupils in Ikenne Local Gov...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document describes a case report of a 2-year-old girl who had inserted a piece of facial tissue into her left nostril. Emergency department physicians were unable to visualize the foreign body but used an oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to successfully remove the friable tissue in less than 3 minutes without complications. The technique uses positive pressure from a pediatric bag-valve-mask to remove soft, friable objects like the facial tissue in this case.
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Healthaghedogodday
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
Foreign body aspiration is common in young children between 1-4 years old due to their curiosity and exploration. Common aspirated objects include small toys, foods, and coins. Clinical features may include coughing, wheezing, stridor, or cyanosis depending on the location of the foreign body. Emergent treatment involves back blows, chest thrusts, or abdominal thrusts to dislodge objects and prevent complete airway obstruction. Foreign bodies in other orifices like ears and nose are also common in young children and require careful removal to prevent further lodging or tissue damage.
This document discusses foreign bodies in the esophagus. It notes that coins and food items are commonly ingested, especially by children and elderly patients. Symptoms depend on the patient's age but may include irritability, coughing, and difficulty swallowing. Radiography is the main diagnostic tool, where radio-opaque objects like coins can be seen. Treatment depends on the object's size, shape and location. Flexible endoscopy under local anesthesia is generally preferred but surgery may be needed for sharp or impacted objects or if perforation is suspected. Complications of removal procedures include esophageal trauma and infections.
An ear instillation involves introducing ear drops into the ear canal. The document outlines the purpose, contraindications, necessary equipment, and nursing procedure for administering ear drops. The procedure involves assessing the ear, warming the drops, positioning the patient, administering the correct number of drops into the canal, having the patient remain positioned for absorption, and documenting the administration. Special considerations are noted for pediatric patients and in cases of tympanic membrane perforation.
Gastrointestinal foreign bodies commonly affect children under 3 years old who accidentally ingest coins or toys, and can require endoscopic removal. Adults may intentionally swallow foreign objects and have higher risks of complications like perforation. Clinicians must consider an object's size, shape and location when determining appropriate conservative management or urgent endoscopic retrieval to prevent serious injuries.
This document discusses methods for assessing and diagnosing hearing disorders, as well as communicating with those who have hearing loss. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the ear, causes and manifestations of hearing loss, nursing care for ear surgeries and disorders, and proper hearing aid use and care. The learner will be able to describe assessment techniques, identify causes and symptoms of hearing loss, and provide effective communication and post-surgical care for patients with ear disorders.
Foreign bodies in the ear are common, especially in children. Common objects include beads, beans, and insects. Treatment depends on the type and location of the object. Less invasive methods like irrigation or suction should be tried first. If the object is not removable, a specialist may need to perform removal under anesthesia to avoid injury. Complications can occur if the object is forcefully removed, so care must be taken during any removal procedure.
Hazards of swallowing orthodontic appliancesMaher Fouda
The document discusses the clinical examination process for orthodontic patients, including assessing risks of foreign body aspiration or ingestion. A thorough examination involves obtaining medical history, conducting extra-oral and intra-oral exams, and taking radiographs. It is important to evaluate predisposing factors that could increase risks, such as medications, medical conditions, or behaviors. Symptoms may vary depending on the location of any foreign objects in the airway, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract. Proper patient positioning and emergency procedures should be followed to address any potential complications.
This document discusses primary care for trauma patients, with a focus on airway management. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the primary survey, with sections dedicated to each step. For airway management ("A"), it describes techniques for assessing and securing the airway without surgery, including positioning, suction, tongue control, and endotracheal intubation. Surgical techniques like tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy are discussed as options if non-surgical methods fail. The secondary survey involves more extensive testing and examination to fully evaluate the patient's condition once stabilized.
Assess breathing by looking, listening and feeling.
Look for chest rise and fall, respiratory effort and symmetry.
Listen over the chest, back and upper abdomen.
Feel for breath sounds with your hand or stethoscope.
Manage life-threatening causes of inadequate breathing such as tension pneumothorax or flail chest.
C: Circulation
The document discusses the physical examination of the ear, including inspection of the external ear, otoscopy, and evaluation of gross auditory acuity. It also outlines several diagnostic evaluations used to indirectly measure the auditory and vestibular systems, such as audiometry, tympanometry, auditory brainstem response testing, electronystagmography, and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing. Middle ear endoscopy is also described as a method to examine the middle ear structure.
This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of using endoscopy to perform myringotomy and insert tympanostomy tubes in 178 children with otitis media with effusion. The average patient age was 8.6 years. Endoscopy allowed visualization of the eardrum and safe insertion of ventilation tubes in an average of 2.4 minutes per ear. The most common causes of otitis media were adenoid hypertrophy (140 patients) and allergy (38 patients). Post-operative care involved medications and precautions to prevent infection. The results indicate endoscopy is a safe and effective method for grommet insertion with advantages for teaching, but no proven benefits over traditional methods for post-operative outcomes.
Ear irrigation involves flushing liquid into the ear canal to remove earwax buildup. The document provides detailed instructions on performing ear irrigation safely and effectively, including examining the ear, using the appropriate equipment, following steps to irrigate while avoiding pain or complications, and documenting the procedure. Nurses must be properly trained to examine for contraindications, obtain consent, carry out irrigation at a low pressure, and treat or refer as needed. Thorough documentation is required.
Emergency management of patients with facial traumaAhmed Adawy
Maxillofacial trauma requires careful assessment and management of the airway to prevent obstruction. The primary survey assesses and treats immediate life threats like airway, breathing, and hemorrhage. Airway management may require basic techniques like chin lift or advanced methods like endotracheal intubation. Bleeding is also a risk and can often be controlled through fracture reduction, packing, or embolization. Fluid resuscitation must balance preventing further blood loss with restoring perfusion.
Trauma to the auricle and ear canal
Its Complications
Treatment plan
Ear wax ,its composition, clinical features and management
Foreign body to the ear and its types
Treatment for foreign body in ear
Hematoma of The Auricle
Collection of blood between the auricular cartilage and its perichondrium.
Often result of blunt trauma seen in boxers, wrestlers and rugby players.
Extravasated blood may clot and then organize, resulting in a typical deformity called cauliflower ear (pugilistic or boxer’s ear)
If hematoma gets infected, severe perichondritis may occur.
This document discusses foreign bodies in the ear. It notes that foreign bodies in the ear can be either organic or inorganic materials that get stuck in the ear canal. Common organic foreign bodies include beans, nuts, and worms, while inorganic examples include beads, metals, and plastics. Signs of a foreign body in the ear include ear fullness, trouble hearing, itching, earache, fever, redness, bleeding, and drainage. Treatment depends on the type and size of the foreign body, and may involve irrigation, suction, or instrumentation to remove it. Complications can include ear canal abrasions, bleeding, infection, or perforation of the eardrum.
Foreign bodies in the ear are common, especially in children. Common foreign bodies include cotton, insects, and small toys or objects. Before removing a foreign body, its nature, precise location, and the patient's cooperation should be considered. Living insects should be killed first before removal. Irregular objects can often be removed with forceps, while round, hard objects may require hooks or irrigation. Button batteries require urgent removal to prevent leakage. Foreign bodies deeper in the ear canal may require surgical removal. Younger children may need gentle irrigation to remove objects while gaining their trust. Underlying ear issues should be checked for after removal. Potential complications include ear canal lacerations, ear drum perforations, and facial nerve palsy from
Congenital Malformations of Respiratory System in Children.docxElsieBriella
Theme 1 Congenital Malformations of Respiratory System in Children. Pediatric surgery department.
Overview:
Congenital anomalies account for one third of infant deaths and are one of the leading causes of death in this age group in most developed countries. Congenital malformations of the respiratory system now rank second, behind those of the cardiovascular system, as a cause of infant mortality. With a rate of 0.25 death per 1000 live births, they have surpassed those of the nervous system (0.23 per 1000) in the past decade in the United States.
Educational aims:
The aim of this part of module is to provide help in identifying those children with congenital malformations of airway and lungs and to provide guidance on the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, defining indications for surgery and choice of optimal surgical treatment.
Hernias and Genital Anomalies among Primary School Pupils in Ikenne Local Gov...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document describes a case report of a 2-year-old girl who had inserted a piece of facial tissue into her left nostril. Emergency department physicians were unable to visualize the foreign body but used an oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to successfully remove the friable tissue in less than 3 minutes without complications. The technique uses positive pressure from a pediatric bag-valve-mask to remove soft, friable objects like the facial tissue in this case.
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Healthaghedogodday
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -Gokul Rangarajan
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...Pristyn Care Reviews
Precision becomes a byword, most especially in such procedures as hip and knee arthroplasty. The success of these surgeries is not just dependent on the skill and experience of the surgeons but is extremely dependent on preoperative planning. Recognizing this important need, Pristyn Care commits itself to the integration of advanced imaging technologies like CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) into the surgical planning process.
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
The story of Dr. Ranjit Jagtap's daughters is more than a tale of inherited responsibility; it's a narrative of passion, innovation, and unwavering commitment to a cause greater than oneself. In Poulami and Aditi Jagtap, we see the beautiful continuum of a father's dream and the limitless potential of compassion-driven healthcare.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
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Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
2. 1186 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 76, Number 8 ◆
October 15, 2007
lower rates of successful removal and are
associated with more complications, par-
ticularly canal lacerations.3
Many techniques to remove ear foreign
bodies are available, and the choice depends
on the clinical situation, the type of foreign
body suspected, and the experience of the
physician. Options include water irrigation,
forceps removal (e.g., alligator forceps),
cerumen loops, right-angle ball hooks, and
suction catheters. Live insects can be killed
rapidly by instilling alcohol, 2% lidocaine
(Xylocaine), or mineral oil into the ear
canal. This should be done before removal is
attempted but should not be used when the
tympanic membrane is perforated.20
Irrigation should be avoided in patients
with button batteries in the ear because the
electrical current and/or battery contents
can cause a liquefaction tissue necrosis.21
SORT: KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Clinical recommendation
Evidence
rating References
Directly visible, “graspable” foreign bodies in the ear or nose can
often be removed without subspecialist referral.
C 1
Removal of hard, nongraspable, spherical foreign bodies in the ear
canal against the tympanic membrane will most likely require
subspecialist referral.
C 1, 23
If a foreign body in the ear, nose, or throat cannot be directly
visualized or if attempts at removal have been unsuccessful, the
patient should be referred to a subspecialist.
C 1, 3, 12
Patients with a suspected foreign body in the throat should be referred
to a subspecialist unless the item is easily visible and graspable.
C 14, 18
A = consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence; B = inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented
evidence; C = consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series. For information
about the SORT evidence rating system, see page 1095 or http://www.aafp.org/afpsort.xml.
Table 1. Management of Common Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Throat
Location Common foreign bodies Removal technique Indications for referral
Ear Beads, plastic toys,
pebbles, popcorn kernels2
Irrigation with water
Grasping foreign body with forceps,
cerumen loop, right-angle ball hook,
or suction catheter
Acetone to dissolve Styrofoam foreign
body4
Need for sedation
Canal or tympanic membrane trauma
Foreign body is nongraspable, tightly
wedged, or touching tympanic
membrane
Sharp foreign body
Removal attempts unsuccessful1-3,12
Nose Beads, buttons, toy parts,
pebbles, candle wax,
food, paper, cloth, button
batteries5,6
Grasping with forceps, curved hook,
cerumen loop, or suction catheter
Thin, lubricated, balloon-tip catheter7
Patient “blows nose” with opposite
nostril obstructed
PPV delivered to patient’s mouth with
opposite nostril obstructed8,9,11
; PPV
may also be delivered by bag mask10
Tumor or mass suspected
Removal attempts unsuccessful
Edema, bony destruction, granulation
tissue from chronic foreign body12
Throat
(pharynx)*
Plastic, metal pin, seeds,
nuts, bones, coins, dental
appliances14-18
Often need to be removed
endoscopically, requiring sedation14,18
and, thus, referral
Inadequate visualization
Need for sedation
Signs of airway compromise13,14
PPV = positive pressure ventilation.
*—Most foreign bodies in the throat require consultation with a subspecialist.
Information from references 1 through 18.
3. October 15, 2007 ◆
Volume 76, Number 8 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 1187
Acetone may be used to dissolve Styrofoam
foreign bodies4
or to loosen cyanoacrylate
(i.e., superglue).22
The first attempt at removal is critical
because success rates markedly decrease after
the first failed attempt. Accordingly, com-
plications increase as the number of failed
removal attempts increases.23,24
Removal
attempts are often painful, can cause bleed-
ing that limits visualization, and can further
wedge the foreign body into the canal. An
otolaryngology referral should be obtained
for patients requiring sedation or anesthe-
sia. Other indications for referral include
patients with trauma to the canal or tym-
panic membrane; a nongraspable foreign
body that is tightly wedged in the medial
two thirds of the canal or is suspected of
touching the tympanic membrane; foreign
bodies with sharp edges (e.g., pieces of
glass); or unsuccessful removal attempts.1-3
Multiple foreign bodies are not uncom-
mon, especially in small children. Thus,
all other orifices of the head should be
inspected after removal of a foreign body
from the external auditory canal.3
Otic anti-
biotic drops are needed in patients with
concurrent otitis externa and should be con-
sidered when canal lacerations or trauma is
present. Audiography should be considered
if tympanic membrane trauma or hearing
loss is suspected.
Nasal Foreign Bodies
The nose consists of two nasal fossae sepa-
rated by a vertical septum and subdivided
into three passages by the nasal turbinates.
Nasal foreign bodies tend to be located on
the floor of the nasal passage, just below
the inferior turbinate, or in the upper nasal
fossa anterior to the middle turbinate5
(Figure 2). Most nasal foreign bodies can be
easily removed in the office or emergency
department. Patients often present with uni-
lateral, foul-smelling nasal discharge.25
Com-
mon nasal foreign bodies include beads,
buttons, toy parts, pebbles, candle wax, food,
paper, cloth, and button batteries.5,6
Before foreign body removal, 0.5% phenyl
ephrine (Neo-Synephrine) can be used to
reduce mucosal edema, and topical lidocaine
may be applied to provide analgesia. Tech-
niques include removal with direct visualiza-
tion using forceps, curved hooks, cerumen
loops, or suction catheters. Additionally, suc-
cessful removal has been achieved by passing
a thin, lubricated, balloon-tip catheter (5 or
6 French Foley) past the foreign body, inflat-
ing the balloon, and pulling the inflated
Figure 1. The external auditory canal. Foreign bodies may become
lodged in the narrowing at the bony cartilaginous junction.
Figure 2. Nasopharyngeal and tracheal anatomy. Highlighted areas
indicate points at which nasal foreign bodies may become lodged.
Bony cartilaginous junction
Osseous portion of ear canal
Tympanic membrane
Foreign body
Foreign body
Soft palate
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Trachea
Cricoid cartilage
Vocal cords
Upper, middle, and
lower turbinates
ILLUSTRATION
BY
christy
krames
ILLUSTRATION
BY
christy
krames
Foreign Bodies
4. 1188 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 76, Number 8 ◆
October 15, 2007
Foreign Bodies
catheter balloon forward,
thus moving the foreign body
into the anterior nares where
removal can be completed.7
Patients may be able to expel
the nasal foreign body simply
by “blowing their nose” while
blocking the opposite nostril.
If this fails, or if a nasal foreign body is
present in a small child unable to cooper-
ate, positive pressure ventilation can be
delivered through the patient’s mouth. In
this technique, the parent covers the child’s
mouth with his or her mouth, plugs the
unobstructed nostril with a finger, and gives
a rapid, soft puff of air.8,9
Although the child
will reflexively close the glottis to protect his
or her lungs from the pressure, it is impor-
tant that the parent not use a large-volume
or high-pressure breath.
Barotrauma to the ear is a theoretical
risk of positive pressure ventilation, but
this complication has not been reported.
Appropriate infection-control precautions
must be taken because the foreign body will
likely be expelled against the parent’s cheek
and will be covered with mucus and possibly
blood. Positive pressure can also be deliv-
ered through the mouth using a bag mask
(Ambu Bag)10
or through the nose using
oxygen tubing.11
Button batteries must be
removed from the nose immediately because
of the danger of liquefaction necrosis of the
surrounding tissue.26
Attemptsatremovalmaypushthenasalfor-
eign body into the pharynx, creating an air-
way hazard. Sedation is discouraged because
it can increase complications by reducing the
gag and cough reflexes.12
Consultation should
be obtained when the foreign body cannot be
removed or adequately visualized, or when a
tumor or mass is suspected.
Throat Foreign Bodies
The throat (pharynx) is bound superiorly by
the base of the skull (nasopharynx) and infe-
riorly by the cricoid cartilage/inferior border
of the C6 vertebra (hypopharynx; Figure 2).
The hypopharynx contains the larynx and
the upper openings of the trachea and the
esophagus.
All pharyngeal foreign bodies are medical
emergencies that require airway protection.
Because complete airway obstruction usu-
ally occurs at the time of aspiration and
results in immediate respiratory distress,
emergency intervention is essential. Com-
mon obstructing foreign bodies in children
include balloons, pieces of soft deform-
able plastic, and food boluses.15
Patients
with nonobstructing or partially obstruct-
ing foreign bodies in the throat often pres-
ent with a history of choking, dysphagia,
odynophagia, or dysphonia.13
Pharyngeal
foreign bodies should also be suspected in
patients with undiagnosed coughing, stri-
dor, or hoarseness.14
Parents and caregivers of children with
symptoms of partial airway obstruction
should be asked whether choking and aspi-
ration have occurred. Diagnosis is often
complicated by delayed presentation. Case
reports describe foreign bodies in the throat
that were misdiagnosed and treated as
croup.15,27
Thus, physicians must have a high
degree of suspicion in patients with unex-
plained upper airway symptoms, especially
in children who have a history of choking.
The most common foreign bodies in the
throat are pieces of plastic, metal pins, seeds,
nuts, bones, coins, and dental appliances.14-17
Radiography can be helpful in localizing
coins, button batteries, and other radiopaque
objects, but most laryngeal foreign bodies,
including many fish bones, are radiolu-
cent.13,28
Therefore, the decision to pursue
surgical intervention should be based on the
patient’s history and a physical examination
that suggests the presence of a foreign body
rather than based on radiography alone.29
Early consultation is advisable because
pharyngeal foreign bodies are difficult to
visualize without the use of flexible or rigid
endoscopy. Furthermore, removal attempts
are difficult and are complicated by the gag
reflex. Because the airway must be protected,
most foreign bodies in the throat require
otolaryngology intervention with sedation
and endoscopic removal.14,18
Complications
include airway obstruction, laryngeal edema,
and pushing the foreign body into the sub-
glottic space, esophagus, or trachea.14,18
Pharyngeal foreign bodies
should be suspected
in patients with undiag-
nosed coughing, stridor,
or hoarseness.
5. October 15, 2007 ◆
Volume 76, Number 8 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 1189
Foreign Bodies
The Authors
STEVEN W. HEIM, MD, MSPH, is an associate professor
of family medicine at the University of Virginia School of
Medicine, Charlottesville. Dr. Heim received his medical
degree from the University of Virginia School of Medicine
and completed a family medicine residency and fellowship
training at the University of Missouri–Columbia School of
Medicine.
KAREN L. MAUGHAN, MD, is an associate professor of
family medicine at the University of Virginia School of
Medicine. Dr. Maughan received her medical degree from
McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, and completed a family medicine residency at the
University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and a fellowship
at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
Address correspondence to Steven W. Heim, MD, MSPH,
Dept. of Family Medicine, University of Virginia Health
System, Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908. Reprints
are not available from the authors.
Author disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
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