2. Forces
A force is a push or a pull
A force affects how an object moves
Can make objects start or stop
moving
Can make objects move faster or
slower
Can make objects change direction
3. Push/Pull Activity
Move around the classroom and find
at least 10 things that you push, pull,
or push and pull (3 minutes)
Complete the Venn diagram by
placing the items in the appropriate
categories (2 minutes)
4. Forces
Remember acceleration?
change in speed or direction
Forces cause a change in the speed or
direction of an object
F=ma
Forces are measured in Newtons (N)
1N=1kg·m/s2
5. Combining Forces
Forces usually act in pairs
Forces act in a particular direction
Forces usually cannot be seen, but
their effects can
6. Forces
More than one force can act on an
object at a time
Forces can push or pull in any direction
What happens when more than one
force acts on an object depends on:
How strong the forces are
The direction of the forces
7. Combining Forces
When more than one force acts on an
object, the forces combine to form a
net force
The net force is the combination of all
forces acting on an object
Forces may work together or they may
be opposite forces
8. Balanced Forces
The total or net force is the difference
between the individual forces
Total/Net force= 5N - 5N=0N
When the forces are balanced, the
object is at equilibrium and does not
move
9. Unbalanced Forces
When 2 or more forces act in the
opposite direction and are not equal in
magnitude (number), the forces will be
combined by subtracting to produce a
net force
The total or net force is the difference
between the individual forces
The object will move in the direction of
the greater force
10. The total or net force is the difference
between the individual forces
Total/Net force= 10N - 5N=5N right
Unbalanced Forces
11. Practice
You are pulling a wagon with your
niece in it up a hill with a force of 18N.
She is holding your dog’s leash, and
the dog is pulling in the opposite
direction with a force of 12N. What is
the force on the wagon?
Total/net Force = 18N – 12N = 6N
12. Unbalanced Forces
When 2 or more forces act in the same
direction, the forces are added to
produce the total force
Unbalanced forces result in motion
13. Unbalanced Forces
The total force is the sum of the
individual forces
Total/Net force= 25N + 30N = 55N
Will the box move?
14. Practice
Example:
You are pushing your twin brothers up
a hill in a stroller with a force of 18N.
Your best friend sees you and comes
to help. He or she pushes with a force
of 12N. What is the force on the
stroller?
Total/Net Force = 18N + 12N = 30N
16. Friction
Friction exists when two surfaces are
touching and comes from the fact that
no two surfaces are perfectly smooth
Friction acts in the opposite direction of
motion and will cause a moving object
to slow down and eventually stop
17. Friction
To make an object move, the force you
exert on an object must be greater than
the force opposing it
What did you observe about the friction
of the surfaces that were rougher or
softer in the Dragon Racer Activity?
18. Friction
Four types
Static friction – occurs between
stationary objects
Books on table, box on floor
Sliding friction – occurs when solid
objects slide over each other
Books or box being pushed
19. Friction
Four types
Rolling friction – occurs when a solid
object rolls over another solid object
Tires on a road
Fluid friction – occurs when an object
moves through a fluid (liquid or gas)
Fish swimming, airplane flying
21. Friction
Identify the type(s)
of friction involved
in stopping a car
with brakes.
What would be an
example of fluid
friction?
Rolling friction?
22. Friction
How can we reduce friction?
Use oil in an engine between moving
parts
Grease the bearings in a car wheel
Have you ever used candle wax on a
sled?
Use a lubricant (oil, grease, etc.)
23. Friction Practice
Consider a book on a table
If I push the book with a force of
32N and the table applies 4N of
friction, what is the net force on the
book?
26. Friction Practice
Your mass is 70kg. Your friend
pushes you down a hill on a sled
with a force of 66N. The snow has
a friction of 2N. What is your
acceleration?
29. Practice
A 50kg skater pushed by a friend
accelerates at 5m/s2. How much force
did the friend apply?
How much force is required to push a
16kg child in a 22kg stroller with an
acceleration of 2.5m/s2?
30. Practice
If a 90kg water skier is being pulled
behind a boat with a force of 360N,
what is the skier’s acceleration?
If a 60kg person on a 15kg sled is
pushed with a force of 300N, what will
be the person’s acceleration?
31. Practice
A bowling ball rolled with a force of 15N
accelerates at a rate of 3m/s2. A
second ball rolled with the same force
accelerates at 4m/s2. What are the
masses of the two bowling balls?