Forces can be balanced or unbalanced. Balanced forces do not cause motion but can change an object's shape, while unbalanced forces produce or stop motion. Newton's laws state that objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Force equals mass times acceleration, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Momentum is the product of mass and velocity, and the total momentum in a system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

2. FORCE
A PUSH OR PULL
ON A BODY IS
CALLED FORCE.
FORCES ARE
USED IN OUR
EVERYDAY
ACTIONS LIKE
PUSHING,
PULLING, LIFTING,
STRECHING,
TWISTING AND
PRESSING.

3. EFFECTS OF FORCE
• A force cannot be seen. A force can be
judged only by the effects which it can
produce in various bodies (or objects)
around us.
1.A force can move a stationary body.
2.A force can stop a moving body.
3.A force can change the speed of a moving
body.
4.A force can change the direction of a
moving body.
5.A force can change the shape and size of a
body.

4. BALANCED AND
UNBALANCED FORCE
• THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF FORCE:
• 1. BALANCED FORCE.
• 2. UNBALANCED FORCE.

5. BALANCED
FORCES
If the resultant of all the forces
acting on a body is zero, the
forces are called balanced
forces.
If a number of balanced
forces act on a stationary body,
the body continuous to remain
in its stationary position.
If a number of balanced
forces act on a body in uniform
motion, the body continuous to
be in its state of uniform
motion.
Though balanced forces
cannot produce motion in a
stationary body but can change
the shape of the body.

6. UNBALANCED
FORCE
If the resultant of all the
forces acting on a body is
not zero, the forces are
called unbalanced forces.
When an unbalanced
force acts on a body, it
produces motion in the
body. Also, an unbalanced
can stop a moving body.
If there were no
unbalanced force of
friction or air resistance, a
moving body would go on
for ever.

7. NEWTON’S LAW OF
MOTION
• NEWTON HAS GIVEN
THREE LAWS OF TO DEFINE
THE MOTION OF BODIES.
THESE LAWS ARE KNOWN
AS NEWTON’S LAWS OF
MOTION.

8. NEWTON’S FIRST
LAW OF MOTION
A body at rest will remain in
rest, and a body in motion
will continue in motion in a
straight line with uniform
speed, unless it is compelled
by an external force to
change its state of rest or of
uniform motion.
INERTIA: Inertia is that
property of a body due to
which it resists a change in
its state of rest or of uniform
motion.

9. MOMENTUM
The momentum of a body is defined
as the product of its mass and
velocity.
NOTE: the force required to stop a
moving body is directly
proportional to its mass and
velocity.
Thus, momentum= mass x velocity
or, p= m x v
where p= momentum
m= mass of the body
and, v = speed of the body
SI UNIT= the SI unit of momentum
is kilogram meters per second
(kg.m/s)

10. NEWTON’S SECOND
LAW OF MOTION
The rate of change of
momentum of a body is
directly proportional to
applied force, and takes place
in the direction in which
force acts.
Force= change in
momentum/time taken
f= mv-mu/t
f= m(v-u)/t. But we know
that v-u/t =a
f= m x a
force = mass x acceleration
SI UNIT: its SI unit is ‘force’.

11. NEWTON’S THIRD
LAW OF MOTION
Whenever one body exerts a force
on another body, the second body
exerts equal and opposite force to
the first body. OR,
To every action there is equal and
opposite reaction.
1.EX: the rocket works on the
principal of action and reaction.
2.When a bullet is fired from the
gun, a force sending the bullet
forward is equal to the force
sending the gun backward. But
due to high mass of the gun, it
moves only a little distance
backward and gives jerk.

12. CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
When two or more bodies
act upon one another, their
total momentum remains
constant provided no
external forces are acting.
Momentum is neither
created nor destroyed.
Total momentum before
collision = total
momentum after collision