Forces can be balanced or unbalanced. Balanced forces produce no change in motion, while unbalanced forces produce a change such as starting or stopping motion. Newton's Three Laws of Motion define how forces affect the motion of objects. The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the direction of the net force. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Force
A push or pull on a body is called force.
Forces are used in our everyday actions like pushing, pulling, lifting, strecHing, twisting and pressing.
Effects of Force
A force cannot be seen. A force can be judged only by the effects which it can produce in various bodies (or objects) around us.
1. A force can move a stationary body.
2. A force can stop a moving body.
3. A force can change the speed of a moving body.
4. A force can change the direction of a moving body.
5. A force can change the shape and size of a body.
Force
A push or pull on a body is called force.
Forces are used in our everyday actions like pushing, pulling, lifting, strecHing, twisting and pressing.
Effects of Force
A force cannot be seen. A force can be judged only by the effects which it can produce in various bodies (or objects) around us.
1. A force can move a stationary body.
2. A force can stop a moving body.
3. A force can change the speed of a moving body.
4. A force can change the direction of a moving body.
5. A force can change the shape and size of a body.
Il progetto "Uppark! Strategie di rete per il Parco Terra delle Gravine" è concepito per rendere il Parco Terra delle Gravine un fondamento di politica territoriale, ambientale e culturale per costruire un orizzonte di consapevolezza, di inversione di tendenza economico-ambientale e culturale.
Luxury Residential Projects in Mangalore | Godrej AlpineJohn Park
Godrej Alpine is your destination for a truly international lifestyle. They offer luxurious flats in Mangalore with 80% open space and modern amenities.
Residential projects in Kolkata | Godrej PrakritiJohn Park
Godrej Prakriti is a new residential complex spread over more than 22 acres in real estate Kolkata. Godrej Prakriti offers new apartments in Kolkata on BT Road well connected by bus and rail. The property comprises a thoughtful mix of 2BHK, 3 BHK apartments, to ensure a perfect fit with your lifestyle requirements. https://www.godrejproperties.com/godrejprakriti/overview
Maitreya Organization द्वारा "स्वच्छ भारत अभियान" को बढ़ावा देने के लिए Short Film Competition का आयोजन किया जा रहा है। यह प्रतियोगिता खास तौर पर students के लिए आयोजित किया जा रहा है ।
First-year BPO - Biomechanics. here are the essential notes required to understand basic biomechanics regarding the human body and the forces acting on it.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
Computerprojectwork 120211072617-phpapp01
1.
2. FORCE
A PUSH OR PULL
ON A BODY IS
CALLED FORCE.
FORCES ARE
USED IN OUR
EVERYDAY
ACTIONS LIKE
PUSHING,
PULLING, LIFTING,
STRECHING,
TWISTING AND
PRESSING.
3. EFFECTS OF FORCE
• A force cannot be seen. A force can be
judged only by the effects which it can
produce in various bodies (or objects)
around us.
1.A force can move a stationary body.
2.A force can stop a moving body.
3.A force can change the speed of a moving
body.
4.A force can change the direction of a
moving body.
5.A force can change the shape and size of a
body.
5. BALANCED
FORCES
If the resultant of all the forces
acting on a body is zero, the
forces are called balanced
forces.
If a number of balanced
forces act on a stationary body,
the body continuous to remain
in its stationary position.
If a number of balanced
forces act on a body in uniform
motion, the body continuous to
be in its state of uniform
motion.
Though balanced forces
cannot produce motion in a
stationary body but can change
the shape of the body.
6. UNBALANCED
FORCE
If the resultant of all the
forces acting on a body is
not zero, the forces are
called unbalanced forces.
When an unbalanced
force acts on a body, it
produces motion in the
body. Also, an unbalanced
can stop a moving body.
If there were no
unbalanced force of
friction or air resistance, a
moving body would go on
for ever.
7. NEWTON’S LAW OF
MOTION
• NEWTON HAS GIVEN
THREE LAWS OF TO DEFINE
THE MOTION OF BODIES.
THESE LAWS ARE KNOWN
AS NEWTON’S LAWS OF
MOTION.
8. NEWTON’S FIRST
LAW OF MOTION
A body at rest will remain in
rest, and a body in motion
will continue in motion in a
straight line with uniform
speed, unless it is compelled
by an external force to
change its state of rest or of
uniform motion.
INERTIA: Inertia is that
property of a body due to
which it resists a change in
its state of rest or of uniform
motion.
9. MOMENTUM
The momentum of a body is defined
as the product of its mass and
velocity.
NOTE: the force required to stop a
moving body is directly
proportional to its mass and
velocity.
Thus, momentum= mass x velocity
or, p= m x v
where p= momentum
m= mass of the body
and, v = speed of the body
SI UNIT= the SI unit of momentum
is kilogram meters per second
(kg.m/s)
10. NEWTON’S SECOND
LAW OF MOTION
The rate of change of
momentum of a body is
directly proportional to
applied force, and takes place
in the direction in which
force acts.
Force= change in
momentum/time taken
f= mv-mu/t
f= m(v-u)/t. But we know
that v-u/t =a
f= m x a
force = mass x acceleration
SI UNIT: its SI unit is ‘force’.
11. NEWTON’S THIRD
LAW OF MOTION
Whenever one body exerts a force
on another body, the second body
exerts equal and opposite force to
the first body. OR,
To every action there is equal and
opposite reaction.
1.EX: the rocket works on the
principal of action and reaction.
2.When a bullet is fired from the
gun, a force sending the bullet
forward is equal to the force
sending the gun backward. But
due to high mass of the gun, it
moves only a little distance
backward and gives jerk.
12. CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
When two or more bodies
act upon one another, their
total momentum remains
constant provided no
external forces are acting.
Momentum is neither
created nor destroyed.
Total momentum before
collision = total
momentum after collision