Food Value Chain Transformations in Developing Countries: Nutritional Implications
Miguel I. Gómez and Katie Ricketts
Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management
Cornell University
Joint FAO/WHO Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2)
Eelco Baan
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
Prabhu Pingali, Katie Ricketts, and David Sahn present at the 2013 FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition Preparatory Technical Meeting in November 2013.
Agudah Onyango
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
In February 2014, TCi convened a two day workshop in Hyderabad, India with ICRISAT looking at how new aggregation models could help supply and deliver micronutrient and protien-dense food for the malnourished in India. Check out a blog post about the event here:
Food waste global crisis, global opportunity - steven m. finn - feb 2015Steven M. Finn
Presentation at Cabrini College's conference on the Convergence of Childhood Obesity and Hunger in Philadelphia (February, 2015). This session demonstrated the related problems of hunger, obesity, and food waste and the significant opportunity in capturing and redirecting high-quality calories to improve child nutrition.
The past 50 years have been a period of extraordinary food crop productivity and growth. Despite these massive gains in productivity and agricultural development, malnutrition has persisted across certain regions of the developing world. In India, these challenges, which range from micronutrient malnutrition and the emergence of over-nutrition, have created a challenging landscape of health and human nutrition. Despite exceptional economic growth, high rates of childhood stunting and micronutrient malnutrition persist. Improved agricultural policies that can change nutritional outcomes require a better understanding of the links between agriculture and nutrition, as well as complimentary policies in water, sanitation, and household behavior change. This lecture presents international lessons learned in successfully using agricultural pathways to reduce malnutrition with important implications for the Indian context.
Distinguished Lecture given at the Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, India, on March 10, 2014.
Eelco Baan
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
Prabhu Pingali, Katie Ricketts, and David Sahn present at the 2013 FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition Preparatory Technical Meeting in November 2013.
Agudah Onyango
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
In February 2014, TCi convened a two day workshop in Hyderabad, India with ICRISAT looking at how new aggregation models could help supply and deliver micronutrient and protien-dense food for the malnourished in India. Check out a blog post about the event here:
Food waste global crisis, global opportunity - steven m. finn - feb 2015Steven M. Finn
Presentation at Cabrini College's conference on the Convergence of Childhood Obesity and Hunger in Philadelphia (February, 2015). This session demonstrated the related problems of hunger, obesity, and food waste and the significant opportunity in capturing and redirecting high-quality calories to improve child nutrition.
The past 50 years have been a period of extraordinary food crop productivity and growth. Despite these massive gains in productivity and agricultural development, malnutrition has persisted across certain regions of the developing world. In India, these challenges, which range from micronutrient malnutrition and the emergence of over-nutrition, have created a challenging landscape of health and human nutrition. Despite exceptional economic growth, high rates of childhood stunting and micronutrient malnutrition persist. Improved agricultural policies that can change nutritional outcomes require a better understanding of the links between agriculture and nutrition, as well as complimentary policies in water, sanitation, and household behavior change. This lecture presents international lessons learned in successfully using agricultural pathways to reduce malnutrition with important implications for the Indian context.
Distinguished Lecture given at the Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, India, on March 10, 2014.
Disentangling food security from subsistence ag malawi t benson_july_2021-minIFPRIMaSSP
This presentation was made during the launch of a book titled "Disentangling Food Security from Subsistence Agriculture in Malawi" by Dr. Todd Benson, IFPRI, at IFPRI Malawi brownbag seminar
Shahidur Rashid
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by IFPRI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), and Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS)
JUL 6, 2020 - 04:30 PM TO 06:00 PM +06
Dr Jason Clay, Senior Vice President Food and Markets, WWF-US visited New Zealand in September 2016 with support from the AgriBusiness Group/NZ Sustainability Dashboard and WWF-NZ.
The Sustainable Business Council hosted Jason at events for BusinessNZ members and guests in Wellington and Auckland. He made a powerful and sobering case for why we need to get it right with food if we're going to protect our biodiversity; how businesses need to lead from the front; and how Government policy will support food reliability and the value chain in the countries they govern.
Corinna Hawkes
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - No backsliding: How can we re-orient food systems and health systems to protect nutrition and healthy diets in the context of COVID-19?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
MAY 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Máximo Torero
POLICY SEMINAR
Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses
Co-Organized by IFPRI and FAO North America
JAN 19, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Foresight Report on food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st...Glo_PAN
At the launch of the Global Panel's Foresight Report "Food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st century", which was held at FAO in Rome on 23 September 2016, Dr Lawrence Haddad, Chair of the Foresight Lead Expert Group, and Director of GAIN, presents the report.
Approaching sustainable urban development in China through a food system pla...Steffanie Scott
After more than two decades of rapid urbanization, Chinese cities now face severe sustainability challenges in terms of balancing economic viability, social justice, and environmental protection goals. While various types of planning have long been adopted to cope with these challenges, food as a centerpiece of daily life and of social and economic activity in cities has rarely been considered as a focus of urban planning in China, despite a lot of recent attention to food waste and food safety concerns. In contrast, over the past decade or more, cities in the west have seen food system planning emerge as a holistic lens to promote multifaceted urban development strategies. Community gardens and neighbourhood farmers’ markets are two common examples. In these strategies, food has been recognized as a powerful element that links closely with multiple economic, social, health, and environmental issues.
This paper thus calls for an integration of food issues into urban planning in Chinese cities. Our paper reviews some successful cases of food system assessments and planning in the west and provides a preliminary framework for food system planning in China. The framework brings together various priorities: connecting people to the food system, community economic development, access to healthy food, ecological health, and integrated food policy. By applying this framework to examine urban food systems in China, our paper identifies strengths and challenges for achieving sustainability goals. This analysis also sets the stage for future research in urban food system planning in China.
"Leveraging market opportunities for promoting healthy diets Gianluca Brunor...ExternalEvents
"www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium
The International Symposium on Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition was jointly held by FAO and WHO in December 2016 to explore policies and programme options for shaping the food systems in ways that deliver foods for a healthy diet, focusing on concrete country experiences and challenges. This Symposium waas the first large-scale contribution under the UN Decade of Action for Nutrition 2016-2025. This presentation was part of Parallel session 1.3: Leveraging market opportunities for promoting healthy diets"
As rupturas em processos e controles de bares, restaurantes e estabelecimentos do setor do food service já levaram, desde o inicio desta atividade, muitos empresários tanto à falência como ao estrelato e riqueza. As mudanças sempre ocorreram devido ao surgimento de novas técnicas, processos e tecnologias que afetaram drasticamente e rapidamente tanto o consumo quanto o desejo dos clientes. A palestra cita as mudanças que ocorreram desde a origem do setor de food service na humanidade. Aborda o momento que nos encontramos e as tendências que podem causar rupturas no setor de alimentação fora do lar. Ilustra a perspectiva do que pode vir a ser o mercado no futuro, considerando funções e cargos que deixarão de existir em razão de novos sistemas de operação que tem grande potencial de causar significativas rupturas do mercado.
Disentangling food security from subsistence ag malawi t benson_july_2021-minIFPRIMaSSP
This presentation was made during the launch of a book titled "Disentangling Food Security from Subsistence Agriculture in Malawi" by Dr. Todd Benson, IFPRI, at IFPRI Malawi brownbag seminar
Shahidur Rashid
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by IFPRI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), and Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS)
JUL 6, 2020 - 04:30 PM TO 06:00 PM +06
Dr Jason Clay, Senior Vice President Food and Markets, WWF-US visited New Zealand in September 2016 with support from the AgriBusiness Group/NZ Sustainability Dashboard and WWF-NZ.
The Sustainable Business Council hosted Jason at events for BusinessNZ members and guests in Wellington and Auckland. He made a powerful and sobering case for why we need to get it right with food if we're going to protect our biodiversity; how businesses need to lead from the front; and how Government policy will support food reliability and the value chain in the countries they govern.
Corinna Hawkes
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - No backsliding: How can we re-orient food systems and health systems to protect nutrition and healthy diets in the context of COVID-19?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
MAY 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Máximo Torero
POLICY SEMINAR
Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses
Co-Organized by IFPRI and FAO North America
JAN 19, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Foresight Report on food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st...Glo_PAN
At the launch of the Global Panel's Foresight Report "Food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st century", which was held at FAO in Rome on 23 September 2016, Dr Lawrence Haddad, Chair of the Foresight Lead Expert Group, and Director of GAIN, presents the report.
Approaching sustainable urban development in China through a food system pla...Steffanie Scott
After more than two decades of rapid urbanization, Chinese cities now face severe sustainability challenges in terms of balancing economic viability, social justice, and environmental protection goals. While various types of planning have long been adopted to cope with these challenges, food as a centerpiece of daily life and of social and economic activity in cities has rarely been considered as a focus of urban planning in China, despite a lot of recent attention to food waste and food safety concerns. In contrast, over the past decade or more, cities in the west have seen food system planning emerge as a holistic lens to promote multifaceted urban development strategies. Community gardens and neighbourhood farmers’ markets are two common examples. In these strategies, food has been recognized as a powerful element that links closely with multiple economic, social, health, and environmental issues.
This paper thus calls for an integration of food issues into urban planning in Chinese cities. Our paper reviews some successful cases of food system assessments and planning in the west and provides a preliminary framework for food system planning in China. The framework brings together various priorities: connecting people to the food system, community economic development, access to healthy food, ecological health, and integrated food policy. By applying this framework to examine urban food systems in China, our paper identifies strengths and challenges for achieving sustainability goals. This analysis also sets the stage for future research in urban food system planning in China.
"Leveraging market opportunities for promoting healthy diets Gianluca Brunor...ExternalEvents
"www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium
The International Symposium on Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition was jointly held by FAO and WHO in December 2016 to explore policies and programme options for shaping the food systems in ways that deliver foods for a healthy diet, focusing on concrete country experiences and challenges. This Symposium waas the first large-scale contribution under the UN Decade of Action for Nutrition 2016-2025. This presentation was part of Parallel session 1.3: Leveraging market opportunities for promoting healthy diets"
As rupturas em processos e controles de bares, restaurantes e estabelecimentos do setor do food service já levaram, desde o inicio desta atividade, muitos empresários tanto à falência como ao estrelato e riqueza. As mudanças sempre ocorreram devido ao surgimento de novas técnicas, processos e tecnologias que afetaram drasticamente e rapidamente tanto o consumo quanto o desejo dos clientes. A palestra cita as mudanças que ocorreram desde a origem do setor de food service na humanidade. Aborda o momento que nos encontramos e as tendências que podem causar rupturas no setor de alimentação fora do lar. Ilustra a perspectiva do que pode vir a ser o mercado no futuro, considerando funções e cargos que deixarão de existir em razão de novos sistemas de operação que tem grande potencial de causar significativas rupturas do mercado.
Investigation of the food value chain of ready-to-eat chicken and the associa...ILRI
Presented by James Oguttu, Cheryl McCrindle, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 2013 Conference of Researchers and Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, Illinois, 8-10 December 2013.
Duke CGGC researchers Ghada Ahmed and Danny Hamrick gave the presentation at the International Policy Studies Organization (IPSO) conference on Middle East Dialogue on February 26, 2015. Following the presentation is a link to a YouTube video of the presentation.
The Role of Food and Gastronomy in Online Travel Reviews about Agritourism Ex...lorenzo cantoni
Presentation at the 3rd International Conference UNITWIN
UNESCO Chair “Culture, Tourism, Development”
"Tourism and Gastronomy Heritage: Foodscapes, Gastroregions and Gastronomy Tourism", Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. June 18th 2014
By Elena Marchiori, Fabienne Boegli, Asta Adukaite, and Lorenzo Cantoni, webatelier.net of Faculty of Communication Sciences at the Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano, Switzerland).
The role of FDI in food industries, transnational corporations and supermarke...ExternalEvents
W. Bruce Traill, University of Reading
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
Food Assistance and Institutional Demand: Supporting Smallholder Farmers to F...UNDP Policy Centre
Presented at The State of Food and Agriculture 2015 (SOFA) workshop held at FAO's headquarters in Rome on July 1st, 2014. The presentation explained the concept of Institutional Demand as a feature of Social Protection that links agricultural producers with local and assured local/regional markets. Institutional demand primarily consists of state purchases of produce from smallholder farmers that is then distributed through social protection networks (community kitchens, food banks, schools, etc) to fight hunger.
Johan Swinnen, Rob Vos, John McDermott, and Laura Zseleczky
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
VIRTUAL LAUNCH EVENT - 2020 Global Food Policy Report: Building Inclusive Food Systems
APR 7, 2020 - 12:15 PM TO 01:15 PM EDT
The presentation was shared at the recent annual meeting of the American Society for Plant Biologists, and outlines the barriers to agricultural technology adoption in developing countries and discusses the potential role of biofortification in helping people get access to more nutritious food worldwide.
This presentation was given by Alan de Brauw, Senior Researchers in the Markets Trade and Institutions Division at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Alan also serves as Flagship Leader of Value Chains for Enhanced Nutrition for the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). More information can be found at a4nh.cgiar.org.
This is a talk I gave as part of the "Nourishing 9 Billion" symposium at the 2014 American Society for Plant Biologists Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon. I talked first about how major grains are actually quite available in an aggregate sense-- moreover there is plenty of unexploited capacity. A larger problem is a relative lack of availability of nutritious crops -- legumes and pulses, fruits, and vegetables, and among specific populations animal source foods. Two ideas to reduce micronutrient deficiencies, being promoted by the CGIAR program Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, are to promote nutritious crops and foods through value chains, as well as to promote micronutrient intakes through biofortification.
Janet Dwyer's presentation to the Land Economy Department at the University of Cambridge, discussing the implications for the agriculture sector since #Brexit.
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
On 27 January 2017, Dr. Nicholas Minot, Deputy Division Director of IFPRI’s Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division led a seminar at IFPRI-Malawi on, “Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for Malawi.” His presentation explored the objectives and tradeoffs of creating public grain reserves and various policy options that affect their performance and cost.
The brief looks at the challenge of providing healthy diets in urban environments, presenting eight policy recommendations which integrate actions from food, agriculture and nutrition into urban planning, education, health, sanitation, water and infrastructure development.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
ICN2-Food Value Chain Transformations in Developing Countries: Nutritional Implications
1. Food Value Chain Transformations in
Developing Countries:
Nutritional Implications
Miguel I. Gómez and Katie Ricketts
Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management
Cornell University
PREPARATORY TECHNICAL MEETING
FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
13-15 November 2013
2. Food Value Chain Transformations in
Developing Countries: Nutritional
Implications
Miguel I. Gómez and Katie Ricketts
Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management
Cornell University
Joint FAO/WHO Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2)
PREPARATORY TECHNICAL MEETING
FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
13-15 November 2013
3. Objective and Approach
• How transformation of food value chains (FVCs) influences
the triple malnutrition burden in developing countries
• Identify areas that require more attention from researchers
and decision-makers
• Develop a FVC typology that takes into account the
participants, the target market, and the products offered
• Propose selected hypotheses on the relationship between
each FVC category and elements of the triple malnutrition
burden
4. Key differences between developing
country food systems in 1980 and 2010
Source: Gómez et al. (2013)
5. Developing Country FVC Transformation
Share of food reaching consumers through longer FVCs has
increased due to changes in food consumption patterns
− rapid urbanization
− income growth
− expansion of modern retailers, processors and distributors.
Demand for products such as meats, dairy, fruits and
vegetables is increasing
Market for processed/packaged food categories is expanding
Many rural residents depend on FVCs because most of them
are net-food buyers and are employed in the food sector
6. Food Value Chain Typologies
Type Description
Traditional Traditional traders buy primarily from smallholder farmers, and sell
to consumers and traditional retailers in wet, mostly local, markets.
Modern Domestic and multinational food manufacturers procure primarily
from commercial farms and sell through modern supermarket
outlets.
Modern-to-traditional
Domestic and multinational food manufacturers sell through the
network of traditional traders and retailers (e.g., ‘mom and pop’
stores).
Traditional-to-modern
Supermarkets and food manufacturers source food from
smallholder farmers and traders.
8. Fresh fruit and vegetable market share of
modern and traditional FVC retail sales
90
60
30
0
Modern FVC Retail Traditional FVC Retail
Kenya
(2009)
Nicaragua
(2007)
Zambia
(2009)
Thailand
(2006)
Mexico
(2007)
Market share (%)
Country
Note: Countries arranged in order of GDP per capita (World Bank, 2008)
Sources: Tschirley et al. (2009), Zambia and Kenya; Reardon et al. (2010), Mexico and Nicaragua;
Gorton et al. (2011), Thailand.
9. Retail outlet choice for meat purchases in
Ethiopia
Percent of households within the income
group
Retail Outlet
Total
sample
Low
income
Medium
income
High
income
Producers residence or local
market 1 0 1 1
c
Butcher in a local wet market 90 60 94 74
Supermarket 14 0 11 54
Special butcher shop 60 73 57 18
Source: Authors’ creation based on Jabbar and Admassu (2010).
c
10. Factors facilitating food access in traditional
FVCs (particularly for perishables)
• Ability to offer products at lower prices than supermarket
(Schipmann and Qaim 2010; Lippe et al. 2010)
• Considerable flexibility in product standards (Lee et al.
2010)
• Product attributes valued by consumers are different relative
to supermarkets (Minten 2008)
• Convenience for consumers due to flexible retail market
locations (Tschirley et al. 2009)
11. Factors affecting food access in traditional
FVCs (particularly for perishables)
• Lack of postharvest and distribution infrastructure imply higher
price variability and limited year round availability (Gómez et
al. 2011)
• Post-harvest losses (in volume and in quality) are huge (Kader
2005)
• Seasonality in crop/livestock production affects
disproportionally food retail prices in traditional FVCs (Kumar
and Sharma, 2006)
12. Synthesis - Traditional FVCs and Nutrition
• Food products rich in micronutrients, and staple foods rich in
calories tend to be more affordable in traditional FVCs
• Deliver nutritional benefits to rural residents who are largely
missed by modern FVCs
• Important nutritional benefits accrue to low income people in
urban areas - FVC retailers enjoy cost and location advantages
• More flexibility to target consumers willing to settle for lower
perishable food standards.
• Lack of access to adequate post-harvest/distribution
infrastructure may limit year round availability and result in high
intermediation costs
14. Supermarket Growth and Food Products
• Rapid expansion of modern supermarkets (Neven and Reardon
2009; Reardon and Berdegué 2002; Reardon et al. 2003)
• Benefits from increased micronutrient intakes associated with the
dietary diversity are unlikely to reach all consumers
• Low income households buy processed foods in supermarkets, but
not perishables (Cadilhon et al. 2006; Guarin 2011)
• High standards make micronutrient-rich foods available in
supermarkets less affordable the poor (Dolan and Humphrey 2000)
• Lower income households engage in ‘cherry-picking’ food shopping
behavior (Tschirley and Hichaambwa 2010; Cadilhon et al. 2006)
15. Supermarket share in processed/packaged
100
80
60
40
20
0
foods and in perishable foods
Produce and meat Pacakaged food
Thailand Mexico China
Market Share (%)
Country
Source: Euromonitor (2012a), Gorton et al. (2012), Goldman and Vanhonaker (2006).
16. Synthesis - Modern FVCs and Nutrition
• Help alleviate micronutrient deficiencies by offering a wide
assortment of products year-round for a diverse diet, but only
for urban, relatively wealthy households
• Increased market for processed/packaged foods…
− Contribute to obesity/overweight malnutrition (among other
factors)
− low priced packaged/processed foods substitute for fresh
produce and livestock products
• Empirical evidence to examine causality between
supermarkets and overweight malnutrition is needed
18. Drivers and Links to Diets
• Market for processed/packaged foods growing five times faster
in developing countries
• Much of this growth fueled sales to lower income consumers
through traditional FVC retailers in urban and rural areas
• Business models targeting the poor (bottom of the pyramid)
and presence of economies of scale in food manufacturing
• Processed/packaged foods sold through these FVCs may help
alleviate (prevent) undernourishment in remote rural areas
• Expansion through traditional retailers in urban centers may be
associated with excess weight and obesity, (Wang et al. 2002;
Mendez et al. 2005).
19. Public-private Partnerships with Nutritional Goals
Partnership
Goal
Value Chain Focus
Nutrition Impacts
Examples
Development of
new products
and processes
Design modify existing food
products to address specific
micronutrient deficiencies
Vitamin-fortified yogurt from
Grameen Danone Foods for the
Asian market.
Expansion of
distribution
networks
Make existing micronutrient-fortified
products available
in remote areas
Scale UP Nutrition Network
partners with food
manufacturers with strong
distribution networks
Strengthen
consumer
demand
Expand local and regional
preferences for purchasing
packaged foods rich in
micronutrients
• Future Fortified campaign by the
Global Alliance for Improved
Nutrition (GAIN) to encourage
expectant mothers to consume
nutrient packets
20. Synthesis: Modern-to-traditional FVCs
and Nutrition
• May have mixed influence on nutrition, depending on the
population segment targeted
− can assist help prevent or reduce undernourishment in some
rural, remote areas…
− but, they can also contribute over-nutrition in urban areas for
patrons of traditional FVC retail outlets
• Enthusiasm for public-private partnerships to address
micronutrient deficiencies
• Must evaluate the impact of partnerships to guide donor,
government and food industry actions
22. Relevance to Nutrition
• Developing country FVCs are primarily domestically oriented
(Gómez et al. 2011)
• Implications for smallholder farmers and traders in rural areas
because most of them are net food buyers (Barrett 2008)
• Farmers who participate in supermarket chains enjoy higher
income opportunities (Bellemare 2012; Miyata et al. 2009)…
• …but they are generally farmers with superior endowments
(land, education, etc.)
23. Drivers and Links to Nutrition
• The poorest farmers and traders may benefit indirectly by
linking with modern FVCs (Maertens and Swinnen 2009)
• Increased income opportunities reduce the risk of household
food insufficient caloric intakes in rural areas (e.g., Ndhleve et
al. 2012; Smith et al. 2005)
• Little is known on income opportunities impacts on diet
diversification and influence on micronutrient deficiencies
24. Concluding Comments
• Difficult to generalize the influence of food value chain
transformation on nutrition
• Interventions to increase the efficiency of traditional FVCs can
improve access to micronutrients (urban and rural poor)
• Interactions between traditional and modern participants suggest
the need for a more nuanced view of food chains
• Opportunities for public-private to partnerships to use food
fortification to reduce micronutrient deficiencies
• Future research should address…
1) links between FVC transformation and micronutrient deficiencies
2) demand substitution effects between food groups
25. Thank You!
Questions or Comments?
Miguel I. Gómez
Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management
Cornell University
340D Warren Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853
P: 607-255-8159
E: mig7@cornell.edu
Editor's Notes
Food value chains (FVCs) comprise all activities necessary to bring farm products to consumers, including agricultural production, processing, storage, marketing, distribution, and consumption
Food value chains (FVCs) comprise all activities necessary to bring farm products to consumers, including agricultural production, processing, storage, marketing, distribution, and consumption
Driving forces: population and income growth, urbanization, and the expansion, globally and domestically, of modern food retailing, distribution, and wholesaling firms
Despite the expansion of modern supermarkets, there is strong evidence that food categories that are important sources of micronutrients continue to be accessed primarily through traditional FVCs in developing countries (FAO 2005; Guarin 2011). For example, Figure 1 shows that over 90 percent of all fruits and vegetables are purchased in traditional FVC retail outlets in Kenya, Zambia and Nicaragua. Even in countries with high modern supermarket penetration, like Thailand and Mexico, the traditional FVC outlet share is high, reaching 63.2 and 72.5 percent, respectively.