The document discusses food labelling from national and international perspectives. It provides details on: 1) Codex Alimentarius and WHO guidelines for food labelling that many countries use as a basis for their policies. 2) The key elements required on European Union food labels including product name, ingredients, allergens, nutrition information, and business details. 3) The agencies that regulate food labelling in the US depending on the food type, and the mandatory elements required on US labels.

1. BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY SCIENCE AND FOODTECHNOLOGY
Topic : labelling issues in refrence of national and
international perspectives and scenario
PAVAN H M
1st yr M.Sc Food technology

3. • FAO works in partnership with WHO to advise the Codex
Alimentarius Commission on technical and policy matters
related to food labelling
• The Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) is the Codex
subsidiary body responsible for setting standards and
guidelines on labelling that is applicable to all foods and the
Codex General Standard for Labelling of Prepackaged Foods
(CXS 1-1985) is the key Codex instrument for delivering
information about food to the consumer.
• The Codex standard is used by countries as guidance for
harmonization and has also been used as the basis for new
food labelling policies

4. Need of food labelling
• Food label is a mediator for food content and consumer need
• It describes all the requirements for consumers about their
product
• It gives information from nutrition content to quantity that
should be served per serving
• Explain all the measures that should be taken before use and
after use
• It is main character for tracking the misuse and food fraud
• Label covers the all the regulations and requirements for food
label covered under FSSAI

5. • Food labels in Europe are governed by the Food
Information to Consumer (FIC) regulation 1169/2011.
• There are 12 mandatory pieces of information that
must be present on all European Union (EU) food
labels: product name, list of ingredients, allergens,
quantitative ingredient declaration, net quantity,
durability dates, storage, instructions for use,
business name and address, country of origin,
nutritional declaration, and alcoholic strength.
• The mandatory information must be presented in a
minimum font size.

6. Food Labeling and Claims
Food labeling is regulated by three different Federal agencies. The FDA
regulates all foods except meat and poultry products and cracked egg
products, which are regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection
Service (FSIS) of the Department of Agriculture. Alcoholic beverages
are regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
of the Department of the Treasury.
Labels for meat and poultry products and inspected eggs must have
FSIS approval before they can be marketed. Likewise, alcoholic
beverage labels must have TTB approval. FSIS has established ‘generic
label approval’ by which it allows limited changes to the label without
active review by the agency.

7. • In contrast, the FDA does not review product labels
before marketing, but takes enforcement action
against noncompliant products already in commerce.
• This allows the manufacturer more flexibility in
interpreting FDA policy, but places all the
responsibility for correct interpretation on the
manufacturer.
• FDA's ‘Food Labeling Guide’ provides comprehensive
guidance for food labeling
Food Labeling and Claims

8. Mandatory Labeling Elements
Food labels must contain five primary elements (unless
subject to limited exemptions)
•
• statement of identity (name of the food)
•
• net quantity of contents
•
• nutrition facts
•
• ingredient statement (including allergen declaration)
•
• name and address of responsible firm

9. Nutrition Labeling
FDA regulations specify detailed substantive and technical
requirements for the Nutrition Facts panel. In addition to
numerous other requirements, a food's nutrition label
must
Specify the serving size (based on reference amounts
customarily consumed)
Declare certain nutrients by name and quantity
Follow specific formatting and type size requirements

11. • Nutrient Content Claims
•
• A nutrient content claim describes the level of a
nutrient using terms such as ‘free,’ ‘high,’ and ‘low’
or compares the level of a nutrient in a food to that
of another food, using terms such as ‘more,’
‘reduced,’ and ‘lite.
• Nutrient content claims cannot be made unless they
are authorized by the FDA.
• They can be expressed or implied, and generally,
there must be an established daily value for the
nutrient that is the subject of the claim.
• Additional label statements are required for nutrient
content claims on certain foods

12. • Health Claims
•
• A health claim describes the relationship between a
substance (food or food component) and a disease
or health-related condition.
• Health claims are limited to statements about
reducing disease risk and cannot be claims about the
cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

13. • Qualified Health Claims
•
• For claims for which there is no significant scientific
agreement that the claim is supported, if the FDA
agrees that the scientific evidence supports a qualified
health claim, the agency will provide claim language for
which it will exercise enforcement discretion.
• The claim language is tailored to convey the level and
quality of the science supporting the claim accurately

14. Medical Foods
A ‘medical food’ is a food that is “formulated to be
consumed or administered under supervision of a
physician and which is intended for the specific dietary
management of a disease or condition for which
distinctive nutritional requirements are established by
medical evaluation.”
The FDA has issued guidance on medical foods

15. • Infant Formula
•
• Unlike other foods, new infant formulas are subject to
premarket review by the FDA. They must meet the
labeling requirements for other foods, except Nutrition
Facts.
• There are specific nutrient content requirements for
infant formula and separate requirements for nutrition
labeling.
• Infant formula labels must have additional information,
including directions for preparation and use both in
words and as pictograms, as well as ‘use by’ dates.