Food Equality & Food Justice

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Presentation by University of South Carolina Professor Darcy Freedman, related to her work with Food Justice and Food Accesibility by all segments of the population, not just the affluent.

Education

Food Equality & Food Justice Issues in South Carolina Darcy A. Freedman, PhD, MPH Assistant Professor University of South Carolina, College of Social Work Sustainable South Carolina Local Food Systems Workshop January 29, 2010

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Food Insecurity Rates by Household Type, 2008

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FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST). SPEAKER: Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division MODERATOR: Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/

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restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003). INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield. Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).

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For families surviving on low-incomes in the US the problem of food insecurity is anything, but simple. The complexity of the interactions between sociological, environmental, economic, and political inequalities make deciphering barriers within the food system a difficult task, but not an impossible one. Extremely effective ways to combat food insecurity which simultaneously chip away at the long standing and powerful system which marginalizes and disenfranchises huge sections of our nation’s population exist. Changing our food system to a more just and equitable one demands building community power at the grassroots level, altering policy to change the day-to-day experiences of low-income American families, and recognizing the deep importance of diversity, inclusion, and collaboration.

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Exploring Food Access and Health Disparities Sarah Buila, Southern Illinois University, Illinois, USA Abstract: I joined the wellness committee at the counseling center where I worked. We talked about how to increase our health habits and those of our co-workers. We organized lunch hour walking parties, got group discounts at a health club and decided to have a potluck luncheon in order to share our healthy recipes and sample the food. My co-workers talked about recipes that are low in fat, low insaltandsugarless.Often thismeantartificialsweetenersandfatsubstituteswerepartof theirrecipes. No one said anything about avoiding processed foods or eating less meat. No one said anything about eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains or organic and locally grown foods. It was at this very moment that I realized I was from a different planet. The planet I come from calls for a much different diet. The planet that I’m from has poor and affluent people alike who are obese. While in some parts of the world people are starving. Race, class, and gender influence health outcomes. What we eat is influenced by outside factors and I see people getting further away from the source of all food, theearth.Food isonecommondenominator inhealthdisparities.Onmyplanet therearedispar- ities in access to healthy foods. Part of the solution is related to broadening awareness. Coming up with solutions means coming up with new definitions about what is healthy food, and redefining our roles as health care practitioners/world citizens. Could it be that there is a diet that is not only good for you, but good for your global neighbors and the earth? Keywords: Diet, Health Disparities, Food Access, Global Health THIS PAPER EXPLORES the relationship between health outcome disparities andaccess to food prefaced on the principle that diet is one of the most important factorsimpacting health. It is not recent news that there are health disparities according to racial/ethnic, gender, and socio-economic status. Much of the literature which addresses the problem of health disparities is focused on proving they exist. Identifying causes for these disparities is a much more complicated endeavor. If we are going to close the gaps between health disparities it is a worthwhile endeavor. Contributing to the difficulty in identifying causes is the multifaceted nature of human health and the individual and varying contexts which support (or don’t support) health and wellbeing. These facets include heredity, access to health care and disease prevention, lifestyle, stress, and diet. The focus of this article is on food and health conditions resulting from dietary choices and food availability. Health Disparities Health disparities exist for many different vulnerable populations. Worldwide, poverty is a significant indicator of health disparities. People who are poor experience a higher prevalence of chronic disease, higher mortality rates, stress, and lower life expectancy .

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393 Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 4:393–408, 2009 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1932-0248 print/1932-0256 online DOI: 10.1080/19320240903321367 WHEN1932-02481932-0256Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, Vol. 4, No. 3-4, October 2009: pp. 0–0Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition Agriculture Policy Is Health Policy Agriculture Policy Is Health PolicyR. J. Jackson et al. RICHARD J. JACKSON, RAY MINJARES, KYRA S. NAUMOFF, BINA PATEL SHRIMALI, and LISA K. MARTIN University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA The Farm Bill is meant to supplement and secure farm incomes, ensure a stable food supply, and support the American farm economy. Over time, however, it has evolved into a system that creates substantial health impacts, both directly and indirectly. By generating more profit for food producers and less for family farmers; by effectively subsidizing the production of lower-cost fats, sugars, and oils that intensify the health-destroying obesity epidemic; by amplifying environmentally destructive agricultural practices that impact air, water, and other resources, the Farm Bill influences the health of Americans more than is immediately apparent. In this article, we outline three major public health issues influenced by American farm policy. These are (1) rising obesity; (2) food safety; and (3) environmental health impacts, especially exposure to toxic substances and pesticides. KEYWORDS Farm Bill, obesity, environment, health INTRODUCTION America is in the grip of a fearsome epidemic. It is an epidemic largely out of the hands of doctors, nurses and scientists—it is the crush of chronic disease, highlighted by the epidemic of overweight and obesity. Rising costs of healthy food and an overall decline in Americans’ fitness make this epidemic even more troubling. Efforts by health leaders to improve eating habits and encourage exercise have barely moved the scales. Overwhelmed by the challenge, increasing numbers of Americans find bariatric and “lap band” Developed with the support of the Kellogg Foundation. Address correspondence to Richard J. Jackson, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr., Box 56-070 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772. E-mail: [email protected] 394 R. J. Jackson et al. surgery more viable options than improving their diets. Arrayed against their efforts is a far larger force that makes unhealthy foods too tasty, cheap, and abundant to resist. This megaforce is US farm policy. How does legislation that determines what happens on distant farms affect our bodies and our families? We argue that US farm policy has created a food system that damages our health, our environment, and our national security. Much of US farm policy is driven by a complex piece of federal legislation passed by Congress every 5 to 7 years called the Farm Bill. Its most recent iterations were the Farm ...

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