This document discusses communication in nursing. It defines communication and identifies its key elements. There are different levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal. The types of communication are also outlined based on relationships and flow. Barriers to communication and principles for maintaining interpersonal relationships with the health care team are presented. Effective communication is important for nurses to work cooperatively with other members of the health team.

1. Mr. ASHOK KUMAR
FUNDAMENTAMENTAL OF NURSING

2. COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process of sharing & exchange
of information, ideas, views among people.
OR
Communication means the interexchange of
thoughts or information's conveyed to a person or
persons in such a way that the meaning received
is equivalent to those which the initiator of the
message intended

3. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION:
Intrapersonal (self talk, self verbalization, inner
thoughts)
Interpersonal (nurse patient)
Transpersonal (spiritual domain, yoga, meditation,
religious rituals)
Small group
Public (media)
Conventional acquaintances (stranger & us)
Exploratory associates (collegues/ neighbours & us)
Participate friends (client speak by himself to express
his disesase condition to nurse)

4. Intimacy (closest friends)
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
Referent
Sender
Receiver
Sender
Message
Channel
Feedback
Interpersonal variables
Environment

5. Interpersonal variables
SENDER RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
ENVIRONMENT
REFERE
NT
REFERE
NT CHANN
EL

6. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Based on
relationship:
1.Formal (official)
2.Informal (friends)
Based upon flow:
1.Downward (from Sr.)
2.Upward (from Jr.)
3.Horizontal (students)
4.One way (lecture)
5.Two way (discussion)
Others:
1.Visual (model, posters)
2.Telecommunication
3.Meta communication

7. Modes of communication:
Verbal
Vocabulary
Denotative & connotative
Pacing
Intonation
Clarity
Timing & Relevance
Non Verbal
Personal appearance
Posture & gait

8. Facial expression
Eye contact
Gestures
Sounds
Territoriality & personal space
Symbolic (art, music ,drawing, dream)
Meta

9. BARRIERS IN
COMMUNICATION
1. Emotional factors like fear, suspicious, jealousy,
anger, anxiety, lack of interest, lack of listening
2.Physical factor like fatigue, illness, speech defects,
deafness & pain
3. Intellectual factors like low IQ, lack of knowledge,
misinterpretation of words
4. Social factor like culture, language, race, professional
status, socio economic status

10. 5. Environmental factors like noise, lack of privacy,
uncomfortable accommodation
6. Others like
I. Changing subject
II. Lack of listening
III. Inappropriate use of knowledge
IV. Jumping into conclusions
V. False & inappropriate reassurance
VI. Stating one's own opinion & ideas

11. INTERRPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
Nurse is an important member of health team member
that must work in co-operation & harmony, this
depends on interpersonal relationship i.e. maintained
among members of health team member.
PRINCIPLES
 Learn everyone’s name & never address anyone by nick
name
Respect everyone's individuality
Don’t impose anything on anybody

12. Keep emotion under control
Don’t be afraid to admit ignorance
Do not give & take personal favour
Team leader should not make any excuse regarding
his or her responsibility
Develop habits of listening & focus attention on the
problem
Do not do or say anything that will disturb other’s
faith
Be impartial to others & practice justice

13. Members should be loyal, honest, dependable &
willing to carry out direction of team member
Team spirit or we willing should be there
Mutual understanding between members
There should be delegation of responsibility in a
group & every member should carry out his or her
responsibility for satisfaction of group
Relationship of members of group to the public
should be descent

14. Teach new comer about job
New comer should feel at home when he joins the
group
Establish a good rapport among members in order to
achieve aim
Every member should be familiar with organization
plan & policies of group
Keep up to date with information that are going
around
Avoid arguments in the group
Talk in terms of other man’s interest

15. Praise the slightest improvement made by others, use
words of encouragement
Have a smiling face always
Prepare yourself mentally to accept worst if necessary
NURSE WITH OTHER HEALTH TEAM MEMBERS
o Nurse & physician
o Nurse & Nursing superintendent
o Nurse & head nurse
o Nurse & fellow nurse
o Nurse & hospital personnel

16. o Nurse & patient

17. BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
1. Emotional factors like fear, suspicious, jealousy,
anger, anxiety, lack of interest, lack of listening
2.Physical factor like fatigue, illness, speech defects,
deafness & pain
3. Intellectual factors like low IQ, lack of knowledge,
misinterpretation of words
4. Social factor like culture, language, race, professional
status, socio economic status

18. 5. Environmental factors like noise, lack of privacy,
uncomfortable accommodation
6. Others like
I. Changing subject
II. Lack of listening
III. Inappropriate use of knowledge
IV. Jumping into conclusions
V. False & inappropriate reassurance
VI. Stating one's own opinion & ideas