The document argues that environmental problems are often caused not by market failures, but by the lack of well-defined property rights and markets. It provides several examples where well-defined property rights and markets helped protect environmental resources, such as elephant populations in Zimbabwe being protected on private lands. The document also argues that centralized, political solutions advocated by many environmentalists often fail to adequately address environmental issues and can even make problems worse.
This series of blog has been prepared by the author (Shahadat Hossain Shaki) for the partial
fulfilment of his masterâs program course âKey Debates in Environmental Governanceâ, which has been supervised by Prof. Dr. Maria Kaika.
Blog Link: http://environmentalgovernance.wordpress.com/author/shshakil/
Author can be contacted for further query and suggestions at : shshakil.buet@gmail.com
Learning Objective: After completing this lesson students will be able to -
a) describe the concept of intergenerational justice
b) address the complexities relating to the objectives of implementing intergenerational justice
This series of blog has been prepared by the author (Shahadat Hossain Shaki) for the partial
fulfilment of his masterâs program course âKey Debates in Environmental Governanceâ, which has been supervised by Prof. Dr. Maria Kaika.
Blog Link: http://environmentalgovernance.wordpress.com/author/shshakil/
Author can be contacted for further query and suggestions at : shshakil.buet@gmail.com
Learning Objective: After completing this lesson students will be able to -
a) describe the concept of intergenerational justice
b) address the complexities relating to the objectives of implementing intergenerational justice
Introduction to Sustainable DevelopmentPreeti Sikder
Â
Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to :
a) discuss about the characteristics of sustainable development
b) grasp the scope of discussion under sustainable development as a branch of law
Ecological economics and biodiversity conservationSaroj Upadhyay
Â
definition of economics, types of economic systems, environmental impacts of traditional economic systems, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Ecological economics and its capitals, Conventional unsustainable vs Environmentally sustainable economic growth, Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity,Ecological Economics And Biodiversity Conservation
Different approaches to sustainable developmentMariam Elsadek
Â
sustainable development considered to be the modern environmental movement, against anthropocentric and biocenteric school of thoughts, it merges both philosophies to make the new approach of conservation. Different approaches has been taken to study the content of sustainable development.
Criticism of sustainable development by abu khairul basharAbu Khairul Bashar
Â
There are three pillars of Sustainable Development
Economic development,
Social development, and
Environmental protection.
These pillars are Interdependent and mutually reinforcing. If there comes any breakththrough of these pillars, Sustainable development can not be fulfilled properly. So, It may be a weaken side of it.
Sustainable development brundtland report, ppp, equityMegha Majoe
Â
A Brief idea on "Our Common Future" - Brundtland report - Sustainable development and different Principles adopted in the conference. i.e Precautionary Principle, polluter pays principle, Inter and intragenerational equity, Public Trust Doctrine etc.
âSustainable Developmentâ (SD) is an expression frequently used by ecologists,
media and politicians, but it does not always carry the same concise meaning. The EEA
(1998) stated in 1998 that over 300 definitions of SD had been given, many of them inappropriate, as the outcome of different visions, values scales, interests and
ideologies. In this way, SD becomes a non-operative âchewing gum conceptâ that
everybody can adapt in his own convenience (Bermejo, 2005, p.24)
The Brundtland Report (1987) states the most widely accepted definition of SD as
âthe development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needsâ. The worldwide commitment on the
acceptance of this definition constitutes a milestone in itself.
sustainable development & the water, energy food security nexus is discussed. The content throws light on sustainable development : Effects on the livelihood of common man.
YOUR COLOUR IS GREEN - PAPER OF LUISA VINCIGUERRA ITALYLuisa Vinciguerra
Â
WOMEN IN THE GREEN ECONOMY. ROLE AND PROMOTION STRATEGIES OF INNER WHEEL, is the title of the Paper of Luisa Vinciguerra, connected with the Power Point Presentation.
The Relationship Between Natural Resources and Sustainable Development IJSRP Journal
Â
The sustainable development aims at raising the societies' standard of living by means of fulfilling the basic needs from the product the economic resources generated, particularly; the natural resources. These resources, by its nature; is limited and scarce and fall short in meeting all human needs at the same time, accordingly; the importance of optimal and fair use of natural resources in a way that satisfies the needs of the current generation, without affecting the needs of the generation to come. This could be achieved by good and rationalized planning in using natural resources to realize the sustainable development, taking into account the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The most significant challenges the sustainable development encounters is the excessive exhaustion of using natural resources resultant out of lack of awareness in terms of scarcity of these resources and their importance in development. We recommend that the existing natural resources to be maintained, and other energy resourcesto be foundand usedusedduring the exceptional circumstance. Further, the awareness related to the rationalized use of natural resources should be outspread.
Sustainability and wise use of natural resources.. Are we compromisingTapas Ghatak
Â
The anxiety is mounting about our process and ability to achieve sustainability, that is, our greed to meet our present needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs.
Endangered Species Act Essay
Endangered Species Of The Species
Persuasive Essay On Endangered Species
The Endangered Species Act Essay
Endangered Species Essay
Persuasive Speech On Endangered Species
Endangered Species Essay
Persuasive Speech On Endangered Animals
Endangered Species Persuasive Essay
Endangered Species Act Essay
Impact Of Endangered Species
Essay about Endangered Species
Endangered Tigers Essay
Endangered Species Act Essay
Essay on Endangered Species
Endangered Animals
Endangered Species
Endangered Species Essay
Endangered Species
Introduction to Sustainable DevelopmentPreeti Sikder
Â
Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to :
a) discuss about the characteristics of sustainable development
b) grasp the scope of discussion under sustainable development as a branch of law
Ecological economics and biodiversity conservationSaroj Upadhyay
Â
definition of economics, types of economic systems, environmental impacts of traditional economic systems, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Ecological economics and its capitals, Conventional unsustainable vs Environmentally sustainable economic growth, Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity,Ecological Economics And Biodiversity Conservation
Different approaches to sustainable developmentMariam Elsadek
Â
sustainable development considered to be the modern environmental movement, against anthropocentric and biocenteric school of thoughts, it merges both philosophies to make the new approach of conservation. Different approaches has been taken to study the content of sustainable development.
Criticism of sustainable development by abu khairul basharAbu Khairul Bashar
Â
There are three pillars of Sustainable Development
Economic development,
Social development, and
Environmental protection.
These pillars are Interdependent and mutually reinforcing. If there comes any breakththrough of these pillars, Sustainable development can not be fulfilled properly. So, It may be a weaken side of it.
Sustainable development brundtland report, ppp, equityMegha Majoe
Â
A Brief idea on "Our Common Future" - Brundtland report - Sustainable development and different Principles adopted in the conference. i.e Precautionary Principle, polluter pays principle, Inter and intragenerational equity, Public Trust Doctrine etc.
âSustainable Developmentâ (SD) is an expression frequently used by ecologists,
media and politicians, but it does not always carry the same concise meaning. The EEA
(1998) stated in 1998 that over 300 definitions of SD had been given, many of them inappropriate, as the outcome of different visions, values scales, interests and
ideologies. In this way, SD becomes a non-operative âchewing gum conceptâ that
everybody can adapt in his own convenience (Bermejo, 2005, p.24)
The Brundtland Report (1987) states the most widely accepted definition of SD as
âthe development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needsâ. The worldwide commitment on the
acceptance of this definition constitutes a milestone in itself.
sustainable development & the water, energy food security nexus is discussed. The content throws light on sustainable development : Effects on the livelihood of common man.
YOUR COLOUR IS GREEN - PAPER OF LUISA VINCIGUERRA ITALYLuisa Vinciguerra
Â
WOMEN IN THE GREEN ECONOMY. ROLE AND PROMOTION STRATEGIES OF INNER WHEEL, is the title of the Paper of Luisa Vinciguerra, connected with the Power Point Presentation.
The Relationship Between Natural Resources and Sustainable Development IJSRP Journal
Â
The sustainable development aims at raising the societies' standard of living by means of fulfilling the basic needs from the product the economic resources generated, particularly; the natural resources. These resources, by its nature; is limited and scarce and fall short in meeting all human needs at the same time, accordingly; the importance of optimal and fair use of natural resources in a way that satisfies the needs of the current generation, without affecting the needs of the generation to come. This could be achieved by good and rationalized planning in using natural resources to realize the sustainable development, taking into account the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The most significant challenges the sustainable development encounters is the excessive exhaustion of using natural resources resultant out of lack of awareness in terms of scarcity of these resources and their importance in development. We recommend that the existing natural resources to be maintained, and other energy resourcesto be foundand usedusedduring the exceptional circumstance. Further, the awareness related to the rationalized use of natural resources should be outspread.
Sustainability and wise use of natural resources.. Are we compromisingTapas Ghatak
Â
The anxiety is mounting about our process and ability to achieve sustainability, that is, our greed to meet our present needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs.
Endangered Species Act Essay
Endangered Species Of The Species
Persuasive Essay On Endangered Species
The Endangered Species Act Essay
Endangered Species Essay
Persuasive Speech On Endangered Species
Endangered Species Essay
Persuasive Speech On Endangered Animals
Endangered Species Persuasive Essay
Endangered Species Act Essay
Impact Of Endangered Species
Essay about Endangered Species
Endangered Tigers Essay
Endangered Species Act Essay
Essay on Endangered Species
Endangered Animals
Endangered Species
Endangered Species Essay
Endangered Species
The Tragedy Of The Commons
Tragedy Of The Commons Case Study
The Tragedy Of The Commons
The Tragedy Of The Commons
Tragedy Of Commons
Tragedy of the Commons Essays
Tragedy Commons
The Tragedy Of The Commons By Garrett Hardin
The Article The Tragedy Of The Commons
Tragedy Of The Commons Paper
The Tragedy Of The Commons Essay
John Lockes The Tragedy Of The Commons
The Tragedy Of The Commons Summary
Tragedy Of The Commons Summary
The Tragedy of the Commons: By Garrett Hardin
There is a political realignment in process in the developed world. it replaces the old "left-right" economic axis with one based on identity. This means that economic arguments have less power. What can supporters of the free market do about it?
The sharing economy is an example of how transaction cost savings are making employment less necessary, but employment law could frustrate beneficial changes. Can this be mitigated by reviving an old notion fo the right to make commercial contracts? Also, some scenarios for the future, and some questions for policymakers.
Some thoughts on international and transnational government systems, how the Westminster system isn't all it's cracked up to be, and the direction the US is headed.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Â
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Â
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as âpredictable inferenceâ.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
Â
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
Â
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Â
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Â
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
Â
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Â
Clients donât know what they donât know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clientsâ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
5. Modern Green View In sum, greens argue that Americaâs traditional institutional arrangementsâlimited government, individual liberty, free markets, private propertyâare inadequate for todayâs complex and vulnerable world. Pollution, they believe, is a natural result of individual self-interest operating in an insufficiently reguÂlated marketplace.
6. Greens: Political Solutions John Kenneth Galbraith : Our private homesâbeautiful; public parksâfilthy. Still called for expanding the public sector! Barry Commoner: Only socialism can adequately protect the environment; need pollution prevention rather than cleanup. Jacques Cousteau: Holy Trinity of environmental policy: regulations, environmental education, green consumerism. Paul Ehrlich: too many people in the world; need China styled family planning. Lester Brown: Doomsday; demands government action.
7. Market Failure Claim The market failure theory says that, while beneficial, markets nevertheless fail in some areas; therefore political action is essential. A key complaint is that markets donât adequately address âexternalitiesââthose things that are not easily owned like air quality. Lacking ownership, these resources will likely be abused. Environmentalists even use the market failure argument to call for regulation of tangible items that are easy bought and sold in the marketplace, such as household trash.
8. Yet Greens Call for Central Planning The key âremedyâ for alleged market failure is central planning, rather than take efforts. The Progressive Era belief in the superiority of political control led to increasing nationalization throughout the United States. Over one-third of our land is now politically controlled. Only a few other nations have a larger share of their land base in the public domain.
9. Reality: Markets Are Green Capitalism demands efficiency, and efficiency is an important environmental strategy. Wherever we have had freer markets, we have also had a better managed ecology. The conclusion is clear: Those who favor ecological protection should seek to expand the role of private stewardship arrangements to those resources that have historically been denied its protection.
10. Wealthier is Healthier ... and greener Wealth means better technology to clean air and water and higher demand for such amenities. Greater wealth means better and more innovative health care. Wealth makes ownership and private protection of wildlife feasible. Example: Former VP nominee Lloyd Bentsenâs brother is raising black rhinos in Texas. Because this individual has both wealth and influence, he was able to obtain a breeding stock of this endangered species.
11. Example: African Elephant Conventional âgreenâ wisdom: Elephant populations are declining because of greedy market incentives. They believe that since ivory tusks are used for consumer products, they can eliminate the problem by eliminating markets. Response: UN ban on the ivory trade through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
12. Ivory Ban Results Price increase + increased demand = more poaching . Even without ivory sales, the elephant still in peril. In many places, it is little more than a âgiant ratâ that destroys farms, property, and other resources. With government bans in place, impoverished people have lots of incentives to kill elephants, and no incentives to protect them .
13. A Market for Elephant Protection We should make elephants a financially beneficial asset by allow ownership and the activities that go with it, such as harvesting and tourism. Such private incentives give communities and owners incentives to protect the elephants and ensure long-term survival. Elephants go from being giant rats to ï giant assets
14. Zimbabwe Elephant Program In fact, during the 1990s Zimbabwe employed a program to provide communities the right to own elephant preserves where travelers could come and see the elephants and engage in âmockâ hunting. At the time the program was in full effect, elephant populations exploded in Zimbabwe, while they continued to decline in Kenya and other places where governments tried to protect the elephant with bans and by shooting poachers (when they could catch them).
15. Bengal Tigers Chinese medicine values tiger parts, so creating demand. Value of skin ~ $20-40,000, claws $20 each. Indian villagers get $60 for working to catch tigers. Average income for an Indian ~ $620 a year. Barun Mitra: Farmed tiger worth $40,000 for skin. Retail value of all products 3-5 times. Farmed tigers harvested after breeding, not before.
16. Examples: Markets for Water Quality Early in U.S. history, landowners sometimes built dams that flooded upstream users. That floodingâessentially a form of pollutionâwas treated as a trespass and the dam builder was forced to lower the dam. British fishing club, the Pride of Derby sued polluters to protect Magna Carta rights to fish. Court did not impose damages, but ordered an end to the pollution. Demonstrates how property rights can prevent stream pollution. Ownership of a pollution-sensitive species can ensure protection of the larger environmental value. By protecting privately owned fishing spots from pollution, the owners protect not only their portion of the river but also downstream areas. This is solution to the synthetic estrogen issue.
17. Hawk Mountain, PA Raptors (birds of prey, including hawks, falcons, eagles, and owls) were viewed as vermin in early America. One individual, Rosalie Edge, lobbied the government and the Audubon Society to help protect dwindling hawk species, but no one would help. She and her friends bought a mountain ridge in Pennsylvania where hawks congregated on their southern migration. By buying that land, posting it, and fencing it, she and her few friends were able to reject the tastes of the majority and protect the birds.
18. Lessons Learned Environmental degradation does not occur because of âmarket failure.â Environmental problems emerge where we fail to have markets (private property, individual rights, and the institutions of liberty). Where markets for environmental resources exist, those resources are protected and enhanced.
19. The Real Issue: Socialist Failure Plundered environmental quality: Soviet Empire produced many environmental disasters, ranging from rampant air pollution to devastated waterways. Saddam used the environment as a weapon. Plundered Resources: Compared to the West, socialist governments used far more energy and raw materials to produce steel, used more fuel in transporting goods around the country, and used more pesticides and fertilizers to produce wheat.
20. Why Socialism Fails the Environment Socialists: Since waste was a collective cost, there was little incentive to reduce it. Capitalists: Waste affects managers and owners directly so they control and reduce it. Collective Versus Private Costs
21. Green Socialism in the US In the United States, more politicized sectors are characteristically less mindful of environmental values. Timber Example Private: When the private sector harvests timber, it seeks to minimize the number of felled trees; failure to do so leads to unsustainable production and to long-term losses. Public: U.S. Forest Service routinely diverts large sums of taxpayer dollars to subsidize harvesting throughout the Rockies, Alaska, the southern Appalachians, and the upper Midwest that is not viable economically.
22. Central Planning Failures Central planners lack of knowledge, a problem that is pronounced in environmental policy. Technocratic governance lacks stability. Today, environment may be salient or even paramount, tomorrow, who knows? Politics is fickle. Environmental priorities will be set to meet political purposes rather than objective assessments of the problem. Baptists and bootleggers: Politics often best serves the organized and rent seeking coalitions rather than reason.
23. Failure to Have Markets Problems stem not from market failureâthey result from the failure to have markets. The goal should be to institute markets to solve problems resulting from common ownership. As already discussed, this can be done for concrete resources as well as less concrete items like air and water.
24. Characteristics of Market Solutions Market solutions are not prescriptive, rather enabling. Institutions are often the greatest reform that is needed, e.g. market reforms in Africa will greatly increase resiliency. Lateral thinking provides win-win solutions, eg ATC reform can reduce oil use by 0.4 mbd. Market solutions very bad for politicians â no targets to control, no victories to announce.
25. Conclusion Free-market ideas have done much to advance economic welfare around the world. Free-market environmentalism might similarly free the entrepreneurial energies and creativity of the people of the world to advance ecological goals. It is time to explore that option further.