Fluid & eletrolyte management
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The document contains information on total body water percentages based on age and sex, formulas for calculating fluid maintenance requirements based on weight, blood volume percentages based on age, caloric requirements for different age groups, and typical daily solute balances for normal subjects. It provides charts with numerical data on these physiological parameters and nutritional needs across different age groups.
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Fluido terapia em crianças
1) O documento fornece diretrizes sobre fluidoterapia em pediatria, incluindo esquemas de hidratação, correção de eletrólitos e ácido-base.
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3) Também são detalhadas as fases de manutenção e reposição de líquidos e eletrólitos de acordo com as necessidades calóricas e perdas.
Fluids and electrolytes Newborns
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in newborns. It notes that total body water is divided between intracellular and extracellular spaces, with sodium being the main extracellular ion and potassium the main intracellular ion. Fluid volumes are regulated by sodium and potassium salts in each compartment. Principles of fluid management include maintaining appropriate extracellular fluid volume and osmolality. Factors like gestational age, postnatal age, and weight loss influence fluid needs. Guidelines are provided for initial daily fluid requirements based on birth weight and monitoring fluid status through weight, clinical exam, serum and urine tests.
Fluid management in the paediatric patient anaesthetist consideration...
This document discusses fluid management in paediatric patients. It covers water physiology and fluid compartments in the body. Fluid volumes change with age from premature neonates to adults. Daily fluid losses are outlined. Methods for determining fluid requirements and correcting dehydration are presented. Intraoperative fluid replacement depends on the type and severity of surgery. Blood loss and transfusion thresholds are addressed. Selection of intravenous fluids must be tailored to the individual patient's needs.
FLUID MANAGEMENT IN NEONATES NICU
- Neonates requiring IV fluid therapy include those with lethargy/refusal to feed, breathing difficulties, shock, severe asphyxia, or abdominal issues. The aims of fluid therapy are to identify babies needing IV fluids, calculate daily intake, administer measured volumes, and monitor babies receiving IV fluids. Fluid requirements vary based on weight and age, and monitoring includes checking infusion sites, volumes, blood glucose, weight, urine output, and electrolyte levels to properly adjust fluid intake.
Fluid therapy
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte therapy. It covers the components of body water, body fluid composition, electrolyte balance, water content at different ages, regulation of body water and electrolytes, dehydration, and oral and intravenous fluid therapy.
Some key points include:
- Body water is divided into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)
- Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are important for fluid balance and cell function
- Dehydration occurs when fluid losses exceed intake and can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe
- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) using oral rehydration salts (ORS) is the main treatment for dehydr
Dehydration and rehydration
Dehydration occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake. It can range from mild to severe based on the percentage of fluid loss. Treatment involves oral rehydration for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe cases. IV fluid regimens are calculated based on correcting existing deficits, replacing ongoing losses, and meeting daily fluid needs over 24 hours. The treatment goal is gradual rehydration to prevent complications.
Ivf
This document discusses intravenous fluid management in newborns. It notes that total body water is highest at birth, around 75% for term infants and 80% for preterm infants. During the first week, excess fluid is lost primarily through urine as extracellular fluid decreases. Preterm infants lose more, around 10-15% of body weight. Intravenous fluids are given to sick newborns or those under 30 weeks gestation. The type and amount of fluids given depends on factors like weight and postnatal age. Fluid needs increase in situations like fever or phototherapy and decrease in conditions causing fluid retention. Monitoring includes weight, urine output, and laboratory tests to avoid dehydration or fluid overload.
Recommended
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Learn the key principles involved with a healthy nutrition program and how to adapt key variables for weight loss, weight gain, and increasing recovery and performance. Visit www.destinymgmt.com to learn more.
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1) O documento fornece diretrizes sobre fluidoterapia em pediatria, incluindo esquemas de hidratação, correção de eletrólitos e ácido-base.
2) São descritos os graus de desidratação, soluções para reparação, correção de hiponatremia e acidose metabólica.
3) Também são detalhadas as fases de manutenção e reposição de líquidos e eletrólitos de acordo com as necessidades calóricas e perdas.
Fluids and electrolytes Newborns
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in newborns. It notes that total body water is divided between intracellular and extracellular spaces, with sodium being the main extracellular ion and potassium the main intracellular ion. Fluid volumes are regulated by sodium and potassium salts in each compartment. Principles of fluid management include maintaining appropriate extracellular fluid volume and osmolality. Factors like gestational age, postnatal age, and weight loss influence fluid needs. Guidelines are provided for initial daily fluid requirements based on birth weight and monitoring fluid status through weight, clinical exam, serum and urine tests.
Fluid management in the paediatric patient anaesthetist consideration...
This document discusses fluid management in paediatric patients. It covers water physiology and fluid compartments in the body. Fluid volumes change with age from premature neonates to adults. Daily fluid losses are outlined. Methods for determining fluid requirements and correcting dehydration are presented. Intraoperative fluid replacement depends on the type and severity of surgery. Blood loss and transfusion thresholds are addressed. Selection of intravenous fluids must be tailored to the individual patient's needs.
FLUID MANAGEMENT IN NEONATES NICU
- Neonates requiring IV fluid therapy include those with lethargy/refusal to feed, breathing difficulties, shock, severe asphyxia, or abdominal issues. The aims of fluid therapy are to identify babies needing IV fluids, calculate daily intake, administer measured volumes, and monitor babies receiving IV fluids. Fluid requirements vary based on weight and age, and monitoring includes checking infusion sites, volumes, blood glucose, weight, urine output, and electrolyte levels to properly adjust fluid intake.
Fluid therapy
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte therapy. It covers the components of body water, body fluid composition, electrolyte balance, water content at different ages, regulation of body water and electrolytes, dehydration, and oral and intravenous fluid therapy.
Some key points include:
- Body water is divided into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)
- Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are important for fluid balance and cell function
- Dehydration occurs when fluid losses exceed intake and can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe
- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) using oral rehydration salts (ORS) is the main treatment for dehydr
Dehydration and rehydration
Dehydration occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake. It can range from mild to severe based on the percentage of fluid loss. Treatment involves oral rehydration for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe cases. IV fluid regimens are calculated based on correcting existing deficits, replacing ongoing losses, and meeting daily fluid needs over 24 hours. The treatment goal is gradual rehydration to prevent complications.
Ivf
This document discusses intravenous fluid management in newborns. It notes that total body water is highest at birth, around 75% for term infants and 80% for preterm infants. During the first week, excess fluid is lost primarily through urine as extracellular fluid decreases. Preterm infants lose more, around 10-15% of body weight. Intravenous fluids are given to sick newborns or those under 30 weeks gestation. The type and amount of fluids given depends on factors like weight and postnatal age. Fluid needs increase in situations like fever or phototherapy and decrease in conditions causing fluid retention. Monitoring includes weight, urine output, and laboratory tests to avoid dehydration or fluid overload.
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This document discusses fluid management in pediatric patients. It covers:
1. The contents of fluid compartments in the body and how they change with age. Total body water is a higher percentage of body weight in neonates and decreases with age.
2. Methods for estimating maintenance fluid needs and electrolyte requirements, including the Holliday-Segar and body surface area methods.
3. Contents and uses of different intravenous and oral rehydration solutions to manage various types of dehydration, including isotonic, hypotonic, and hypernatremic dehydration.
4. Factors that modify fluid management, such as fever, renal failure, and special situations. Formulas and guidelines are
Fluid Electrolyte By Monica N
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in newborns. Key points include:
1) Total body water and extracellular fluid decrease as gestational age increases at birth, while intracellular fluid increases.
2) Term infants lose 5-10% of their body weight in the first few days of life due to reduction in extracellular fluid.
3) Preterm infants under 35 weeks gestation display negative sodium balance and hyponatremia in the first 2-3 weeks of life due to high renal sodium losses.
4) Fluid requirements vary based on weight, with very low birth weight infants needing higher amounts to offset insensible water losses. Close monitoring of fluid balance is important in
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Water is a forgotten nutrient that constitutes 50-60% of body weight. Total body water requirement for adults is 35 ml/kg while for infants it is 150 ml/kg. Negative water balance causes dehydration. The main sources of water loss from the body are through the kidneys, skin, lungs, and intestines. Maintaining proper water balance is important for health.
Fluid and electrolyte management among neonates
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte management in neonates. It outlines the physiological changes in neonates that impact fluid needs, including higher total body water and immature kidney function. It provides guidelines for calculating daily fluid requirements based on gestational age and weight. It describes the use of IV fluids for initial resuscitation and maintenance, adjusting for enteral feedings and weight changes. Conditions requiring IV fluids and formulas for replacing various fluid losses are also summarized.
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- Adults require varying calorie amounts depending on their sex and physical activity level. Pregnant and lactating women have additional calorie needs.
- Nutritional requirements decrease with age. The elderly should focus on adequate protein, vitamins, and calcium intake.
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The document discusses fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition (FEN) management in neonates. It covers the importance of proper FEN management for babies in the NICU. Key aspects include maintaining appropriate fluid volumes and electrolyte/ionic concentrations. Factors like insensible water loss, renal function, and growth requirements must be considered. Proper assessment and individualized management are needed to avoid issues like dehydration, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances.
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Keeping children hydrated is important, especially in hot weather. The Holliday-Segar method can be used to calculate a child's daily fluid needs based on weight, with requirements ranging from 100mL per kg for the first 10kg to 20mL per kg for weights over 20kg. Signs of dehydration include decreased urine output, dry skin and lips, and in severe cases, lethargy. While ensuring adequate hydration, it is also possible to consume too much water and cause water intoxication.
Fluid and Electrolyte Mgt in Surgery - Copy.ppt
This document provides information on fluid and electrolyte management. It discusses:
1. The importance of fluid management for surgical patients and how trauma, illness, and procedures can alter body fluid composition. Adequate pre-operative stabilization is essential to prevent complications.
2. Fluids provide various functions in the body including acting as a solvent, regulating pH and temperature, nutrient exchange, and more. The body is mainly composed of water and the total body water percentage decreases with age.
3. Body water is divided into compartments including intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, and a third space. Compartments are normally in equilibrium but can be disrupted by conditions like dehydration.
Water and electrolyte balance.pptx
Water accounts for 70% of lean body mass in humans and is distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Loss of 10% of body water is serious and 20% loss can be fatal. The kidneys and thirst mechanisms work to regulate fluid balance by controlling fluid intake and output. Kidneys filter and reabsorb plasma at a high rate, adjusting electrolyte levels and fluid volume.
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Parenteral nutrition copy
This document discusses parenteral nutrition for neonates. It covers the goals of fluid and electrolyte management, indications for parenteral nutrition, nutritional goals, composition of infusates including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, electrolytes and vitamins. It also discusses the steps for calculating a total parenteral nutrition solution, preparation and administration, and potential complications that can arise with parenteral nutrition. The conclusion emphasizes that parenteral nutrition remains essential for preterm and sick neonates, but optimal inputs are still unknown, and some neonates experience extrauterine growth restriction due to excessive caution with nutrition in the NICU.
Daily requirement of nutrient for children
This document provides daily recommended allowances of water, calories, proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, and nutrients for various age groups ranging from infants to adults. It recommends water requirements from 80-150 ml/kg and calorie requirements from 120-100 Cal/kg depending on the age group. It also lists recommended protein, mineral, and nutrient allowances for infants, children, adolescents, and adults to meet their daily nutritional needs.
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Fluid therapy in pediatrics/ oral dehydration solution/Dehydration.
Introduction.
Oral rehydration solution.
How to prepare ORS.
How to administer ORS.
How to give ORS.
Limitation of ORS.
Definition of Dehydration.
Degree of dehydration.
Fluids and Electrolytes Therapy in Paediatric Surgery
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte therapy in pediatrics. It notes that children have higher fluid needs than adults due to greater insensible losses and immature kidneys. Total body water is a higher percentage in children compared to adults. Maintenance IV fluids replace electrolyte and water losses and provide calories. Fluid deficits due to dehydration are calculated as a percentage of body weight and restored with isotonic fluids like saline or Ringer's lactate. Ongoing losses are also measured and replaced to ensure intravascular volume is maintained.
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Calculation of fluid
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in neonates. It notes that total body water is 0.7 L/kg in newborns and 0.6 L/kg at 1 year of age. Fluids are required for infants under 30 weeks gestation or under 1250g, sick term neonates, those with severe birth asphyxia, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome, or sepsis. Fluid amounts range from 100 ml/kg for infants under 1kg to 60 ml/kg for those over 1.5kg on the first day, increasing amounts over subsequent days. Electrolyte requirements for sodium, potassium, and calcium are also outlined. Glucose requirements are noted to be an optimal 4-
Fluidelectrolytes
This document discusses fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition management in neonates. It covers the essential principles of fluids and electrolytes, including total body water, extracellular fluid, and goals of fluid management. It also discusses factors to consider like normal changes in body water and renal function in neonates. Guidelines are provided for fluid intake and electrolyte replacement in term and preterm infants. Common fluid and electrolyte issues like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium abnormalities are outlined. Management of fluids and electrolytes in various neonatal conditions is also reviewed.
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This document discusses fluid management in pediatric patients. It covers:
1. The contents of fluid compartments in the body and how they change with age. Total body water is a higher percentage of body weight in neonates and decreases with age.
2. Methods for estimating maintenance fluid needs and electrolyte requirements, including the Holliday-Segar and body surface area methods.
3. Contents and uses of different intravenous and oral rehydration solutions to manage various types of dehydration, including isotonic, hypotonic, and hypernatremic dehydration.
4. Factors that modify fluid management, such as fever, renal failure, and special situations. Formulas and guidelines are
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This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in newborns. Key points include:
1) Total body water and extracellular fluid decrease as gestational age increases at birth, while intracellular fluid increases.
2) Term infants lose 5-10% of their body weight in the first few days of life due to reduction in extracellular fluid.
3) Preterm infants under 35 weeks gestation display negative sodium balance and hyponatremia in the first 2-3 weeks of life due to high renal sodium losses.
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Water is a forgotten nutrient that constitutes 50-60% of body weight. Total body water requirement for adults is 35 ml/kg while for infants it is 150 ml/kg. Negative water balance causes dehydration. The main sources of water loss from the body are through the kidneys, skin, lungs, and intestines. Maintaining proper water balance is important for health.
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This document discusses fluid and electrolyte management in neonates. It outlines the physiological changes in neonates that impact fluid needs, including higher total body water and immature kidney function. It provides guidelines for calculating daily fluid requirements based on gestational age and weight. It describes the use of IV fluids for initial resuscitation and maintenance, adjusting for enteral feedings and weight changes. Conditions requiring IV fluids and formulas for replacing various fluid losses are also summarized.
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- Children under 6 months should be exclusively breastfed. Complementary foods can be introduced from 6 months.
- Adults require varying calorie amounts depending on their sex and physical activity level. Pregnant and lactating women have additional calorie needs.
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The document discusses fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition (FEN) management in neonates. It covers the importance of proper FEN management for babies in the NICU. Key aspects include maintaining appropriate fluid volumes and electrolyte/ionic concentrations. Factors like insensible water loss, renal function, and growth requirements must be considered. Proper assessment and individualized management are needed to avoid issues like dehydration, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances.
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Keeping children hydrated is important, especially in hot weather. The Holliday-Segar method can be used to calculate a child's daily fluid needs based on weight, with requirements ranging from 100mL per kg for the first 10kg to 20mL per kg for weights over 20kg. Signs of dehydration include decreased urine output, dry skin and lips, and in severe cases, lethargy. While ensuring adequate hydration, it is also possible to consume too much water and cause water intoxication.
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This document provides information on fluid and electrolyte management. It discusses:
1. The importance of fluid management for surgical patients and how trauma, illness, and procedures can alter body fluid composition. Adequate pre-operative stabilization is essential to prevent complications.
2. Fluids provide various functions in the body including acting as a solvent, regulating pH and temperature, nutrient exchange, and more. The body is mainly composed of water and the total body water percentage decreases with age.
3. Body water is divided into compartments including intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, and a third space. Compartments are normally in equilibrium but can be disrupted by conditions like dehydration.
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Water accounts for 70% of lean body mass in humans and is distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Loss of 10% of body water is serious and 20% loss can be fatal. The kidneys and thirst mechanisms work to regulate fluid balance by controlling fluid intake and output. Kidneys filter and reabsorb plasma at a high rate, adjusting electrolyte levels and fluid volume.
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Fluid therapy in pediatrics/ oral dehydration solution/Dehydration.
Introduction.
Oral rehydration solution.
How to prepare ORS.
How to administer ORS.
How to give ORS.
Limitation of ORS.
Definition of Dehydration.
Degree of dehydration.
Fluids and Electrolytes Therapy in Paediatric Surgery
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte therapy in pediatrics. It notes that children have higher fluid needs than adults due to greater insensible losses and immature kidneys. Total body water is a higher percentage in children compared to adults. Maintenance IV fluids replace electrolyte and water losses and provide calories. Fluid deficits due to dehydration are calculated as a percentage of body weight and restored with isotonic fluids like saline or Ringer's lactate. Ongoing losses are also measured and replaced to ensure intravascular volume is maintained.
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This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in neonates. It notes that total body water is 0.7 L/kg in newborns and 0.6 L/kg at 1 year of age. Fluids are required for infants under 30 weeks gestation or under 1250g, sick term neonates, those with severe birth asphyxia, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome, or sepsis. Fluid amounts range from 100 ml/kg for infants under 1kg to 60 ml/kg for those over 1.5kg on the first day, increasing amounts over subsequent days. Electrolyte requirements for sodium, potassium, and calcium are also outlined. Glucose requirements are noted to be an optimal 4-
Fluidelectrolytes
This document discusses fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition management in neonates. It covers the essential principles of fluids and electrolytes, including total body water, extracellular fluid, and goals of fluid management. It also discusses factors to consider like normal changes in body water and renal function in neonates. Guidelines are provided for fluid intake and electrolyte replacement in term and preterm infants. Common fluid and electrolyte issues like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium abnormalities are outlined. Management of fluids and electrolytes in various neonatal conditions is also reviewed.
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Dr J P da Silva criou uma nova técnica para correção da anomalia de de Ebstein obtendo sucesso absoluto. Recebeu reconhecimento internacional A técnica recebeu o nome "cirurgia do cone" ou reparação anatômica da valvula tricuspide
Diagnostico precoce das cardiopatias congênitas criticas
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Russia Mocow
The document provides information about Russia and its capital city Moscow. It includes Russia's population and area, a map of Russia, images of landmarks in Moscow like the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral, and notes on Moscow's metro system, business centers, universities, and rivers. Additional details are given about Moscow's districts, the Russian Federation assembly, and population development over time in Moscow.
Toronto Canada
The document provides basic information about Canada including its population, total area, flag, governor general, senate chamber, map, cities of Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary, and images of landmarks like the Toronto city hall, airport, union station, university, and supreme court building in Ottawa. It thanks the reader at the end.
OREGON USA
Oregon is a state located in the western United States that borders the Pacific Ocean. It has 26 counties and its capital and largest city is Salem. Some of Oregon's notable features include the University of Oregon located in Eugene, Mount Hood which is 3,426 meters high, waterfalls, and access to the Pacific Ocean along its coastline.
Argentina
The document provides information about various locations in Argentina including the Casa Rosada presidential palace and Congresso Nacional in Buenos Aires, La Plata Cathedral, Colon Theater, and Justice Palace. It mentions the La Bombonera stadium home to Boca Juniors football club, Recoleta neighborhood, and Port Madero area of Buenos Aires. Other areas mentioned include the downtown of Mendoza, the highway between Rosario and Cordoba, Cerro Cathedral in Bariloche, and Mount Aconcagua. It also notes Rosario and the General Motors plant there as well as the nightlife in Cordoba and the University of Cordoba School of Medicine. The document concludes by listing several Argentine Nobel Prize winners.
Uruguay
Uruguay is a country located in South America between Argentina and Brazil. Some of the major landmarks and cities include Montevideo, which is the capital and largest city, as well as Punta del Este. Uruguay shares a border with Brazil along the Uruguay River.
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...João Antônio Granzotti
O documento discute a importância do monitoramento dos riscos à saúde decorrentes das inovações tecnológicas e a necessidade do Estado regular essa relação, adotando medidas de controle e prevenção. A Anvisa publica a série de guias com o objetivo de fornecer ferramentas para o gerenciamento dos riscos sanitários e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações seguras na área da saúde.Doença de Pompe um espectro clínico
O documento resume as principais características da doença de Pompe, uma doença rara e progressiva causada pela deficiência de alfa-glicosidase ácida. Apresenta um espectro clínico que varia da forma infantil grave à forma tardia mais leve. A forma infantil se caracteriza por fraqueza muscular grave, cardiomegalia e evolução para insuficiência cardíaca e respiratória, levando ao óbito precoce.
Osteoporose
O documento discute osteoporose, uma condição de perda da massa óssea que ocorre com maior frequência em mulheres pós-menopausa. Fatores como baixa ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D, uso de certos medicamentos como corticosteroides, e condições médicas como artrite reumatoide podem predispor uma pessoa à osteoporose. A densitometria óssea é o principal método de diagnóstico e fraturas ósseas devido a pequenos traumas são um sintoma comum.
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O documento descreve o plexo braquial, seus principais nervos e lesões. Ele lista os nervos do plexo braquial, suas relações anatômicas, dermatomas e principais causas de lesão, como trauma obstétrico, esportivo ou acidentes. As lesões podem causar dor, fraqueza no braço, redução de reflexos e paralisias como a de Erb-Duchenne ou Klumpke.
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
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Regulatory Affairs
Full hand written notes
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
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Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
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Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
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Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
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Fluid & eletrolyte management
- 1. Total body water (as percentage of body wiegth) in relation to age and sex Age male female 10-18 59 57 18-40 61 51 40-60 55 47 Over 60 52 46
- 2. Calculation of maintenance fluid requirement 1-10 kg 100ml/kg 11-20 kg 100 ml+ 50ml/kg > 20 kg 150 ml/kg + 20 ml for each kg
- 3. Blood Volume based on age Pre Term Infants 85-100ml/kg Term Infants 85ml/kg 01 – 3 month 75 ml/kg 03 month to adult 70 ml/kg
- 4. Caloric requirements of various age groups per 24 hs Newborns (0-4 days) 110- 120 kcal/kg Low birth wiegth 120 -130 kcal/kg 3 – 4 month 100 – 106 kcal/kg 1 – 7 years 75 – 90 kcal/kg 7 – 12 years 60 – 75 kcal/kg 12 – 18 years 30 – 60 kcal/kg
- 5. Typical daily solute Balance in normal subjects Intake Concentration Total amount Water ingested 2 l Cell Metabolism 0,4 l Total solutes 600 mosm sodium 100 meq potassium 60 meq Urinary excretion water 1,5l Total solute 400 mosm 600 mosm sodium 60meq/l 90 meq/l potassium 36 meq/l 54 meq/l
- 6. THANK YOU