Fish bones, brains, cartilage, and fat are rich in vital nutrients such as vitamin A, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, and calcium, offering potential environmental benefits by reducing waste. Calcium intake recommendations vary by age, with specific guidelines for children, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and the elderly to prevent deficiencies associated with osteoporosis. The document discusses the enzymatic degradation of fish skeletal frames to prepare soluble calcium and references relevant studies on marine by-products.

1. By
Bhukya Bhaskar,
M.F.Sc
Thanks to ICAR & MPEDA-RGCA

2. introduction
• What are the benefits of fish bone?
 Fish bones, brains, cartilage and fat are nutritious,
containing extra-high levels of vitamin A, omega-3 fatty
acids, iron, zinc and calcium, according to Toppe. And
using such scraps for human food could also benefit the
environment by reducing pollution from processing
facilities.
 Calcium deficiency in the United States has been
considered a major cause of osteoporosis, affecting
approximately 26 million people annually (Melton, 1995)

3. Recommended calcium intake for various age groups
The optimal calcium intake has been
recommended to be 800 mg/day
during childhood below five years of
age, 800±1200 mg/day for children
from age six to ten, 1200±1500 mg/day
for adolescents or young adults from
age 12± 24 and pregnant or lactating
women, 1000 mg/day from age 25 to
the time of estrogen deprivation or age
65, and 1500 mg/day for elderly people.

4. Calcium and Phosphorous composition in
various fishes

5. Enzymatic degradation system for preparation of soluble calcium
from fish skeletal frames.

6. Biochemical properties of fish bone

7. References
• S.-K. Kim, W.-K. Jung, in Maximising the Value of Marine By-Products, 2007. Fish and bone as a
calcium source, Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea
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