This document provides an introduction to First Order Predicate Logic (FOPL). It defines FOPL as symbolized reasoning where sentences are broken down into subjects and predicates. FOPL is more expressive than propositional logic and allows representing almost any English sentence. It discusses features of FOPL such as generalization of propositional logic and more powerful representation. Applications of FOPL include presenting arguments, determining validity, and formulating theories. The document also defines key terms in FOPL such as constants, variables, functions, and predicates.

1. First Order Predicate Logic (F.O.P.L)
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Kapil Chauhan
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering & Systems Sciences
MDS University, Ajmer

2. Introduction
First-order logic is symbolized reasoning in which each
sentence, or statement, is broken down into a subject and a
predicate.
First-order logic can be useful in the creation of computer
programs. It is also of interest to researchers in artificial
intelligence .

3. Cont..
 Features of FOPL :
 More expressive and powerful representation.
 Allows us to represent almost any english sentences.
 Generalization of propositional logic.

4. Applications
 Predicate logic is useful in its own right as a tool
for presenting arguments properly &
determining their validity.
 The original purpose of predicate logic was to
provide a formal procedure for proving
mathematical theorems.
 The main work done by predicate logic is as the
framework for the formulation of theories.

5.  A first-order logic is one in which the quantifiers and can be
applied to objects or terms, but not to predicates or
functions.
 A sentence in first-order logic is written in the form Px or
P(x), where P is the predicate and x is the subject,
represented as a variable. Complete sentences are logically
combined and manipulated according to the same rules as
those used in Boolean algebra.
 In first-order logic, a sentence can be structured using the
universal quantifier (symbolized V) or the existential
quantifier ( €).

6.  The FOPL consist of following terms:-
Constant
Variable
Function
Predicate

7. Constant :- denotes specific object ,item element etc its name
start with lowercase letter, integer , relational
number and string are allowed.
Variable :- are use to denote some element in case the name of
element is currently not known an unimportant or
class of element is to be represent.
Function :- it serves as complex object constructors, such object
as a symbol can element of (F) & number of
argument they followed the tree like structure.
Predicate :- these are the symbol are use to define fact which
maintain relationship.

8. “Here’s an illustrative fig for understanding the Predicate
logic.”

9. Assignment
 Explain First Order Predicate Logic (F.O.P.L) with all
rules and properties with example.