The document discusses the need for programming languages to communicate with computers to solve problems. It then provides an overview of the Python programming language, including that it was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. The summary highlights Python's advantages as being portable, extendable, object-oriented, dynamically typed, free and open source. It also discusses Python variables, strings, keywords, data types, decision control statements like if/else, loops, and some applications of Python like web applications, game development, and machine learning.

1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
PRESENTATION BY:
A.K.P.Madhuri
3RD YEAR ECE-C
320126512118

4. Need of programming Languages
Computers can execute tasks very rapidly. They
can handle a greater amount of input data than
you can. But they can not design a strategy to
solve problems for you.
Need one programming language to
communicate with computer to solve the
problem.

5. • Abstract
• Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords,
simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax.
• Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly
defined and visible to the eyes.
• Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is
fairly easy-to-maintain.
• High level language −As python is a high
level language ,we don’t need to remember its
architecture and no need to perform memory
management.

6. Python
 Python is popular programming language has a simple
syntax. Guido van Rossum is the creator of the Python
programming language and released in 1991
 Python works on DRY(Don't Repeat Yourself) principle.
At the same time, Python provides powerful programming
features, and is widely used.
 Companies and organizations that use Python include
YouTube, Google, Yahoo, and NASA.

7. Advantages of Python
 Portable
 Extendable
 Object oriented
 Dynamically typed
 Free and open source
 Easily integrated with C, C++ and Java.

8. Disadvantages of Python
Python is Slow at Runtime
 Python is measurably slower at runtime compared to other
programming languages like Java, C++.
Memory consumption
• Python’s memory consumption is high due to flexibility of data types
Weak in mobile computing
• Python is not best one for mobile development because it is not
memory efficient
Difficulty in using other languages
• Many Python programmers do not enjoy coding with other
programming languages. This is because they feel that other
languages are much more difficult to use. They might be used to
code with Python, which is the easiest programming language.

9. Variables
 Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values.
This means that when you create a variable you reserve some space in
memory.
 Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory
and decides what can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by
assigning different data types to variables, you can store integers,
decimals or characters in these variables.
Rules for Python variables:
 A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
 A variable name cannot start with a number • A variable name can only
contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
 Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different
variables)

10. Strings
 Strings in Python are identified as a contiguous set of
characters represented in the quotation marks.
 Python allows for either pairs of single or double
quotes.
 'hello' is the same as "hello".
 There are many methods to operate on String.

11. Strings
S.no Method name Description
1 isalnum() Returns true if string has at least 1 character and all
characters are alphanumeric and false otherwise.
2 isalpha() Returns true if string has at least 1 character and all
characters are alphabetic and false otherwise.
3 isdigit() Returns true if string contains only digits and false
otherwise.
4 islower() Returns true if string has at least 1 cased character and
all cased characters are in lowercase and false
otherwise.
5 isnumeric() Returns true if a string contains only numeric
characters and false otherwise.
6 isspace() Returns true if string contains only whitespace
characters and false otherwise.
7 istitle() Returns true if string is properly “titlecased” and false
otherwise

13. S.no Method name Description
8 isupper() Returns true if string has at least one cased
character and all cased characters are in uppercase
and false otherwise.
9 replace Replaces all occurrences of old in string with new or
at most max occurrences if max given.
10 find() Finding the index of the first occurrence of a string
in another string
11 count() Occurrence of a string in another string
12 swapcase() Converts lowercase letters in a string to uppercase
and viceversa
13 split() Splits string according to delimiter str (space if not
provided) and returns list of substrings;
14 startswith(str,
beg=0,end=le
n(string))
Determines if string or a substring of string (if
starting index beg and ending index end are given)
starts with substring str; returns true if so and false
otherwise.

14. Keywords
A keyword is an identifier that has pre-defined meaning in a
programming language.

15. Data Types
 Python's data types are built in the core of the language
 They are easy to use and straightforward.
 Data types supported by Python

16.  Lists are just like dynamic sized arrays, declared in other Lists need
not be homogeneous always which makes it the most powerful tool in
python.
 Tuple: A Tuple is a collection of Python objects separated by commas.
In some ways, a tuple is similar to a list in terms of indexing, nested
objects, and repetition but a tuple is immutable, unlike lists that are
mutable.
 Set: A Set is an unordered collection data type that is iterable, mutable,
and has no duplicate elements. Python’s set class represents the
mathematical notion of a set.
 Dictionary: in Python is an ordered collection of data values, used to
store data values like a map, which, unlike other Data Types that hold
only a single value as an element, Dictionary holds key:value pair. Key-
value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized.
 List, Tuple, Set, and Dictionary are the data structures in python that
are used to store and organize the data in an efficient manner.

17. Decision control on python
Conditional (if)
The if statement contains a logical expression using which
data is compared and a decision is made based on the
result of the comparison.
Syntax:
If expression:
statement(s)
If the boolean expression evaluates to TRUE, then the block
of statement(s) inside the if statement is executed. If
boolean expression evaluates to FALSE, then the first set of
code after the end of the if statement(s) is executed.

18.  Alternative if (If-Else): An else statement can be combined
with an if statement. An else statement contains the block of
code (false block) that executes if the conditional expression in
the if statement resolves to 0 or a FALSE value. The else
statement is an optional statement and there could be at most
only one else Statement following if.
 Syntax of if - else :
if test expression:
Body of if stmts
else:
Body of else stmts

19. Chained Conditional: (If-elif-else)
 The elif statement allows us to check multiple expressions for
TRUE and execute a block of code as soon as one of the
conditions evaluates to TRUE. Similar to the else, the elif
statement is optional. However, unlike else, for which there can
be at most one statement, there can be an arbitrary number of
elif statements following an if.
 Syntax of if – elif - else :
If test expression:
Body of if stmts
elif test expression:
Body of elif stmts
else:
Body of else stmts

20. In Python Iteration (Loops) statements are of three types:
1. While Loop
2. For Loop
3. Nested For Loops
While loop:
Loops are either infinite or conditional. Python while loop keeps
reiterating a block of code defined inside it until the desired
condition is met. • The while loop contains a boolean expression
and the code inside the loop is repeatedly executed as long as the
boolean expression is true. • The statements that are executed
inside while can be a single line of code or a block of multiple
statements.
Syntax: while(expression):
Statement(s)

21. For loop:
Python for loop is used for repeated execution of agroup of
statements for the desired number of times. It iterates over the
items of lists, tuples, strings, the dictionaries and other iterable
objects

22. Applications of python
 Web Applications
 Game development
 Audio or Video-based Applications
 3D CAD Applications
 Image Processing Application
 Desktop GUI
 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence