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![HISTORY OF FIRST AID
• Skills of what is now known as first aid have been recorded
throughout history, especially in relation to warfare, where the
care of both traumatic and medical cases is required in
particularly large numbers.
• In 1859 Jean-Henri Dunant witnessed the aftermath of the Battle
of Solferino, and his work led to the formation of the Red Cross,
with a key stated aim of "aid to sick and wounded soldiers in the
field".[8] The Red Cross and Red Crescent are still the largest
provider of first aid worldwide](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/firstaidintroduction-241104092305-a0ccfe65/85/FIRST-AID-INTRODUCTION-is-well-equiped-pptx-4-320.jpg)
![HISTORY OF FIRST AID
• In 1870, Prussian military surgeon Friedrich von Esmarch
introduced formalized first aid to the military, and first coined
the term "erste hilfe" (translating to 'first aid'), including training
for soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War on care for wounded
comrade.
• ln the UK, Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd had seen the
advantages of von Esmarch's new teaching of first aid, and
introduced an equivalent programme for the British Army, and so
being the first user of "first aid for the injured.
• Following this, in 1878, Shepherd and Colonel Francis Duncan
took advantage of the newly charitable focus of St John,[5] and
established the concept of teaching first aid skills to civilians.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/firstaidintroduction-241104092305-a0ccfe65/85/FIRST-AID-INTRODUCTION-is-well-equiped-pptx-5-320.jpg)
FIRST AID INTRODUCTION is well equiped pptx
- 1. FIRST AID INTRODUCTION BINEZEROMAMBO SIMON BCM&CH PGD SRHR MPH
- 2. Outline • Definition offirst Aid • Principles of first Aid • Qualities of a good first aider • Assessing the sick or injured
- 3. Definition • First aidis the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. • A first aider is a person who takes action while taking care to keep everyone involved safe.
- 4. HISTORY OF FIRSTAID • Skills of what is now known as first aid have been recorded throughout history, especially in relation to warfare, where the care of both traumatic and medical cases is required in particularly large numbers. • In 1859 Jean-Henri Dunant witnessed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino, and his work led to the formation of the Red Cross, with a key stated aim of "aid to sick and wounded soldiers in the field".[8] The Red Cross and Red Crescent are still the largest provider of first aid worldwide
- 5. HISTORY OF FIRSTAID • In 1870, Prussian military surgeon Friedrich von Esmarch introduced formalized first aid to the military, and first coined the term "erste hilfe" (translating to 'first aid'), including training for soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War on care for wounded comrade. • ln the UK, Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd had seen the advantages of von Esmarch's new teaching of first aid, and introduced an equivalent programme for the British Army, and so being the first user of "first aid for the injured. • Following this, in 1878, Shepherd and Colonel Francis Duncan took advantage of the newly charitable focus of St John,[5] and established the concept of teaching first aid skills to civilians.
- 6. PRINCIPLES OF FIRSTAID • Preserve life: the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives and minimise the threat of death. • Prevent further harm: also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, or danger of further injury. This covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleeding which becomes serious. • Promote recovery: first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound.
- 7. QUALITIES OF AGOOD FIRST AIDER • Communicatio Skills • Empathy • Fitness • Initiative • Fitness • Initiative • Positivity • Selfless • Vigilance.
- 8. FIRST AID PRIORITIES youcan, the injury or • Assess the casualty: identify, as best as nature of illness affecting a casualty. • Give early treatment, and treat the casualties with the most serious (life-threatening) conditions first. • Arrange for appropriate help: call for emergency help if you suspect serious injury or illness; take or send the casualty to the hospital; transfer him into the care of a healthcare professional, or to a higher level of medical care. Stay with a casualty until care is available.
- 9. HOW TO PREPAREYOURSELF • Be calm in your approach • Be aware of risks (to yourself and others) • Build and maintain trust (from the casualty and the bystanders) • Give early treatment, treating the most serious (life-threatening) conditions first • Call appropriate help • Remember your own needs
- 10. PROTECTION FROM INFECTION •When you give first aid, it is important to protect yourself (and the casualty) from infection as well as injury. • Take steps to avoid cross-contamination transmitting germs or infection to a casualty or contracting infection from a casualty.
- 11. MINIMIZING THE RISKOF CROSS- CONTAMINATION • Do wash your hands and wear latex-free disposable gloves (in case you or the casualty are allergic to latex). If gloves are not available, ask the casualty to dress his or her own wound, or enclose your hands in clean plastic bags. • Do cover cuts and scrapes on your hands with waterproof dressings. • Do wear a plastic apron if dealing with large quantities of body fluids, and wear glasses or goggles to protect your eyes.
- 12. MINIMIZING THE RISKOF CROSS- CONTAMINATION • Do dispose of all waste safely. • Do not touch a wound or any part of a dressing that will come into contact with a wound with your bare hands. • Do not breathe, cough, or sneeze over a wound while you are treating a casualty.
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- 14. ASSESSING THE SITUATION •Evaluating the scene accurately is one of the most important factors in the management of an incident.
- 15. Consider the following •Safety What are the dangers and do they still exist? Are you wearing protective equipment? Is it safe for you to approach? • Scene What factors are involved at the incident? What are the mechanisms of the injuries ? How many casualties are there? What are the potential injuries? • Situation What happened? How many people are involved and what ages are they? Are any of them children or elderly?
- 16. ASSESSING THE SICKOR INJURED severity life- • First, find out what is wrong with the casualty. • Second, treat conditions found in order of threatening conditions first. • Third, arrange for the next step of a casualty’s care. You will need to decide what type of care a casualty needs.
- 17. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT •When you assess a casualty you first need to identify and deal with any life-threatening conditions or injuries. - Primary survey - Secondary survey
- 18. THE PRIMARY SURVEY •This is an initial rapid assessment of a casualty to establish and treat conditions that are an immediate threat to life.
- 19. STEPS IN PRIMARYSURVEY • Danger • Response: At this point you need to make a quick assessment to find out whether a casualty is conscious or unconscious. • Airway Is the airway open and clear? The airway is not open and clear if the casualty is unable to speak. An obstructed airway will prevent breathing, causing hypoxia. • Breathing Is the casualty breathing normally? If the casualty is not breathing normally, call for emergency help, then start chest compressions with rescue breaths. • Circulation Is the casualty bleeding severely If he is bleeding this must be treated immediately because it can lead to a life- threatening condition known as shock.
- 20. THE SECONDARY SURVEY •This is a detailed examination of a casualty to look for other injuries or conditions that may not be readily apparent on the primary survey. To do this, carry out a head-to-toe examination.
- 21. AIM OF SECONDARYSURVEY • Disability is the casualty’s level of response • History What actually happened and any relevant medical history. • Symptoms Injuries or abnormalities that the casualty tells you about. • Signs Injuries or abnormalities that you can see.
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