Finance and ownership
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This document discusses different types of business ownership and their associated liabilities. There are two main types: unlimited liability businesses like sole traders and partnerships, where owners are personally liable for all debts and losses; and limited liability businesses called companies, where liability is limited to the amount invested and owners are separate from the business. It also discusses sources of finance for businesses, including retained profits, share capital, bank loans, hire purchase, leasing, trade credit and overdrafts to finance fixed assets and working capital.
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There are key differences between private and public limited companies. A private limited company requires 2 or more members, has a maximum of 200 members, and restricts the transfer of shares. A public limited company requires 7 or more members, has no limit on members, and allows public subscription of shares. Private limited companies are smaller in scope while public companies can raise capital more widely from the public and have greater legal restrictions.
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1. The document discusses various types of companies under corporate law in Pakistan including listed vs unlisted companies, public vs private companies, limited by share vs limited by guarantee, public vs single member companies, public companies vs joint ventures, and limited by guarantee vs joint ventures.
2. The key differences between each type of company are explained such as membership requirements, ability to invite public subscription, filing of accounts and reports, and liability of members.
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Joint Stock Company
A joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals having a capital divided into transferable shares. It is an artificial legal entity separate from its members, with perpetual existence. A company's members have limited liability and can transfer their shares freely. It takes a large number of members and capital to operate on a large scale and undertake complex operations, which allows for professional management, efficiency, and social benefits like employment and development. However, companies also face limitations like difficulty forming, potential for control by groups, speculation, and delays in decision making.
Guarantee Limited Company
The document provides information about guarantee limited companies including:
1. Guarantee limited companies have members who guarantee a set amount if the company is wound up, rather than shareholders.
2. They must have a memorandum of association outlining their objectives and powers, and articles of association establishing rules for governance.
3. Membership in guarantee limited companies provides voting rights at annual general meetings and receipt of annual accounts. Becoming a member requires approval by the company's directors.
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The document defines and compares private and public limited companies under Indian law. It notes that private companies require a minimum of 2 shareholders and Rs. 1 lakh paid-up capital, while public companies require minimum 7 shareholders and Rs. 5 lakh paid-up capital. The key differences are that private companies' shares cannot be traded on stock markets and AGMs are not mandatory, unlike for public companies. Both company types offer limited liability for shareholders. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of each type of company structure.
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This document provides an overview of joint stock companies in Pakistan. It defines a joint stock company and describes three types: chartered companies, statutory companies, and registered corporations. It then lists advantages such as expansion of business, easy access to credit, and limited liability. Disadvantages include initial difficulties in establishment, lack of interest from shareholders, and potential for corruption.
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A joint stock company is a business organization that can raise large amounts of capital through the sale of shares, limiting the liability of shareholders to their investment. It provides advantages like professional management, limited liability, and efficient expansion. Joint stock companies can be public, with shares traded on a stock market, or private. The document discusses the meaning, types, advantages, and disadvantages of joint stock companies.
Joint Stock Company
The document provides information on the types of joint stock companies. It discusses companies based on:
1) Method of formation - chartered, statutory, registered companies
2) Liability of members - companies limited by shares, guarantee, unlimited companies
3) Membership - private, public limited companies
4) Ownership - government companies
It also outlines the key characteristics and stages of promotion for establishing a joint stock company.
Joint stock company
This document discusses the key features of a joint stock company. It notes that a joint stock company is a voluntary association of persons formed for carrying out business activities with the motive of earning profit. It is governed by The Companies Act of 1956. Some key points made are that a company is an artificial person with separate legal entity and perpetual succession. It raises capital through the issuance of shares to shareholders, who are the owners of the company. The managing body is the Board of Directors, who are elected by shareholders. The document then lists and describes eight features of a joint stock company.
Private unlimited company
This document discusses different types of business ownership structures including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and companies. It specifically describes private unlimited companies as companies that do not limit the liability of its members. The members take on full responsibility for the company's debts, and if needed to pay debts, each shareholder can be called upon to contribute a fixed amount based on the shares they hold. Private unlimited companies have advantages like unlimited liability, tax benefits, using personal assets, ownership and control, and employee shareholders. However, they also have disadvantages like complex accounting and high financial risk. Examples provided of private unlimited companies are Globephone Enterprise and Merlion Enterprise.
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The document outlines key aspects of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 in India. It discusses the hybrid business form of LLPs, requirements for partners and designated partners, incorporation process, ongoing compliance requirements, and provisions for foreign LLPs, conversion from other entities, compromise/arrangement, winding up, and merits of the LLP structure.
Unit 1 topic 1 revision
This document provides an introduction to small businesses, including definitions of key terms like suppliers, customers, and products. It explains that businesses buy from suppliers, sell to customers, and use resources to produce goods and services. Later sections discuss topics like market research, competition analysis, adding value, and options for starting a business such as franchising. Location is emphasized as an important consideration for business success.
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The document summarizes Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), an Indian power equipment manufacturer. It discusses BHEL's vision, mission, products, sectors, SWOT analysis, and strategies. BHEL manufactures equipment for power generation, transmission and industrial use. It has a diverse product portfolio, a large workforce, and manufacturing units across India. While it faces threats from global competition, BHEL aims to grow through technological innovation, quality focus, training programs, and addressing opportunities in the power and infrastructure sectors.
Limited liability partnership
LLP, a legal form available world-wide, now introduced in India and is governed by the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008, with effect from April 1, 2009
PLC
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are digital electronic devices used to automate industrial processes. A PLC consists of a central processing unit, input/output modules, and a programming device. PLCs scan their program continuously and cyclically to monitor inputs and control outputs. They are programmed using ladder logic to perform functions like timing, counting, and controlling relays. PLCs are used widely in applications like process control, machinery control, and some CNC machine functions. Factors like the number of I/O points, memory, and scan time are considered when selecting a suitable PLC for an application.
Limited liability Partnership (LLP)
The document discusses the key aspects of a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) under Indian law. It states that an LLP is a separate legal entity from its partners, with perpetual succession like a corporation. It must have at least 2 partners who can be individuals or bodies corporate. The key steps to form an LLP are: 1) obtaining Designated Partner Identification Numbers and digital signatures for partners, 2) reserving a name, 3) drafting an LLP agreement, and 4) filing incorporation documents online. Upon approval, the Registrar will issue a Certificate of Incorporation to establish the LLP as a separate legal entity.
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2) Key features of LLPs in India such as minimum partners, limited liability, and flexibility in structure.
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The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorship and partnership. Sole proprietorship refers to a business owned and controlled by an individual who receives all profits and bears all risks. A partnership is an agreement between two or more people to share profits of a business they carry on together. Key features of partnerships include equal risk bearing, joint decision making and continuity ensured through multiple members.
Bhel ppt
1) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy and infrastructure sectors.
2) BHEL manufactures power generation and transmission equipment including steam turbines, gas turbines, generators, and transformers.
3) BHEL is one of the nine largest state-owned enterprises in India designated as a "Navratna" company, which provides more operational and financial autonomy.
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Unit 1: Excellent revision aid..a must for all students
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This document discusses different forms of business units including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperatives. It provides details on:
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Form 2 Bst (1) (2).pdf
This document discusses different forms of business units including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperatives. It provides details on:
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Bm Unit 3.1 Sources of Finance
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Here is an introduction to what business finance is and what are the roles and responsibilities of financial manager. Includes various other business related terms.
BUSINESS UNIT
This document defines and describes business units and sole proprietorships. It discusses:
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- Sole proprietorships are privately owned business units where one individual owns and operates the business. They have unlimited liability but are easy to form with few legal requirements.
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MEFA IV UNIT MATERIAL
This document discusses types of business organizations and business cycles. It begins by defining business as economic activities undertaken to satisfy human wants or make a living through the production, purchase, sale or exchange of goods and services. Business activities are classified as industry, which refers to production, or commerce, which refers to exchange.
The key features of business identified are the exchange of goods/services, continuity in dealing, profit motive, and elements of risk. The major forms of business organization discussed are sole proprietorships, partnerships, joint stock companies, Hindu undivided families, cooperatives, and public enterprises. Sole proprietorships are defined as businesses owned and managed by one individual, while partnerships involve two or more individuals jointly
Ch 06
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks, rewards, and unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but more legal requirements. Other options include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and service providers.
Ch 06
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks and rewards but also have unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but are more complex to start and regulate. Other forms include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, and service providers.
The Legal Forms Of Business
This document discusses different forms of business organization including sole traders, partnerships, limited companies, cooperatives, franchising, multinational companies, and public sector organizations. It provides definitions and outlines advantages and disadvantages of each form. Key factors that influence the choice of legal form are the number of owners, tax implications, ability to take on risk, and privacy requirements.
The Legal Forms Of Business
The document discusses different forms of business organization including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and limited companies. A sole proprietorship is owned and run by one person, while partnerships have two or more owners. Limited companies separate ownership and management, have shares that can be publicly traded, and provide owners with limited liability. Key factors to consider when choosing a business structure include the number of owners, tax implications, risk, and ability to raise capital.
Forms of business activity
The document discusses the main forms of business organization in the private sector, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, private limited companies, public limited companies, cooperatives, joint ventures, and franchises. It provides details on the key characteristics of each form as well as the main advantages and disadvantages.
Business Organizations
The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, franchises, cooperatives, and non-profits. Sole proprietorships are owned and managed by one individual and make up about 6% of businesses in the US. Partnerships are owned by two or more individuals who share responsibility and liability. Corporations are legally separate entities from their owners and can sell ownership shares to raise capital.
Business ownership
This document discusses different forms of business ownership that an entrepreneur can choose from, including sole trader, partnerships, and private and public companies. It states that choosing a suitable form of ownership is important for business success. A sole trader works alone and takes on all business responsibilities individually. Partnerships involve multiple people working together and bringing different skills to help the business grow. Private companies have limited liability and keep financial records private, while public companies list on stock exchanges and make financial information public. The key message is that entrepreneurs should select an ownership structure that fits their business needs to achieve success.
6. financing principles
This document provides an introduction to principles of finance. It discusses three types of business organizations - sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It also outlines four basic principles of finance: (1) money has a time value, (2) there is a risk-return tradeoff, (3) cash flows are the source of value, and (4) market prices reflect information. Additionally, it notes that the goal of financial managers is to maximize shareholder wealth, and discusses ways to reduce agency problems between managers and shareholders.
Business ownership(1)
This document discusses different types of business ownership structures including sole traders, partnerships, private limited companies (Ltd), public limited companies (Plc), and co-operatives. It provides details on sole traders, including that a sole trader is an individual who owns and runs their own business and has unlimited liability for any debts. It also discusses partnerships, noting that partnerships involve 2-20 people running the business where each partner is responsible for debts and shares in profits. The document outlines private limited companies, explaining they have limited liability for shareholders and must register with Companies House.
Cf presentation ok
Equity financing involves raising money for a company by selling shares of ownership or stock. It allows the company to access capital without taking on debt. There are various sources of equity financing such as personal savings, friends and family, angel investors, venture capital firms, and public stock sales. Equity financing provides ownership stakes to investors and freedom from debt repayments, but it also means sharing control of the company and profits with shareholders. The process of obtaining equity financing can be demanding and time-consuming as well.
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The document provides information on various topics related to finance including:
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There are several types of businesses based on their ownership structure. A sole trader business has one owner, while a partnership has between 2 and 20 owners who share responsibility. A private limited company exists separately from its owners/shareholders and provides limited liability. It issues shares to friends and family but not the public. A public limited company also provides limited liability but issues shares that are traded publicly on a stock exchange, allowing it to raise larger amounts of capital. Both private and public limited companies must register with Companies House and submit annual audited accounts and governance documents.
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Finance and ownership
- 1. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Private Limited Companies 1. Sole Traders 2. Partnerships 3. Private Limited Companies
- 2. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses 2 types of business Unlimited liability businesses - like sole traders and partnerships Limited liability businesses - These are called companies
- 3. 2 types of business To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Unlimited liability businesses Limited liability businesses - like sole traders - These are called companies If you go bust there is no limit to what you can lose If you go bust what you lose is limited to what you put into the business
- 4. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Sole trader - Business and owner are one
- 5. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses
- 6. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Company - Business and owner are separate
- 7. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses
- 8. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Business Ownership What are the two ways of setting up in business? Which would you prefer? Why?
- 9. To be able to distinguish between unlimited liability and limited liability businesses Statement If you are a private limited company you must sell shares to raise money. The shareholders with the most shares have most control over the business. Being a shareholder is risky. If the business goes bankrupt, you may lose all your assets. Limited companies are usually bigger businesses than sole traders. T or F
- 10. to be able to describe different sources of finance Finance for.... Fixed assets 1. Retained profit 2. Share capital 3. Bank loan 4. Hire purchase 5. Leasing Working Capital [to help cash flow] 1. Trade credit from suppliers [creditors] 2. Overdraft from the bank [current liabilities]
- 11. to be able to describe different sources of finance Finance for.... Fixed assets 1. Retained profit p.85 2. Share capital p.84 p.85 3. Bank loan 4. Hire purchase p.85 5. Leasing p.85 Working Capital [to help cash flow] p.86 1. Trade credit from suppliers [creditors] 2. Overdraft from the bank p.85 [current liabilities]
- 12. to be able to describe different sources of finance Shareholders own the business. They put in money in return for a share in the business. At the end of each year the business hopes to make a profit. One part is kept in the business. This is called r………………. p……………… The rest is paid to shareholders as d……………….. .
- 13. The business cannot afford the van. So, the ……….. loans the money to …………………. The business then pays the bank …………….. The bank makes a profit by charging …………………..
- 15. Comparing options Raising capital by borrowing is good because ….. A disadvantage of borrowing is…. Raising capital by selling shares is good because …. A drawback however is….
- 16. to be able to describe different sources of finance
- 17. to be able to describe different sources of finance p.85
- 18. to be able to describe different sources of finance
- 19. Comparing options Buying an asset by hire purchase is good because ….. A disadvantage of hire purchase is…. Buying an asset by leasing is good because …. A drawback however is….
- 20. to be able to describe different sources of finance Finance for.... Fixed assets 1. Retained profit 2. Share capital 3. Bank loan 4. Hire purchase 5. Leasing Working Capital [to help cash flow] 1. Trade credit from suppliers [creditors] 2. Overdraft from the bank [current liabilities]
- 21. to be able to describe different sources of finance Shareholders own the business. They put in money in return for a share in the business. At the end of each year the business hopes to make a profit. One part is kept in the business. This is called r………………. p……………… The rest is paid to shareholders as d……………….. .
- 22. to be able to describe different sources of finance