It's a survey report about the current practice of Multistakeholder practice in developing nation in internet ecosystem. This reports highlights the challenges and problems of multistakeholder practice and highlights the various indicators that directly affects the process.
Report on data breach and privacy in nepal during covid19 by shreedeep rayamajhiShreedeep Rayamajhi
This report analyzes data breaches and privacy issues in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses several high-profile cases where hackers accessed and leaked personal information from major organizations, including food delivery service Foodmandu, internet provider Vianet, money transfer service Prabhu Money Transfer, and government websites. The report argues there is a lack of awareness and proper implementation of privacy laws in Nepal, as well as insufficient cybersecurity practices among many organizations. Improving cybersecurity culture and legal protections for personal data is needed to address the ongoing risks of data breaches during the pandemic.
Tools of social meida for fighting corruption – k.kulasekaran, proKula Vani
The document discusses how social media tools can be used to fight corruption. It analyzes how tools like social networking, online communities, crowdsourcing, blogging, mobile technology, and circumventing internet censorship have been effectively used to increase access to information, monitor governments and elections, encourage civic engagement, coordinate disaster response efforts, and protect human rights in the context of anti-corruption activism. The document presents results of interviews that found these social media tools have helped expose corruption and demand greater transparency from governments and officials.
Lee Rainie, Director of Internet and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, presented this material on October 29, 2020 to scholars, policy makers and civil society advocates convened by New York University’s Governance Lab (GovLab). He described findings from two canvassings of hundreds of technology and democracy experts that captured their views about the future of democracy and the future of social and civic innovation by the year 2030. Among other subjects, the experts looked at the impact of misinformation, “techlash” and trust in government institutions.
Lee Rainie, Director of Internet and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, presented this material on October 14, 2020 at a gathering sponsored by the International Institute of Communications. He described the most recent Center public opinion surveys since mid-March, covering the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, racial justice protests that began in the summer, and the final stages of the 2020 presidential election campaign. He particularly examined how and why people are using the internet in the midst of multiple national crises and their concerns about digital divide and homework gap issues. And he covered how the Center has researched the impact of misinformation in recent years.
Communication rights ten years after the world summit on the information soci...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey and interviews conducted to understand civil society perceptions of changes to communication rights in the decade since the 2003 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
The survey received 197 responses from organizations in regions around the world. Interviews were also conducted with 15 stakeholders who participated in the WSIS process.
The findings suggest that while the WSIS declarations had little direct impact on national policy, they brought coherence to advocacy areas and established common goals. However, rights are still not uniformly prioritized in policy and laws can breach international standards. Some rights like women's and media freedoms have seen more progress than others, but continued efforts are still needed to fully implement a people-
Open Governenment: A Framework and Case Study OverviewJeffreyBo
This document discusses e-government and e-participation in the 21st century. It outlines frameworks from the UN and other organizations for measuring countries' progress in adopting e-government services and enabling citizen participation. While many countries have implemented basic online government portals and services, fewer have advanced to more interactive and transactional stages utilizing tools like social media. The document also notes that infrastructure challenges remain for developing nations to implement e-government solutions.
Report on data breach and privacy in nepal during covid19 by shreedeep rayamajhiShreedeep Rayamajhi
This report analyzes data breaches and privacy issues in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses several high-profile cases where hackers accessed and leaked personal information from major organizations, including food delivery service Foodmandu, internet provider Vianet, money transfer service Prabhu Money Transfer, and government websites. The report argues there is a lack of awareness and proper implementation of privacy laws in Nepal, as well as insufficient cybersecurity practices among many organizations. Improving cybersecurity culture and legal protections for personal data is needed to address the ongoing risks of data breaches during the pandemic.
Tools of social meida for fighting corruption – k.kulasekaran, proKula Vani
The document discusses how social media tools can be used to fight corruption. It analyzes how tools like social networking, online communities, crowdsourcing, blogging, mobile technology, and circumventing internet censorship have been effectively used to increase access to information, monitor governments and elections, encourage civic engagement, coordinate disaster response efforts, and protect human rights in the context of anti-corruption activism. The document presents results of interviews that found these social media tools have helped expose corruption and demand greater transparency from governments and officials.
Lee Rainie, Director of Internet and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, presented this material on October 29, 2020 to scholars, policy makers and civil society advocates convened by New York University’s Governance Lab (GovLab). He described findings from two canvassings of hundreds of technology and democracy experts that captured their views about the future of democracy and the future of social and civic innovation by the year 2030. Among other subjects, the experts looked at the impact of misinformation, “techlash” and trust in government institutions.
Lee Rainie, Director of Internet and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, presented this material on October 14, 2020 at a gathering sponsored by the International Institute of Communications. He described the most recent Center public opinion surveys since mid-March, covering the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, racial justice protests that began in the summer, and the final stages of the 2020 presidential election campaign. He particularly examined how and why people are using the internet in the midst of multiple national crises and their concerns about digital divide and homework gap issues. And he covered how the Center has researched the impact of misinformation in recent years.
Communication rights ten years after the world summit on the information soci...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey and interviews conducted to understand civil society perceptions of changes to communication rights in the decade since the 2003 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
The survey received 197 responses from organizations in regions around the world. Interviews were also conducted with 15 stakeholders who participated in the WSIS process.
The findings suggest that while the WSIS declarations had little direct impact on national policy, they brought coherence to advocacy areas and established common goals. However, rights are still not uniformly prioritized in policy and laws can breach international standards. Some rights like women's and media freedoms have seen more progress than others, but continued efforts are still needed to fully implement a people-
Open Governenment: A Framework and Case Study OverviewJeffreyBo
This document discusses e-government and e-participation in the 21st century. It outlines frameworks from the UN and other organizations for measuring countries' progress in adopting e-government services and enabling citizen participation. While many countries have implemented basic online government portals and services, fewer have advanced to more interactive and transactional stages utilizing tools like social media. The document also notes that infrastructure challenges remain for developing nations to implement e-government solutions.
Internet development report of asia pacific 2016- least developed countries (...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
Internet Development Report of Asia-Pacific 2016- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Their Challenges, the research report focuses on issues and problems of lower economies in respect of internet governance process .
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey conducted by NASCIO on social media use in state governments. The survey found that while social media is being adopted broadly across states, about two-thirds lack formal policies to govern its use. It also identified challenges around security, legal issues, privacy and records management. However, states see opportunities for improved communication and citizen engagement through low-cost social media tools. The survey concluded that state approaches to social media currently lack maturity.
Digital Divide The Factors, Developments and SuggestionsBeth Schoren
The Factors of Who, Where & What
With New Commitments Developing &
Suggestions for Achievement that Meet Four United Nations Goals on Sustainability Target Date 2030
Mba 520 closing the digital divide powerpointadann
The document discusses closing the global digital divide by increasing access to information technology and the internet globally. It outlines that while regions like the US and Europe have high access, many parts of Africa and the developing world still have major discrepancies. Mobile technologies are helping to increase access and countries' GDPs by connecting people and enabling new business and healthcare opportunities. However, socioeconomic and infrastructure limitations must still be addressed. Initiatives like Open Data Kit and satellite projects aim to expand connectivity and data collection capabilities in developing areas. Overall access to information can positively transform societies and democratic processes.
THE INCLUSIVE INTERNET INDEX: Bridging digital dividesPeerasak C.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Twenty years after the internet began to change people’s lives, less than half of the world’s population is able to benefit from it. Even in some developed countries, up to one-fifth of the population is still offline, either unable to use the internet or unconvinced of its value.
The ranks of the unconnected are far larger in the developing world. As the developed world becomes ever more active online, the persistence of digital divides is likely to constrain poorer countries’ development.
The burgeoning use of mobile phones across the developing world has been an equaliser of sorts, enabling internet access to millions who would otherwise be excluded. Connectivity alone, however, is not enough to ensure that people are able to benefit from the internet. As this study argues, the internet must also be relevant, and people must have the skills and confidence to use it. An inclusive internet, in other words, is widely available, affordable and allows usage that promotes positive social and economic outcomes. Inclusion may be defined as the sum of actions taken by government, commercial firms and civic organisations in a country to make this a reality.
The Inclusive Internet Index assesses the enabling environment for the adoption and beneficial use of the internet in 75 countries. It finds that, while high levels of wealth and economic development contribute much to a strongly inclusive environment, several middle-income countries are successfully building key enablers, such as relevant content, digital literacy and policy. This shows that countries with lower levels of economic development nevertheless have levers with which to boost internet inclusion available to them.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to unequal access to technology between those who can afford computers and internet ("information haves") and those who cannot ("information have-nots"). It provides statistics on internet access in the US and factors affecting global access such as education, income, and political and economic conditions. It also examines efforts to close the digital divide through public access points, partnerships, and innovation in developing countries.
Shut it down or shape it up? The state of Vietnamese digital media in 2021University of Sydney
The document discusses the state of digital media in Vietnam in 2021. It notes tensions between the Vietnamese government and Facebook as the government seeks to regulate content on platforms. Digital media investment has grown significantly in recent years, but Vietnam ranks low on press freedom indices. Popular social media platforms in Vietnam include Facebook, YouTube, and Zalo, but government restrictions on political commentary are increasing. The document debates whether the government's approach to social media should be to shut platforms down or shape the content allowed on them.
The document discusses how the internet and new technologies increased citizen participation in government, particularly through Barack Obama's successful 2008 presidential campaign. It notes that Obama was the first major candidate to fully utilize digital tools and social media to engage and mobilize voters. Specifically, Obama raised record amounts of campaign funds online and recruited nearly 14 million supporters through sites like Facebook and YouTube to communicate and get out the vote. However, it remains to be seen if this increased online participation will translate to lasting changes in policies or citizen involvement with government.
The document summarizes discussions from Day 2 of the IGF 2013 conference around several topics:
- Multi-stakeholder internet governance and the opportunities and challenges in implementing its principles in practice. Key issues discussed included human rights, gender, disadvantaged groups, cybersecurity, and ensuring stability and control online.
- The focus session on principles of multi-stakeholder cooperation and the viewpoints shared around open and inclusive processes, participation, transparency, and consensus-based decision making.
- Other discussions centered around bridging internet governance principles across stakeholders, empowering small businesses through internet access, protecting human rights online while preventing online crime, and ensuring gender equality and women's equal rights in internet access and use.
Women face several barriers to digital inclusion including lack of awareness, affordability issues, low digital literacy, and infrastructure gaps. To address this, governments need gender disaggregated data to understand the digital gender divide. Policies should work to reduce costs, expand access to education and infrastructure, create safe online spaces for women, and involve women in solution development. Stakeholders need to collaborate on an action plan that trains women, addresses social and legal protections, and empowers women as creators and teachers of technology. Bridging the digital gender divide will help advance economic and social development goals.
Cori Faklaris presented a model for understanding the process of adopting or not adopting cybersecurity behaviors. Existing models focus on concepts like expectancy and value but do not account for time or how thinking evolves. Stage models break the process into chunks like stages of change. Faklaris proposes exploring whether there are two trajectories for adoption - mandatory behaviors imposed by authorities versus voluntary behaviors influenced more by peers. The goal is to specify stages to target security interventions more effectively and improve adoption of behaviors.
The document summarizes discussions from Day 2 of IGF 2013 that covered several topics:
1) Multi-stakeholder internet governance is being discussed more in-depth to explore opportunities and threats to the concept. Key principles and the role of stakeholders are being intensively debated.
2) A session discussed how the internet can empower small and medium enterprises through information services and enabling global trade, but support is needed to achieve this.
3) Other discussions covered human rights issues for disadvantaged groups, emerging threats to online freedom of expression, and ensuring gender equality and women's rights in internet access and governance.
4) An interview highlighted growing internet censorship, surveillance and the commercialization of related technologies as major problems, and
Consumption of news, information and entertainment has radically changed, and not just online. Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet & American Life Project, presents the latest data and trends.
Lee Rainie, Director of the Pew Internet & American Life Project, will discuss the Project’s research about how the internet and cell phones are affecting citizens and how government agencies have new opportunities to plug into citizens’ social networks as they try to solve problems in their lives. He will talk about the reasons people rely more and more on their social networks as they share ideas, learn, and seek support. Government agencies now have the chance to act as “nodes” in those networks. 4/22/09
This document provides background information on social media and issues related to its use by law enforcement agencies. It discusses how social media can be used for investigations, community outreach, and information sharing. However, it also notes legal issues surrounding privacy and free speech that departments must consider when developing social media policies to regulate employee usage and official department use. The document aims to educate law enforcement executives on developing appropriate social media policies and guidelines.
The document discusses the differences between the digital divide and digital inequality. The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not, distinguishing the "haves" from the "have-nots". Digital inequality is a more refined understanding that emphasizes a spectrum of unequal access and use across populations based on factors like gender, age, income, and education. While early internet adoption showed a large gap, availability and access have increased over time as markets and technologies have expanded, although prices have not decreased proportionately. Addressing digital inequalities requires efforts like education, affordable access, equipment recycling, and training people to be active users.
This document summarizes a research paper on applying a human rights framework to online disinformation and political discourse. The paper examines how online campaign techniques like disinformation, exploiting social media algorithms, and microtargeting based on personal data are distorting democratic processes. It argues that international human rights law provides a framework to balance responses to these issues with protections for civil liberties. The paper analyzes how rights to privacy, expression, and participation in public affairs relate to state and platform regulation of online political content and personal data use. It recommends changes like ensuring user consent for data use, more transparency around content policies and targeting, and considering users' rights to privacy and autonomy in platform designs.
The document discusses issues around the digital divide in South Africa. It identifies several types of digital divides, including socio-economic divides between developed and developing countries/areas in infrastructure and access to technology. Other divides discussed are in access to internet content which is largely in English, universal access for those with disabilities, and a gender divide in developing countries where women have less access. The skills divide regarding the ability to use technology even when access is obtained is also mentioned. Potential ways to address these issues that are proposed include improving social services, early childhood development, skills training, providing information on the benefits of technology, and expanding infrastructure and lowering costs of access.
Policy options for connecting and enabling the next billion – phase iii cal...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
The document discusses challenges with internet access and governance in developing countries, particularly in Asia-Pacific and least developed countries like Nepal. It outlines problems like lack of awareness of internet values, high costs of access, and insufficient infrastructure. The author recommends more capacity building and awareness campaigns, distinguishing economies by level of development, highlighting issues faced by minority and least developed groups, increasing participation in internet governance forums, and conducting more research targeted at specific regions and groups. The goal is to promote inclusive access to information and communication technologies to support economic and social development.
The document discusses capacity building needs and the role of the IGF in developing countries, particularly for governments, businesses, civil society, technical community, academic community, youth, and marginalized groups. It identifies several needs: increasing awareness and participation of governments; limited representation of businesses; manipulation and lack of awareness among civil society; technical community's avoidance of politics; academic community's limited role; challenges faced by youth; and need to promote inclusion of marginalized groups. It suggests the IGF and NRIs could help by providing platforms, raising awareness, and grassroots capacity building programs while addressing issues like politics and manipulation.
Internet development report of asia pacific 2016- least developed countries (...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
Internet Development Report of Asia-Pacific 2016- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Their Challenges, the research report focuses on issues and problems of lower economies in respect of internet governance process .
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey conducted by NASCIO on social media use in state governments. The survey found that while social media is being adopted broadly across states, about two-thirds lack formal policies to govern its use. It also identified challenges around security, legal issues, privacy and records management. However, states see opportunities for improved communication and citizen engagement through low-cost social media tools. The survey concluded that state approaches to social media currently lack maturity.
Digital Divide The Factors, Developments and SuggestionsBeth Schoren
The Factors of Who, Where & What
With New Commitments Developing &
Suggestions for Achievement that Meet Four United Nations Goals on Sustainability Target Date 2030
Mba 520 closing the digital divide powerpointadann
The document discusses closing the global digital divide by increasing access to information technology and the internet globally. It outlines that while regions like the US and Europe have high access, many parts of Africa and the developing world still have major discrepancies. Mobile technologies are helping to increase access and countries' GDPs by connecting people and enabling new business and healthcare opportunities. However, socioeconomic and infrastructure limitations must still be addressed. Initiatives like Open Data Kit and satellite projects aim to expand connectivity and data collection capabilities in developing areas. Overall access to information can positively transform societies and democratic processes.
THE INCLUSIVE INTERNET INDEX: Bridging digital dividesPeerasak C.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Twenty years after the internet began to change people’s lives, less than half of the world’s population is able to benefit from it. Even in some developed countries, up to one-fifth of the population is still offline, either unable to use the internet or unconvinced of its value.
The ranks of the unconnected are far larger in the developing world. As the developed world becomes ever more active online, the persistence of digital divides is likely to constrain poorer countries’ development.
The burgeoning use of mobile phones across the developing world has been an equaliser of sorts, enabling internet access to millions who would otherwise be excluded. Connectivity alone, however, is not enough to ensure that people are able to benefit from the internet. As this study argues, the internet must also be relevant, and people must have the skills and confidence to use it. An inclusive internet, in other words, is widely available, affordable and allows usage that promotes positive social and economic outcomes. Inclusion may be defined as the sum of actions taken by government, commercial firms and civic organisations in a country to make this a reality.
The Inclusive Internet Index assesses the enabling environment for the adoption and beneficial use of the internet in 75 countries. It finds that, while high levels of wealth and economic development contribute much to a strongly inclusive environment, several middle-income countries are successfully building key enablers, such as relevant content, digital literacy and policy. This shows that countries with lower levels of economic development nevertheless have levers with which to boost internet inclusion available to them.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to unequal access to technology between those who can afford computers and internet ("information haves") and those who cannot ("information have-nots"). It provides statistics on internet access in the US and factors affecting global access such as education, income, and political and economic conditions. It also examines efforts to close the digital divide through public access points, partnerships, and innovation in developing countries.
Shut it down or shape it up? The state of Vietnamese digital media in 2021University of Sydney
The document discusses the state of digital media in Vietnam in 2021. It notes tensions between the Vietnamese government and Facebook as the government seeks to regulate content on platforms. Digital media investment has grown significantly in recent years, but Vietnam ranks low on press freedom indices. Popular social media platforms in Vietnam include Facebook, YouTube, and Zalo, but government restrictions on political commentary are increasing. The document debates whether the government's approach to social media should be to shut platforms down or shape the content allowed on them.
The document discusses how the internet and new technologies increased citizen participation in government, particularly through Barack Obama's successful 2008 presidential campaign. It notes that Obama was the first major candidate to fully utilize digital tools and social media to engage and mobilize voters. Specifically, Obama raised record amounts of campaign funds online and recruited nearly 14 million supporters through sites like Facebook and YouTube to communicate and get out the vote. However, it remains to be seen if this increased online participation will translate to lasting changes in policies or citizen involvement with government.
The document summarizes discussions from Day 2 of the IGF 2013 conference around several topics:
- Multi-stakeholder internet governance and the opportunities and challenges in implementing its principles in practice. Key issues discussed included human rights, gender, disadvantaged groups, cybersecurity, and ensuring stability and control online.
- The focus session on principles of multi-stakeholder cooperation and the viewpoints shared around open and inclusive processes, participation, transparency, and consensus-based decision making.
- Other discussions centered around bridging internet governance principles across stakeholders, empowering small businesses through internet access, protecting human rights online while preventing online crime, and ensuring gender equality and women's equal rights in internet access and use.
Women face several barriers to digital inclusion including lack of awareness, affordability issues, low digital literacy, and infrastructure gaps. To address this, governments need gender disaggregated data to understand the digital gender divide. Policies should work to reduce costs, expand access to education and infrastructure, create safe online spaces for women, and involve women in solution development. Stakeholders need to collaborate on an action plan that trains women, addresses social and legal protections, and empowers women as creators and teachers of technology. Bridging the digital gender divide will help advance economic and social development goals.
Cori Faklaris presented a model for understanding the process of adopting or not adopting cybersecurity behaviors. Existing models focus on concepts like expectancy and value but do not account for time or how thinking evolves. Stage models break the process into chunks like stages of change. Faklaris proposes exploring whether there are two trajectories for adoption - mandatory behaviors imposed by authorities versus voluntary behaviors influenced more by peers. The goal is to specify stages to target security interventions more effectively and improve adoption of behaviors.
The document summarizes discussions from Day 2 of IGF 2013 that covered several topics:
1) Multi-stakeholder internet governance is being discussed more in-depth to explore opportunities and threats to the concept. Key principles and the role of stakeholders are being intensively debated.
2) A session discussed how the internet can empower small and medium enterprises through information services and enabling global trade, but support is needed to achieve this.
3) Other discussions covered human rights issues for disadvantaged groups, emerging threats to online freedom of expression, and ensuring gender equality and women's rights in internet access and governance.
4) An interview highlighted growing internet censorship, surveillance and the commercialization of related technologies as major problems, and
Consumption of news, information and entertainment has radically changed, and not just online. Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet & American Life Project, presents the latest data and trends.
Lee Rainie, Director of the Pew Internet & American Life Project, will discuss the Project’s research about how the internet and cell phones are affecting citizens and how government agencies have new opportunities to plug into citizens’ social networks as they try to solve problems in their lives. He will talk about the reasons people rely more and more on their social networks as they share ideas, learn, and seek support. Government agencies now have the chance to act as “nodes” in those networks. 4/22/09
This document provides background information on social media and issues related to its use by law enforcement agencies. It discusses how social media can be used for investigations, community outreach, and information sharing. However, it also notes legal issues surrounding privacy and free speech that departments must consider when developing social media policies to regulate employee usage and official department use. The document aims to educate law enforcement executives on developing appropriate social media policies and guidelines.
The document discusses the differences between the digital divide and digital inequality. The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not, distinguishing the "haves" from the "have-nots". Digital inequality is a more refined understanding that emphasizes a spectrum of unequal access and use across populations based on factors like gender, age, income, and education. While early internet adoption showed a large gap, availability and access have increased over time as markets and technologies have expanded, although prices have not decreased proportionately. Addressing digital inequalities requires efforts like education, affordable access, equipment recycling, and training people to be active users.
This document summarizes a research paper on applying a human rights framework to online disinformation and political discourse. The paper examines how online campaign techniques like disinformation, exploiting social media algorithms, and microtargeting based on personal data are distorting democratic processes. It argues that international human rights law provides a framework to balance responses to these issues with protections for civil liberties. The paper analyzes how rights to privacy, expression, and participation in public affairs relate to state and platform regulation of online political content and personal data use. It recommends changes like ensuring user consent for data use, more transparency around content policies and targeting, and considering users' rights to privacy and autonomy in platform designs.
The document discusses issues around the digital divide in South Africa. It identifies several types of digital divides, including socio-economic divides between developed and developing countries/areas in infrastructure and access to technology. Other divides discussed are in access to internet content which is largely in English, universal access for those with disabilities, and a gender divide in developing countries where women have less access. The skills divide regarding the ability to use technology even when access is obtained is also mentioned. Potential ways to address these issues that are proposed include improving social services, early childhood development, skills training, providing information on the benefits of technology, and expanding infrastructure and lowering costs of access.
Policy options for connecting and enabling the next billion – phase iii cal...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
The document discusses challenges with internet access and governance in developing countries, particularly in Asia-Pacific and least developed countries like Nepal. It outlines problems like lack of awareness of internet values, high costs of access, and insufficient infrastructure. The author recommends more capacity building and awareness campaigns, distinguishing economies by level of development, highlighting issues faced by minority and least developed groups, increasing participation in internet governance forums, and conducting more research targeted at specific regions and groups. The goal is to promote inclusive access to information and communication technologies to support economic and social development.
The document discusses capacity building needs and the role of the IGF in developing countries, particularly for governments, businesses, civil society, technical community, academic community, youth, and marginalized groups. It identifies several needs: increasing awareness and participation of governments; limited representation of businesses; manipulation and lack of awareness among civil society; technical community's avoidance of politics; academic community's limited role; challenges faced by youth; and need to promote inclusion of marginalized groups. It suggests the IGF and NRIs could help by providing platforms, raising awareness, and grassroots capacity building programs while addressing issues like politics and manipulation.
This document discusses a proposed "Glocal Program Management System" (GPMS) as a tool for monitoring and evaluating programs to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. It notes the complexity of coordinating efforts across different levels from global to local. The proposed GPMS would provide a single platform where stakeholders from the village to national/global level can access and share standardized data in a transparent manner. It discusses how the GPMS could track key performance indicators over time for continuous monitoring and periodic evaluation of outcomes. The document argues that such a system, with appropriate data security and access controls, could serve as an affordable monitoring and evaluation tool to improve governance for initiatives like smart cities and agricultural programs in
In the failure of the formal accountability channels, social accountability is slowly becoming an effective response to governance deficit. Understanding good governance is a prerequisite to understand social accountability. Social Accountability is an approach towards enforcing & building accountability that relies on civic engagement in which citizens participate directly or indirectly in demanding accountability from service providers and public officials.
Accountability is no longer between the state only and citizens. Non state, national and transnational actors are now, heavily involved in all stages of the production of public goods.
The influence of corporate interests in the provision of public goods and services, as well as the entry of several unregulated providers poses a big threat to accountability and inclusion.
The strategies below represent the practical ways in which CSOs have applied the notion of social accountability to the context and issues of concern to their members, constituents and beneficiaries.
Strategic Litigation
Participatory Budgeting
Mobilisation and Networking
Social Audit, Monitoring and Evaluation
Information Communication Technology
Participatory Planning and Decision-making
Consultations and Stakeholder Participation
Accountability Reporting/Investigative Journalism
Participatory Procurement and Financial Management
Social Accountability is a journey.
The work of social accountability is not a sprint but marathon.
With the help of this powerpoint presentation, at the Workshop on Governance Assessment Methods and Applications of Governance Data in Policy-Making (June 2009), Ken Mease argued that governance assessments can be 1) a reporting tool that can track and communicate progress towards goals and/or outcomes; 2) a policy tool that can guide evidence-based planning and action to address issues identified as important by citizens and in existing political commitments, and finally 3) a tool that can strengthen democracy by engaging stakeholders through informed discussions.
Contribution igf 2016 bpf cybersecurity by shreedeep rayamajhi rayznewsShreedeep Rayamajhi
Contributions to contribute to the IGF 2016 BPF on Cybersecurity.Best Practices Forums over the last two years, there has been an emerging consensus from the community that the 2016 cyber security BPF might most benefit from addressing cooperation and collaboration between stakeholder groups as a topic.
This document summarizes experiences integrating gender considerations into agricultural innovation systems research conducted by the CGIAR. It describes two case studies: 1) The Research in Development approach used by WorldFish that embeds social and gender analysis into innovation pathways and theories of change. 2) The Papa Andina initiative led by the International Potato Center that uses a participatory market chain approach and multi-stakeholder platforms to foster gender equitable participation and empowerment of women farmers. The document discusses challenges to gender integration like time requirements and context specific factors. It advocates for gender transformative policies and addressing structural inequalities, not just individual changes.
The concept paper with regard to e-voting in India – suggestive policy framework is conceptualized under the Eco Endeavourers Network endeavour initiative – innovation hub and new concepts. It is an endeavour towards greater citizen participation and for their rights and their role in nation building and constitutional affairs. It aims at improving greater security, transparency and to increase the voter turnout, use of limited resources in a resource constraint economy, reduced manpower that are deployed before, during and after the elections are held. Foreseeing increased application of blockchain technology, big data and app based advancement, the paper considers suggestive policy framework of e-voting to oversee the prospects and its suggestive implications for the decision and policy makers. Prospects of having an internet enabled/e-voting can be an efficient alternative to the current EVM voting based elections.
Intro into origins and concept of multistakeholder approach to Internet governance; @Middle East and Adjoining Countries School on Internet Governance
2014-5-26, Kuwait
This document summarizes a study on how heritage institutions have adopted open practices related to the internet. It finds that most institutions have moved beyond trials and are in the early or late majority adoption stages for practices like digitization, linked data, and open data. Country-level factors like an e-participation index influence adoption levels. As institutions progress through stages of adopting innovations, their attitudes shift to be more open and see benefits of greater participation and networking with users.
Recommendation on IGF Expert Group Meeting 2022 By Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
The document provides recommendations to improve inclusion, representation, and transparency in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). It suggests that the IGF secretariat take a more collaborative approach to include new and diverse leaders from underrepresented regions. It also recommends developing better communication strategies, making selection processes more open and transparent, ensuring funding is open and accountable, and creating tools to increase grassroots engagement on issues of openness, transparency, and accountability on the internet.
This document discusses challenges to deepening democracy through increased citizen participation and proposes an initiative to address these challenges. It identifies three main challenges: 1) lack of leadership champions for participatory initiatives, 2) lack of agreement on the role of non-electoral citizen participation, and 3) initiatives that are trivial in scope. The proposed initiative aims to increase citizen engagement, government transparency and legitimacy, and policy outcomes. It will use a non-profit partner and information and communication technologies to facilitate engagement and will evaluate success using various indicators to measure inputs, outputs, processes, outcomes and impacts.
This document discusses various models of e-governance and digital governance. It begins by introducing the broadcasting/wider dissemination model, which involves widely disseminating publicly available governance information using ICT. It then discusses the critical flow model, which focuses on broadcasting selectively critical information to targeted groups. Next, it covers the comparative analysis model, which benchmarks governance practices and advocates for improvements. Finally, it outlines the e-advocacy/mobilization model, which strategically shares information to build virtual communities and allies to strengthen real-world actions.
The document discusses the need for a "Networked Councillor" to effectively represent citizens in an increasingly digital and networked society. It argues that Councillors must embody openness, a digital culture, and co-production. Specifically, they must be open by default, digitally native, co-productive by involving citizens in decision-making, and networked both online and offline to understand different forms of influence. The challenges involve understanding new audiences, redesigning processes to reflect changing communications, and supporting Councillors to engage effectively in digital platforms without just focusing on technical skills.
A Presentation made by A.H. Monjurul KABIR during XII International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) at the strategic session on sharing information and knowledge to fight corruption. The key presentation focuses on strtaegies deployed UN - UNDP in particular..
- challenges and opportunities
Accountability & transparency and good governance 28 08-2011DrShamsulArefin
The document discusses accountability, transparency, and their impact on public administration. It defines accountability as the obligation of public officials to report on the use of public resources and be answerable for failing to meet objectives. Transparency involves sharing information about government decisions and activities through open records and access to information. When governments are accountable and transparent, it reduces corruption, ensures optimal use of resources, and builds public trust. The implementation of accountability requires measures across procurement, financial management, disclosure, civil society involvement, complaints processes, codes of conduct, and sanctions.
PACT's Mekong Partnership for the Environment gave this presentation on whether meaningful public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment is possible in the Mekong Region. Case studies in other countries and domains were looked at.
Report ICANN79 At-Large Mentor of Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
The document outlines details of mentoring sessions for ICANN79 fellows. It introduces Shreedeep Rayamajhi as the mentor and provides information about upcoming mentoring meetings, including agendas, attendees, and meeting links. Resources on ICANN learning and expectations for the fellowship program are also shared. The goal of the mentoring program is to provide guidance and support to fellows as they learn about internet governance through their participation in ICANN79.
Report ICANN78 At-Large Mentor of Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
The document summarizes communications between a mentor and ICANN fellows regarding mentorship activities and meetings in preparation for ICANN78. It includes details of scheduled meetings with topics on expectations and challenges, interactions with the At-Large chair Jonathan Zuck, and a meeting with Alfredo Calderon to share his experience as an At-Large member. Fellows are encouraged to participate, complete ICANN Learn courses, join RALO mailing lists, and communicate through various online platforms including WhatsApp, Zoom and Google Meet. The mentor aims to provide guidance and support to fellows through introductions, discussions and guest speakers in order to enhance their knowledge and contribution to ICANN.
Introduction and AI and Future Challenges for Sri Lanka Internet Users by Sh...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
The document discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and its importance as well as challenges for developing economies. It defines AI and explains its potential benefits, which include automation, improved decision-making, personalization, healthcare advancements, enhanced safety, innovation, economic growth, and education. However, the document also outlines several challenges developing economies face in adopting AI, such as lack of infrastructure, access to skilled talent, high costs, data and resource constraints, cultural and linguistic diversity issues, potential job disruption, ethical concerns, intellectual property difficulties, limited healthcare and education access, security and cybersecurity risks, and environmental impact. The document recommends developing awareness and governance strategies, conducting further research, adopting multistakeholder collaboration models, and addressing the
The ICANN Fellowship Interaction and Meetup Program is organized by Rayznews, and Learn Internet Governance (Learn IG) with support from the ICANN APAC Hub. This unique opportunity aims to enhance your understanding of the ICANN Fellowship Program's basic nature and process.
The ICANN Fellowship Program is designed to support individuals from various regions and backgrounds who have a keen interest in participating in the ICANN community. As an ICANN Fellow, you will gain valuable insights into the multistakeholder model of Internet governance and contribute to the development of policies that shape the future of the Internet.
Program Details:
Date: Thursday, July 20, 2023
Time: 8 UTC
The ICANN Fellowship Program is designed to support individuals from various regions and backgrounds who have a keen interest in participating in the ICANN community. As an ICANN Fellow, you will gain valuable insights into the multistakeholder model of Internet governance and contribute to the development of policies that shape the future of the Internet.
Comments and suggestion on Zero-Draft-Public-Consultations-FOC-Donor-Principl...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
Comments and suggestion on Zero-Draft-Public-Consultations-FOC-Donor-Principles-for-Human-Rights-in-the-Digital-Age by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.
Call for Submissions to the FOC 'Donor Principles for Human Rights in the Digital Age'
In 2023, under the United States’ Chairship of the Freedom Online Coalition (FOC) and in line with the activities outlined in the 2023 Program of Action, the FOC aims to increase ties between FOC multilateral policy development and country-level development activities. In pursuit of this effort, the United States and Canada have revitalised the FOC Funding Coordination Group (FCG) - a multinational and multistakeholder coordination, strategic planning, and global norms setting mechanism focused on bridging foreign policymaking and international development.
Recognising the need for a clear normative framework to guide donors to help ensure that foreign assistance in the digital space advances, rather than undermines, democratic values and respect for human rights, the ‘Donor Principles for Human Rights in the Digital Age’ will fill this gap by establishing the normative basis for foreign assistance in the digital realm.
The document outlines challenges faced by the APRALO Policy Forum including a lack of speakers, one-way communication from leaders to community, and an inability to showcase its potential to new people. It also notes the forum is meant for learning, understanding, and taking action, not just updates. Solutions proposed include having liaisons regularly update and engage with the forum, moving beyond viewing the chair only as a speaker, putting experienced leaders in lead roles, setting up systems to run the forum, and establishing training programs for new young leaders.
Internet Ecosystem and challenges of IPV6 in Nepal by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
IPv6 is the next generation internet protocol that must succeed IPv4, which is running out of addresses. While Nepal has made progress adopting IPv6, ranking third in South Asia, widespread adoption faces many challenges. Key issues include limited IPv6 infrastructure in Nepal, a lack of awareness and expertise among network administrators, the need to upgrade legacy systems, and the high costs of implementation for small businesses. The Nepal government must invest in infrastructure, increase awareness, and coordinate public and private stakeholders to fully transition to IPv6 and ensure a robust internet system.
Art of Assertive Commnunication, how to be visible in social media by Shreed...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
This document discusses assertive communication and using social media effectively. It defines assertive communication as expressing one's needs respectfully while also respecting others. The document also defines social media as a communication channel for sharing human feelings, behaviors, and values. It notes the importance of content types, strategies, engagement, and hashtags when using social media and provides the hashtag #ICANN76 for an event on February 23, 2023 presented by Shreedeep Rayamajhi on these topics.
Internet Ecosystem and its problems, challenges and opportunities Texas Coll...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
This document discusses the internet ecosystem and issues related to internet governance. It begins by defining internet governance as a multistakeholder process focused on collaboration and cooperation. It then discusses the different types of stakeholders and challenges of the multistakeholder approach. It also compares internet governance in developed nations versus lower economies. Finally, it discusses several organizations involved in internet governance like ICANN, IGF, APNIC and the Internet Society and their roles in managing internet resources, coordinating policies, and conducting training and fellowships.
Report on Commercial Law Development Program (CLDP)2022 UN Internet Governanc...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
This document provides an agenda and summary of sessions from the 2022 UN Internet Governance Forum held in Ethiopia. The agenda lists the date, time, session titles, and locations for sessions held from November 29th to December 1st. The summary highlights that the sessions were well-managed and interactive, provided opportunities for collaboration, and that the IGF is about networking and guiding communities toward change. Suggestions are made to include more collaborative networking sessions and icebreakers to encourage interaction earlier. The program outputs focused on interviews to understand challenges, facilitating information sharing, creating dialogue within networks, and effective communication.
Recommendation and Suggestion for Global Stakeholder Engagement Team.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
1. ALS representatives do not receive adequate information about ICANN activities and there are few opportunities for engagement. Communication from ICANN leadership to members is often restricted.
2. ALS organizations have a hierarchical structure that limits information sharing between community members and staff. Many ALSes are only active when free travel is offered. Better engagement opportunities that provide recognition could help address this.
3. At ICANN75 in Malaysia, an opportunity was missed to better engage ALSes through an online meeting. The needs and challenges of ALSes are often overlooked.
Shreedeep Rayamajhi Presentation on Survey Report on Disinformation and its P...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
A presentation for Reshaping the Global Landscape 2022
2nd International research Conference Southville International school and colleges
Presentation on Survey Report on Disinformation and its Practice during COVID19 in Developing Countries by Shreeedeep Rayamajhi
How to enagage with ICANN Community presentation by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdfShreedeep Rayamajhi
ICANN is a multistakeholder group responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of databases related to domain name systems and IP addresses to ensure the stable and secure operation of the internet. It performs technical maintenance of the central internet address pools and DNS root zone pursuant to its contract with the US government. ICANN coordinates important internet functions like the domain name system, IP address allocation, and management of generic and country-code top-level domains. It also works to ensure security and stability through education and new protocols, and supports interoperability and competition through the accreditation of registrars and introduction of new top-level domains. To engage with ICANN, one can join RALOs and follow their social media,
How to enagage with ICANN Youth IGF 2022 presentation by Shreedeep Rayamajhi...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
The document provides information about how to engage with ICANN, the organization that coordinates key internet functions such as domain names and IP addresses. It explains that ICANN ensures security and stability of the internet through practices like DNSSEC, while also promoting competition. The document encourages readers to join ICANN groups, participate in community calls and commenting opportunities, and engage through collaboration. It also provides resources for newcomers like a toolkit and lists of social media groups to facilitate involvement with ICANN.
The Asia Pacific School of Internet Governance (APSIG) 2021 was held in-person in Sri Lanka from December 12-15, 2021, bringing together 26 international and 10 Sri Lankan fellows despite travel restrictions. A social media competition was held during APSIG 2021 to encourage fellows to create more visibility and engagement about their learning, with two cash prizes of 5000 Sri Lankan rupees given daily based on best content and engagement. The hashtag #APSIG2021 trended in the top 3 in Sri Lanka's social media space due to participant engagement. Winners on each day included Aliza Basharat and Shraddha Pandey on Day 1, Rilla Gusela Sumisra and Say
Internet governance prospect bdigf2021 presentation by shreedeep rayamajhiShreedeep Rayamajhi
This document provides information about internet governance prospects and fellowship opportunities through the BDIGF in 2021. It discusses what internet governance is and its focus on a multistakeholder and bottom-up approach. The document outlines some prospects in internet governance and challenges and considerations for fellowship applications, advocating for a value-based, transparent, and community-driven process. It lists several fellowship opportunities from organizations like ICANN, IGF, APNIC, and others and provides resources for learning about internet governance.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
Instagram has become one of the most popular social media platforms, allowing people to share photos, videos, and stories with their followers. Sometimes, though, you might want to view someone's story without them knowing.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Italy Agriculture Equipment Market Outlook to 2027harveenkaur52
Agriculture and Animal Care
Ken Research has an expertise in Agriculture and Animal Care sector and offer vast collection of information related to all major aspects such as Agriculture equipment, Crop Protection, Seed, Agriculture Chemical, Fertilizers, Protected Cultivators, Palm Oil, Hybrid Seed, Animal Feed additives and many more.
Our continuous study and findings in agriculture sector provide better insights to companies dealing with related product and services, government and agriculture associations, researchers and students to well understand the present and expected scenario.
Our Animal care category provides solutions on Animal Healthcare and related products and services, including, animal feed additives, vaccination
Final survey report on multistakeholder concept and its practice by shreedeep rayamajhi
1.
2. 1 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
The multistakeholder model is widely accepted as the Internet Governance model
by the internet ecosystem. The model has always been a challenge in context of
adaptation and mitigation of equal values. The concept of equality and inclusion is
a question which has been collectively raised at various levels of implementation.
And lack of proper knowledge and wrong interpretation has hugely overdue the
bottoms up approach. Similarly, representation and diversity are yet another
issue which has been a major challenge in terms of inclusion. The number of
limited representations is also subjected to politics and manipulation at various
level with limitation of values and awareness campaign.
It has been defined that the multistakeholder model should fosters a balance
among various stakeholders in Internet ecosystem facilitating inclusion and
bottom-up approach in action. It is an effort of implementing the multi-
stakeholder democratization process with the possibility of overcoming the gaps
and facilitating the overall internet governance process. But at grassroots level
the concept and values of multistakeholder concept is politicized and conditioned,
creating a matrix of power, control and numbers.
The NETmundial Internet governance process principle states “Internet governance
should be built on democratic multi-stakeholder processes, ensuring the
meaningful and accountable participation of all stakeholders, including
governments, the private sector, civil society, the technical community, the
academic community and users.”
Today the evolution of the Internet-based technologies has created a need of
control over the system and its policies that support them. In this context the
overall multistakeholder process seems to be overdriven and politicized in terms of
proper development of values and other dynamics of representation and
collaboration. The bottom’s up approach is certainly a key strategy but in lower
economies, it is manipulated to create a syndicate of values where lack of
openness, transparency and lack of communication creates big problems and
challenges.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3. 2 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
From the developed countries to the developing and to the least developed
countries, the difference of values and operation model makes a huge difference
in how we see the internet of today. The growing four billion architecture of the
internet network lives, breaths and communicates with the values that are more
dynamic and aspiring globally but when it comes to grassroots level there are more
different issues in a country than in different region. The major challenge of the
multistakeholder governance model at local level is hugely impacted by
communication process, human behavior and their interpretation.
The evolving, multistakeholder model in the internet ecosystem has been
progressive enough where internet organization like ICANN, Internet society and
others are leading the path and setting example. Moreover, the need of a
standardizing the process and localizing the practice needs broader values in
dealing with policy making and decision-making processes. This highlights the
need of addressing power inequalities among the different stakeholders and
groups with openness and collaborative approach.
These basic values of openness and transparency are fundamental for the
credibility and legitimacy of process and the whole multistakeholder worldview
and narrative. At the local level practice, the multistakeholder process seems to
be challenged at national level where governments and other stakeholders are
increasingly bypassing each other and are working their way alone. Apart from
that the hierarchy leadership and the concept of leaders leading than a
community or group has created a contradiction against the theoretical definition
of multistakeholder approach. This has been a common practice, creating a bad
impression of the democratic values and hampers the evolving multistakeholder
process.
No doubt that the credibility of multistakeholderism and its measure of success
has been hugely impacted with this limitation but with the growing awareness
and capacity building the values and concepts are evolving and mitigating the
inequality in a conditioned way.
4. 3 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Date of Survey 5/28/2019 -7/28/2019
Survey form Google docs
Link https://forms.gle/dn7LusgZzVKTs5tQ6
Target Group Internet users and community
Survey type Questionnaire
Participation number 46 Participants
Methodology:
The survey was done using google doc application where people were
invited to attend the survey. Various links were set-up on social media sites
like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn for inviting people for the participation.
Various internet communities from different regions were contacted for the
responses as well.
During this survey the participants were asked various questions in terms of
multistakeholder practice, their basic understanding, knowledge, challenges
and various other social indicators of user behavior.
The selection of participants has been random including invitations sent and
shared. Participants from various fields and sectors have contributed in
voicing the current problems and challenges of their local knowledge and
understanding about multistakeholder process and practice.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE SURVEY:
5. 4 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
The basic objective of this survey is to understand the common knowledge
and practice of multistakeholder process at local level of developing
countries. With this survey we have tried to map the various indicators that
are creating a gap in the practice of multistakeholder approach. The
difference in adaptation and acceptance of multistakeholder process
between the developed and developing nations is hugely impacted by the
socio-cultural behavior.
As technology is growing, the need of control over the internet is also
growing, the global politics is creating a matrix of alliance and assumption.
The gap in the definition and adaptation of basic values of multistakeholder
governance has been a huge challenge at local level.
This report deals with the basic objective of understanding the capacity of
normal person in terms of their knowledge and adaptation of
multistakeholder approach in their own internet community.
➢ Finding the basic knowledge and understanding of multistakeholder
approach
➢ Highlighting the problems and challenges of multistakeholder
governance model
➢ Indicators of participation and inclusion in multistakeholder process
➢ Creating better scenario of multistakeholder facilitation
➢ Identification of measurable indicators of multistakeholder process
➢ Adaptation and mitigation of multistakeholder model
➢ Importance of multistakeholder approach
➢ Impact of multistakeholder approach in developing nations
➢ Internet gaps and politic
➢ Problems and challenges of stakeholders and groups
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
6. 5 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Multistakholder
Values
Openess
Transperancy
Accountability
Diversity
Inclusion
Equality
Source: Internet Society
Multistakeholder Values
Source: Learn IG
FINDINGS OF SURVEY
The Internet Society defines “The multistakeholder governance framework is
informed by three components: a) opened-ended unleashed innovation
(infrastructure), b) decentralized governance institutions (governance) and, c) open
and inclusive processes (human). Multistakeholder approaches are used in many
areas as an accepted international norm. In the Internet area, as in other areas, the
multistakeholder approach is widely accepted as the optimal way to make policy
decisions for a globally distributed network. This is reflected in declarations,
resolutions, and day-to-day working practices of a growing number of international
organisations. Multistakeholder decision-making is accountable, sustainable and –
above all – effective. The better the inputs and the more inclusive the process, the
better the outputs and their implementation.
7. 6 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Survey Result
8. 7 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
9. 8 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
10. 9 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
11. 10 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
12. 11 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
13. 12 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Multistakeholder Adaptation Environment:
Developed Nation Developing Nation and Lower Economies
Core values | Awareness | Capacity
Building
Without Core values
Standardization Standardization
COLLBORATIVE ENVIRONMENT | EQUALITY THREAT | POLITICS | ASSUMPTION
14. 13 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Values
Lack of Values and Interpretation
Lack of Capacity Building and Awareness Campaign
Politics
Global Politics and Manipulation
Adaptation and Mitigation Process
Inclusion
Inclusion and Participation
Representation and Diversity
Communication
Communication Barriers
Social Cultural Behavior
Leadership
Hierarchy Leadership and Assumption
Lack of Collaborative Approach
Power
Power Distribution and Control
The multistakeholder process has been evolving in every aspect of refining
its values and standards. With core values of openness, equality,
transparency and accountability it is no different than the democratic
practice. From regional to country level, there are various challenges
depending upon countries and communities. These values change where the
adaptation and mitigation process are directly affected by the social cultural
environment. This situation can only be changed by creating favorable
environment of communication and collaborative environment and trust
among stakeholders and groups.
The major challenges are listed below:
PROBLEMS & CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER PRACTICE
15. 14 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Lack of Values and Interpretation: The limitation of basic values and
interpretation is a major problem in the developing and lower economies.
The problem starts with basic value of Human Rights and collaborative
policies which are more narrowed down with adaptive measures creating
inequalities in the rights and laws. The problem starts when interpretation
clashes with limited knowledge and the basic rights which are supposed to
help or protect a citizen is used against them. This has been a major
challenge which creates further vagueness where international laws and
policies are mitigated in the desired way creating loopholes against basic
rights of people which are used and conserved in the name of protecting
citizens. In such scenario multistakeholder values are limited within the
concept of limited communities and people who have access to the
information and channel. The values are manipulated with limited
interpretation creating limitation of transparency, equality, openness, and
accountability.
Lack of Capacity Building and Awareness Campaign: The major problem
with multistakeholder approach is it’s a collaborative process of adapting
values and creating better engagement and communication. In absence of
proper values and knowledge, there is always a tussle of power in between
the stakeholders or groups. This tussle limits the trust and collaborative
environment which creates a situation of confrontation and limitation. At
lower level the lack of capacity building is a major challenge in following the
process. In absence of proper values, stakeholders are either manipulate or
they get manipulated.
Multistakeholder model is a tool which has defined the values of openness
and clarity in terms of its operation, in absence of capacity building and
proper awareness there are more possible situation of conflict and
confrontation among stakeholders and groups.
Global Politics and Manipulation: Today Internet has become the biggest
commodity in the world of power and control. The developed nations are
working their way to create various alliance and collaboration to sustain
their control over the internet. This alliance is not just limited to country
level but even at community and sector level, various lobbying and
16. 15 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
endorsement are made to create favorable situation for business and
opportunity. From the cost to the quality of standard, internet is
conditioned in variable ways according to this dynamic. This has led to a
practice of creating a differential condition for specific countries,
organizations and leaders with specific privileges. Apart from that the global
politics hugely affects the lower economies in their policy and interpretation
of what the developed nation practice and passes on. This is a more
reserved understanding where the inequalities are passed without
considering their capacity and knowledge. This condition forces and pushes
the level of equality and further lobbies policy in context of broadening the
gaps against communities which have no access and are beyond the reach.
Global politics may not be an issue but at ground zero, it’s a condition that
hugely affects the overall internet operational matrix as it strictly contests
the price, performance and standard. Apart from that at individual level the
politics and manipulation happen with a trickledown effect where few
community leaders are promoted in view of multistakeholderism. This
practice is wide spread as the entire community is bound to follow with no
other option.
Though multistakeholder represents values of openness, transparency and
accountability but at lower level the values are manipulated in desired ways
of creating better opportunity for oneself and for people within their
community.
Adaptation and Mitigation Process: In today’s world of internet where
everything is connected, the lower economies follow the developed nations
and adapt their practice and process. The problem starts when the values
and knowledge hits them at the time of operation. Basically, the problem
arises due to lack of values and clarity in context of adaptation and
mitigation.
Similarly, the lower economies are very much influenced by the developed
nations progress and policy development process. A lot of the times policies
come in action not because of need but because of the global politics that
pushes the need of adoption. In such situation if the stakeholders and
community are not aware and collaborative in mitigating the policies or
values to their time and situation, problems can arise. So, the adaptation of
17. 16 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
policy is an important aspect in terms of adapting the technology and social
behavior but mitigation process at the same time is also very important in
context of adaptation to the local socio-cultural behavior and economic
practice. Multistakeholder process in normal way is democratic practice but
when it comes to the dynamics of power control and power sharing, the
stakeholders and groups are more concern about their reservation. This
leads to a political situation of manipulation where there are more
externalities that materialize the gaps in the form of wrong policies and
representation.
Inclusion and Participation: Inclusion and participation are the basic
principle of multistakeholder approach. The basic values of multistakeholder
clearly defines the engagement of different stakeholders and groups to
collaborate in creating open and trustful environment. Lack of inclusive and
participatory approach hugely challenges the multistakeholder approach
creating a block of visibility and confusion. In multistakeholder approach
participation needs to be open and free from any prejudices. The inclusive
nature cannot be compromised as it is the base of the overall model.
Especially, in the lower economies, inclusion and participation are a great
challenge in terms of multistakeholder approach. As the power rigidity
influences the stakeholders in practicing the inequalities and inclusion and
participation evolves as a major challenge for the overall multistakeholder
process.
Representation and Diversity: Multistakeholder approach is based upon
the values of representation and diversity. Without proper representation
and diversity there is no scope of multistakeholder model.
When we talk about the lower communities, representation is a question of
knowledge and capacity. Representation should be there but there is a need
of values and capacity building as well. The problem in multistakeholder
approach happens majorly due to the power distribution and its associated
politics.
Diversity is yet another issue where representation creates a scope and
18. 17 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
diversity fulfills the condition of creating a structure. The normal practice in
lower economies is to limit the participation within a certain community and
to manage the representation in the desired way. With such practice, it
creates a wrong assumption of multistakeholder structure avoiding basic
principle of openness and transparency. In such practice, there is no scope
of communication and information dissemination outside the desired
community.
Communication barriers: Technology has overcome the challenges of
accessing information and communication by allowing people to share
information with just a push of a button. Often the communication process
is overlooked in the drive toward digital communication. It is effective only
when people of all abilities can access and understand information in their
desired way which at times is hindered by language, abilities and medium.
Lack of proper communication process leads to miscommunications and
misunderstandings, as well as misrepresentation of their ideas.
Talking more about communication barriers there are various indicators that
hinder the process of multistakeholder process in context of the politics and
manipulation that goes around. The limitation and reach of information limit
the deserving over the people who have access and reach. It is about the
network and reach and how well you are in the communication and
information accessing process. The overall principle of multistakeholder
process that highlights openness and transparency is negligibly contradicted
and challenged in process of how people access information.
Social Cultural Behavior: When we talk about internet than it is not just
about one region or one country. It is about the global network that
collaborates and share information in the open network. The next billion is
coming from the developing countries where there are limited access and
limited knowledge of understanding. And These countries have their own
laws and policies according to their cultural and social values. In most of the
lower economies, internet is a prized commodity which makes it limited and
accessible only to the few due to its cost. Likewise, on contrary internet is
looked at from a western point of view, to be very specific a bad influence,
making it a commodity of the privileged community only. This is a major
19. 18 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
challenge in a lot of developing countries where there is limited access and
the cost of connection is high. It creates a hindrance in the multistakeholder
process as people are biased about their choices and preferences influenced
by their own communities and contributing values. The overs all concept of
internet and multistakeholder process seems very vague and too loud
creating a restricted value that is being harnessed at local level by people.
Hierarchy Leadership and Assumption: The multistakeholder approach is
hugely challenged by the prejudice of hierarchy leadership and assumption.
It impedes the practice with sidelining the basic principles of openness and
transparency where one man making the decision is challenged by
collaborative leadership. Today in the developing countries the overall
hierarchy leadership concept is evolving as a major challenge for the
multistakeholder process. Similarly, the rigidity of acceptance of
multistakeholder practice is yet another issues which creates various
political and manipulative situation. This can only be curb by proper
awareness and capacity building program targeting the specific people and
region.
Lack of Collaborative Approach: When we talk about multistakeholderism,
there is a structure of various stakeholders or groups working in a
collaborative environment. These stakeholders or groups are the leaders of
their fields or communities. Most of the times when it comes to power
sharing and collaborating, the stakeholders or groups have a disagreement
over their assumption and practice. The share of power, control and their
pattern of skills and abilities simply block the roles and responsibilities in
creating a favorable environment. These situation and condition arise due to
lack of values and awareness which needs to be collaborated with proper
dialogue and best practices.
Power Distribution and Control: Ultimately, when we talk about the
challenges and problems of multistakeholder approach, power distribution
and control come as a prominent issue. This arises majorly due to lack of
values, wrong interpretation and lack of communication. The problem is not
just about the recognition of stakeholders, but the problem arises with the
20. 19 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
values of practice and rigidity of cooperating and collaborating. If you look at
the problems and challenges of multistakeholderism or multistakeholder
approach all the challenges and problems are interrelated. It is not like an
individual issues or challenges. It is something like one indicator is triggering
another one and the chain of reaction happen creating complexity and
confusion.
It is an interrelated matrix where values effect the practice, practice is
affected by the inclusion, Inclusion is affected by power and leadership,
power and leadership are affected by politics and manipulation and politics
and manipulation is affected by the communication process. It’s a dynamic
matrix of values that are precondition with correlated inequalities and
assumptions.
Multistakeholder is an open and transparent process which gives its
accountability in terms of creating a collaborative environment for
engagement and trust among various stakeholders and group. If any of the
major principle of the multistakeholder is compromised it results in a
situation where there is no gravity and collaboration.
21. 20 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Multistakeholder Map
Nations Developed
Nations
Developing
Nations
Least Developed
Nations
Values and definition Open and transparent Work in Process,
adapting
Confused and Copied
| Manipulated
Multistakeholder
Representation and
inclusion
Open and transparent
adaptation
Manipulated Politicized and
Manipulated
Openness and
transparent process
Open Limitation Processes are hidden
and closed
Awareness and
capacity building
The campaigns are
there but lacks leaders,
representation and
inclusion is a challenge
More aware and
collaborating with
stakeholders
Nil
The process is so
closed that leaders
fear of bringing in new
people as it threats
their fellowship and
travel opportunity
Financial
Transparency
Open Transparent and
accountable
Developing values and
working in progress as
they are scrutinized by
developed nation
Closed
Stakeholder
representation
Hard to collaborate Limitation and as they
are being overlooked
by many organizations
so its managed
Stakeholders are
managed with
compromising the
process and highly
politicized
Leadership Open and collaborative Conditioned Repetitive leaders and
manipulated
Gender Equality Open and Conditioned Managed Managed and biased
Source: Rayznews
22. 21 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Multistakeholder approach is important in ensuring social inclusion in order
to bring together more communities to center stage discussion. This process
can be enhanced through diversity and bringing forward underrepresented
communities. In addition, multistakeholder processes are a work in progress
and must include distributed or collaborative leadership and should be free
from influence to avoid subjective decision-making process and thus should
be independent body to represent the interest in a more transparent, open
and accountable way.
The internet Ecosystem is a good example of how adaptive and progressive
human evolution is. The internet that started from a room today is a global
network of four billion and growing and reinventing itself. In this evolution
the internet behavior has changed following various basic values and
creating its own standards. From one side of the Asia Pacific to the other
side of Africa, there are gaps of Digital Divide and Net Neutrality. The major
challenges are the lack of communication, interpretation and values of
multistakeholderism.
Though at community level the multistakeholder practice has been adopted
but there is a big gap in practice. The politics that has been going on in the
name of leadership and power is something that simply derails the
multistakeholder process. At national level there is a big gap of inclusion
and openness. At regional level there is gaps of participation,
communication and information and at international level there is a big gap
of representation and diversity. All this is happening in a coexisting
environment of inequalities where same people are repeated limiting the
voice and opportunity.
Many people talk about ‘the multistakeholder model’ as if it is a single
solution but, there is no single model that works everywhere or for every
issue. Instead, the multistakeholder approach is a set of tools or practice
that all share on basis of Individuals and organizations from different realms
participating alongside each other to share ideas or to develop consensus.
CONCLUSION
23. 22 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Talking more about the governance model in the internet ecosystem, the
dynamics of the internet which it strengthens is its biggest challenge. From
inclusion to diversity to representation all these are the core areas of
multistakeholder governance model which is challenged at basic level and
process with limitation of values, awareness and capacity building.
The objective can be achieved only with collaborative leadership and trust
among stakeholders and groups by conditioning the favorable environment
for values of equality and collaborative environment.
Multistakeholder is a not just a valued structure, it’s an adaptation and
mitigation process which is ongoing and cannot be copied or limited to
the scope and role, the community defines and adjust the process
following a standard guidelines and values.
“Your internet is not my internet, my internet is still evolving, and we are
setting the standards… “
Shreedeep Rayamajhi
24. 23 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
1. Exploring Multi-Stakeholder Internet Governance by John E. Savage,
Brown University Bruce W. McConnell, EastWest Institute
2. ICANNWiki. (2014). Multistakeholder Model. Retrieved from the
ICANN website: http://
icannwiki.com/index.php/Multistakeholder_Model
3. Corwin, P. (2014). NETmundial Multistakeholder Statement Concludes
Act One of 2014 Internet Governance Trifecta, Circle ID. (May 3, 2014).
Retrieved from their website:
http://www.circleid.com/posts/20140504_netmundial_multistakehol
der_ statement_concludes_act_one_of_2014/
4. Hemmati, M. (2002). Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and
Sustainability: Earthscan Publishing.
5. Internet Society. 2016.
https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2016/internet-
governance-why-the-multistakeholder-approach-
works/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw_OzrBRDmARIsAAIdQ_IqmznIzAAGQbF9zrzkf0
GxZ21PifobY_ZKSUKbqiAZ08LdxGAkIEcaAuVvEALw_wcB
6. UNDP.2006 Multistakeholder Engagement Processes.
https://www.undp.org/content/dam/aplaws/publication/en/publicati
ons/capacity-development/drivers-of-change/accountability/multi-
stakeholder-engagement-processes/Engagement-Processes-cp7.pdf
7. Global Network Initiative (GNI). 2017. 2017 Annual Report Reinforcing,
A Global standard. https://globalnetworkinitiative.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/06/GNIAnnualReport2017.pdf
REFERNCES
25. 24 | P a g e Report on Multistakeholder Concept and its Practice in Developing Countries
Shreedeep Rayamajhi | Rayznews| Learn Internet Governance | Internet and Democracy
Shreedeep Rayamajhi
ICANN Wiki: https://icannwiki.org/Shreedeep_Rayamajhi
Email: shreedeep@rayznews.com | rayamajhishreedeep@gmail.com
Website: http://www.rayznews.com/ |
http://www.internetgovernancediplomacy.blogspot.com/
Rayznews
Link: http://www.rayznews.com/
RayZnews is an Internet Organization based in Nepal that lobbies the un-heard
voices of people and caters a wide variety of news happening globally. We believe
in featuring or highlighting stories and voices against censorship, impunity,
injustice, human rights, FoE issues, Gender Equality, Digital rights, open standard
etc. Our mission is to raise awareness and to help people understand their digital
rights in highlighting DIGITAL EQUALITY wherever necessary.
http://www.rayznews.com/documents-research-paper/
Learn Internet Governance (Learn IG)
Link: http://learninternetgovernance.blogspot.com/
Learn Internet Governance is a Collaborative Community Development Program
(CCDP) which focuses on using local resources, knowledge and best practice to
reach out to the youth. It is an open knowledge sharing platform creating better
learning opportunity to produce new youth leaders.
Internet and Democracy
Link: https://internetanddemocracy.blogspot.com/
Internet and Democracy is a project that creates a broad platform among the
developing nations leaders to talks about the dynamic of democracy in relation to
common practice of democratic values in internet. The project carters a wide
range of scope in materializing the relevance of online and offline right and their
challenges.
CONTACT INFORMATION