The document discusses how the knowledge management system Tethys facilitates information sharing on the environmental effects of marine renewable energy (MRE). General improvements were made to Tethys, including adding over 1,300 documents to the knowledge base and map viewer. Metadata on MRE data in the Bay of Fundy and Sequim Bay were also collected. An analysis of Tethys website analytics found that countries involved in international MRE cooperation organizations and with coastal access tended to have the most pageviews, indicating use of Tethys as an information resource. However, developing countries without strong MRE programs also had notable pageviews, likely reflecting their renewable energy interests.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
This presentation talks about the process of Traffic & Transportation surveys, the bases of delineating Traffic Analysis Zones and the various surveys required to be carried out to understand the traffic behavior of the city.
Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
This presentation talks about the process of Traffic & Transportation surveys, the bases of delineating Traffic Analysis Zones and the various surveys required to be carried out to understand the traffic behavior of the city.
Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport.
EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
EIA 1994 and the further amendments are explained i.e. 2006 and 2020.
Baseline data is a significant part of EIA. As the proverb says "Look before you leap". Every environmental aspect should be considered before initiating each and everything. The baseline should be well-known about an environment.
Irrigation water management for water management in high water table areas & canal irrigation management, water logging, Drainage system, Canal irrigation management, farmer's participation in management, Water users organization(WUA),
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
Urban transportation system meaning ,travel demand functions with factors, design approaches & modeling , types of mass transit system with advantages -disadvantages or limitations , opportunities in mass transport , integrated approach for transit -transportation system
EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
EIA 1994 and the further amendments are explained i.e. 2006 and 2020.
Baseline data is a significant part of EIA. As the proverb says "Look before you leap". Every environmental aspect should be considered before initiating each and everything. The baseline should be well-known about an environment.
Irrigation water management for water management in high water table areas & canal irrigation management, water logging, Drainage system, Canal irrigation management, farmer's participation in management, Water users organization(WUA),
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
Urban transportation system meaning ,travel demand functions with factors, design approaches & modeling , types of mass transit system with advantages -disadvantages or limitations , opportunities in mass transport , integrated approach for transit -transportation system
Deep learning for large scale biodiversity monitoringGreenapps&web
CC by David J. Klein, Matthew W. McKown & Bernie R. Tershy
Conservation Metrics, Inc.
Healthy ecosystems with intact biodiversity provide human societies with valuable services such as clean air and water, storm protection, tourism, medicine, food, and cultural resources. Protecting this natural capital is one of the great challenges of our era. Species extinction and ecological degradation steadily continues despite conservation funding of roughly U.S. $20 billion per year worldwide. Measurements of conservation outcomes are often uninformative, hindering iterative improvements and innovation in the field. There is cause for optimism, however, as recent technological advances in sensor networks, big data processing, and machine intelligence can provide affordable and effective measures of conservation outcomes. We present several working case studies using our system, which employs deep learning to empower biologists to analyze petabytes of sensor data from a network of remote microphones and cameras. This system, which is being used to monitor endangered species and ecosystems around the globe, has enabled an order of magnitude improvement in the cost effectiveness of such projects. This approach can be expanded to encompass a greater variety of sensor sources, such as drones, to monitor animal populations, habitat quality, and to actively deter wildlife from hazardous structures. We present a strategic vision for how data-driven approaches to conservation can drive iterative improvements through better information and outcomes-based funding mechanisms, ultimately enabling increasing returns on biodiversity investments.
Progresses on the Global Solar and Wind Atlas, Data Quality Information Frame...IRENA Global Atlas
Progresses on the Global Solar and Wind Atlas, Data Quality Information Framework and concept for the Global Renewable Energy Atlas.
A presentation by Nicolas Fichaux (IRENA) during the Global Atlas side event which held at the World Future Energy Summit in 2014
Big Data R&D Strategy - Ensure the long term sustainability, access, and deve...Sky Bristol
Presentation on one of the strategic themes being considered for a U.S. Government Big Data R&D strategy - https://www.nitrd.gov/bigdata/rfi/02102014.aspx.
Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in SocietyS.docxcroysierkathey
Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society
Slow Tech: a quest for good, clean and fair ICT
Norberto Patrignani Diane Whitehouse
Article information:
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JICES-11-2013-0051
Slow Tech: a quest for good,
clean and fair ICT
Norberto Patrignani
Politecnico of Torino, Torino, Italy, and
Diane Whitehouse
The Castlegate Consultancy, Malton, UK
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the term Slow Tech as a way of describing
information and communication technology (ICT) that is good, clean an ...
Big data and the dark arts - Jisc Digital Media 2015Jisc
There still remains a certain misunderstanding by the very definition of "big data" and the perceived hype around the term. This workshop clarified the concepts and give examples of relevant big data projects.
Big data and the dark arts - Jisc Digital Media 2015
Final Suli Report
1. The role of knowledge in fostering international cooperation to better understand the
environmental effects of marine renewable energy through the use of Tethys
Matthew Preisser
I. ABSTRACT
Marine renewable energy (MRE) is an emerging industry that harnesses
electrical power from marine environments. Since it is a new market, there is a
need to spread current knowledge on its potential effects to the environment to
ensure the industry can start off on a solid foundation. Tethys is a knowledge
management system developed and maintained at PNNL. The purpose of
Tethys is to facilitate the exchange of information on the environmental effects
of MRE while serving as a commons to enhance the connectedness between the
industry, researchers, regulators and other interested parties. General
improvements were made to enhance resources on the website, focused around
geolocation. These improvements are a necessary to ensure that the flow of
information through the website remains up to date and is searchable.
A specific area of expanded use for Tethys was initiated as part of this
project, increasing the ability to search for information by waterbody. Data
sources were gathered from the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada, and
from Sequim Bay in Washington, and represented by metadata in Tethys. An
in-depth look into the website analytics provided better understanding of how
MRE is growing in different regions around the world. Geographical trends
over time showed correlations between countries producing documents for the
knowledge base and users of the site. Through this analysis it was clear that the
countries engaged in research into the environmental effects of MRE tend to
use Tethys more than others, however many smaller and developing countries
that have access to large bodies of water are also extensively viewing the site.
MRE technologies show great potential for supplying electricity to these
smaller countries, and resources such as Tethys serve to advance the industry
while ensuring the protection of the environment.
2. 2
II. INTRODUCTION
As concerns over global climate change and the demand for energy both continue to grow,
more people are looking towards new forms of renewable energy [1]. Marine renewable energy
(MRE) encompasses all energy that is generated from the kinetic movement of the oceans
(surface waves, currents, or tides) or potential energy from differences in salinity and
temperature [2]. In the US, this form of energy generation is often referred to as MHK (marine
and hydrokinetic energy). Riverine energy - energy through the movement of rivers that is
collected through turbines and not by traditional dams - can also be included.
One of the biggest concerns with MRE is the environmental impacts. While the public has a
high interest in marine environmental issues, there is a large gap between awareness and
availability of information [3]. Many members of the public are unaware of how MRE will affect
the environment, and they fear that putting such devices in the water will negatively impact
places that are of significant importance to them [4]. Fisherman fear MRE development could
destroy the industry that they rely on, and the public is concerned that marine mammals will be
struck and killed by such devices. This perceived danger can stop the advancement of the
industry [5]. Having a knowledge base that can put these fears to rest is an essential tool for
gaining public trust and acceptance to MRE projects, as well as satisfy the legally required
permitting and licensing for these devices.
One of the major functions of Tethys is to collect documents related to the environmental
impacts of MRE, in order to facilitate the exchange of information and further enhance the
connectedness of the renewable energy community [6]. The knowledge base (the searchable
database itself) includes journal and magazine articles, technical reports, book chapters,
presentations, and conference papers in a sortable, filterable table. The map viewer is another
resource on the site that shows the location of geotagged articles or reports. Tethys is continually
updated to include the most relevant material on the environmental impacts of wave, tidal, and
other MRE technologies. Land-based and offshore wind is also addressed by Tethys but this
project focuses primarily on MRE. Knowing how these forms of technology are affecting the
environment are important in understanding how to protect the environment from future harm.
The Department of Energy’s mission statement is: “…to ensure America’s security and
prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through
transformative science and technology solutions.” [7] For example, the Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL) does research on the environmental effects of marine technology,
while the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) works on testing aspects of the technology,
and the technologies are developed by the industry. Having this searchable database makes
cooperation between groups more efficient. This also has a global impact as countries are
working together to ensure the safe continual use of marine environments [8]. It is also important
that Tethys is a public database to ensure that regulators, developers, stakeholders, and others
have the same information from which to make mutually acceptable decisions [9]. Tethys
requires continual updates as new information becomes available, to ensure that the information
stays relevant.
During this project, information on Tethys was updated and new features were added to
ensure that the site remains a powerful tool. A new feature initialized by this project will expand
the map viewer by adding the ability to search for information by waterbody. Data sources were
3. 3
collected from the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada and from Sequim Bay, Washington,
and will be stored as metadata in Tethys to make this new feature possible. The focus of the
updates and data acquisition centered on the geographical location of information; this
information can then be analyzed to better track where MRE research is being carried out and
how it is being disseminated.
III. SETTING AND METHODS
This work was done at the Seattle Office of PNNL and was based on online research. Google
Scholar was used as the primary source for finding new journal articles and reports to be added
to Tethys. Google Maps and Google Analytics were used to research and better visualize
geographical information. Researchers and interns in other laboratories and universities were
contacted by email and Skype to collect data from the Bay of Fundy and Sequim Bay. Additional
information on data collection and analysis can be found in the following section.
IV. GENERAL IMPROVMENTS AND METADATA COLLECTION
A. Improvements to knowledge base
Over the course of my work, I completed several tasks aimed at improving Tethys by
enhancing the knowledge base. A number of documents were added directly to the database that
were found either through Google Scholar, or were imported from outside sources such as the
NREL’s database WILD (Wind-Wildlife Impacts Literature Database). Whenever possible, a
PDF file of the document is attached to ensure that one could have easy access to the document
online; the exception is where copyright law prohibits making PDFs publically available. The
properties of all the PDF files currently on Tethys were checked to ensure each of them had the
appropriate title and author listed. The knowledge base links documents to the authors’
organizations and/or the sponsors of the work. Descriptions of numerous organizations
(universities, research institutes, non-profits, etc.) were added to Tethys to promote better
conductivity within the sector.
B. Additions to other resources
Tethys has many other resources beyond the knowledge base and the map viewer, including
the Tethys Story. Every few weeks a new story or blog post is posted that might interest viewers.
I researched, wrote, and posted the story titled “Tidal Lagoons: Another Technique for Capturing
Marine Renewable Energy.” [6] This story highlights some of the key features of the tidal lagoon
being built for Swansea Bay in the Severn Estuary in the Bristol Channel, United Kingdom. The
glossary on Tethys is another useful page that provides definitions of some common words on
Tethys. I researched and expanded specific types of technologies (tidal turbines, tidal barrages,
wave attenuator, etc.) to better differentiate among different MRE devices.
C. Additions to the map viewer
The Tethys map viewer is a great resource to envision the location of research documents and
reports. Though some research studies address broad concepts that do not pertain to exact
locations, these documents are not geotagged or included in the map viewer. Before I started
4. 4
adding documents, there was approximately 700 geotagged documents; I increased that number
to approximately 2,078, a 197% increase. There are 3,357 total items in the knowledge base;
now 61.90% of all documents have a geolocation associated with them. Along with the addition
of documents to the map viewer, I researched new website modules to better enhance the
usability of this resource. With over 2,000 data points on the map, it can be difficult to navigate
through so much information; these new modules could be used to organize the data points into
clusters based on regions (compared to the current method of clustering across regional borders).
Data points at the same location (i.e. the same research site) can appear cluttered and are
sometimes difficult to navigate. These new modules could provide automated updates to
organize the data points into easier to use groupings. Further research and development in this
area is needed to implement the modules.
D. Metadata collection
Research data originate at countless facilities around the world and are often difficult to
locate and are not readily accessible. The point of collecting the metadata is to have a written
record of available data and contact information to obtain the data. Metadata were developed
from the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) in the Bay of Fundy in Nova
Scotia, Canada, based on data stored on their numerous GIS layers. Layers include information
on bathymetry data, ecological regions, and tidal range data. This was done by collaborating with
Canadian researchers and interns (Dr. Anna Redden and Elizabeth Nagel), working through an
Excel spreadsheet that contained relevant information for the layers. The metadata will be added
online to the Tethys knowledge base and map viewer. A similar process for collecting metadata
is underway for the Sequim Bay PNNL lab, connecting to data on salinity, pH, depth, current
speeds, etc. This process will help to keep track of data that can be referenced in future.
V. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS
Google Analytics is used to analyze and track how, when, and where people are viewing
Tethys. Different statistics were examined as part of this project and are discussed below.
A. Countries with greatest number of sessions over the past year
Examining the use of Tethys by country, I looked at pageviews as a measure of use. Table 1
organizes the countries by the number of pageviews, which is defined as the total number of
pages viewed including repeated views of a single page. The time period analyzed was June 1st
of 2015 through June 30th
of 2016, to ensure that full months’ worth of data were analyzed. One
of the difficulties with using the pageview statistic is that the country might not be represented
well, based on population. Less populous countries who might be using Tethys more than larger
countries might have lower numbers simply because they have a smaller population. With this
taken into consideration, it is still possible to explain why many of these countries rank highly in
the list of pageviews.
Two different international organizations that have a role in Tethys are Annex IV and
WREN, both of which explore the environmental effects of MRE and wind energy, respectively.
Annex IV was established by the IEA Ocean Energy Systems (OES) to mobilize information and
practitioners from partnering nations to progress the MRE industry in an environmentally
responsible manner and is implemented by PNNL. WREN (Working Together to Resolve
5. 5
Environment Effects of Wind Energy) was established by the IEA Wind Committee with the
objective of facilitating international collaboration and advance global understanding of potential
environmental effects of wind energy and is implemented jointly by PNNL and NREL [10].
Table 1: Country and number of Tethys pageviews ranked from high to low (June 1st
, 2015 –
June 30th
, 2016)
Partner countries for Annex IV are Canada, China, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria,
Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Countries involved in WREN are France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. All of these countries rank
highly in pageviews (Table 1) except for New Zealand, most likely due to its small population,
and Nigeria, a country with many inefficiencies in the allocation of energy resources but with
high renewable energy potential [11].
Rank Country Pageviews Annex
IV
Country
WREN
Country
1 United States 236,421 X X
2 United Kingdom 26,021 X X
3 Canada 8,528 X
4 Germany 5,871 X
5 Ireland 5,146 X X
6 France 4,349 X
7 Japan 4,210 X
8 Sweden 4,076 X X
9 Spain 3,808 X X
10 China 3,420 X
11 Chile 3,288
12 Netherlands 3,241 X
13 Australia 3,045
14 India 2,414
15 Portugal 1,959 X
16 Italy 1,756
17 Russia 1,747
18 Belgium 1,465
19 Norway 1,460 X X
20 Switzerland 1,393 X
21 Brazil 1,366
22 Greece 1,041
23 Mexico 998
24 Denmark 913
6. 6
Looking at the top three countries using Tethys, all are English speaking (which is the
language of the website), have direct ties to PNNL research, and are a part of Annex IV and/or
WREN. The US is at the top with the most pageviews probably because it was developed here. It
also makes sense that 72.19% of these pageviews are from Washington State, reflecting use at
PNNL, ongoing work on the site, and use by PNNL-associated partners. The UK also has a lot of
research going on in Wales and in Scotland around the Orkney Islands. There are many research
groups focused on the environmental impact of MRE based here such as the European Marine
Energy Centre (EMEC). The UK’s offshore wind power potential also puts the country far ahead
of others when it comes to developing the analogous MRE industry [12]. Canada is also high on
the list due to a strong emphasis on tidal development at FORCE and west coast wave
development. Regions of Canada with the most pageviews support this statement with a high
percentage of pageviews coming from Nova Scotia and British Columbia, both coastal provinces
rich in marine energy resources. According to other statistics from Google Analytics, the three
most commonly used search languages are variations of English (US, UK, and Canadian
English), which again support these countries’ frequent use of the website.
The countries that are not a part of Annex IV and WREN that make the top 24 list in
pageviews are the countries that I am most interested in because they have the fewest obvious
ties to Tethys. All of these outlier countries have access to large bodies of water, which could
mean that there is adequate potential for MRE in these countries. India’s spot at number 14 for
most pageviews probably comes from their situation of being a developing nation with an
extremely high population and their push for more sustainable forms of energy [13], as well as a
vibrant research community in marine industries [10]. Indians may want to develop MRE
technologies and are welcoming these ideas, and hope to learn from what other countries are
doing so they can benefit. The same thing could be said for Brazil [14], and Chile [15]. Greece
(ranked 22nd
) is a smaller country, also having economic troubles in recent years, but has
extensive access to water where MRE has a high potential.
B. Comparing Tethys map viewer and Google Analytics city viewer
When looking at the map viewer on Tethys (Fig. 1) we can see that certain areas produce
more research than others. Figure 2 is a map showing number of pageviews based on cities. The
US is excluded from this map to better contrast other parts of the world. Figure 1 shows us that
the documents coming out of Northern Europe, the UK, and the Scandinavian countries eclipses
those that are coming out of other places of the world. Figure 2 shows us that the majority of the
pageviews also come from these areas. But looking more closely at Figure 2, we can see ‘hot
spots’ around the globe. Countries including India, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, Brazil,
and Chile also have a high number of pageviews. Australia is a developed country and ranked
13th
on the most pageviews list (Table 1), reflecting their political uncertainty in MRE
development, but also their interest in future renewable energy technology [10], [16], [17].
Developing countries such as India, Brazil, and Chile are all not necessarily researching MRE
and producing reports at the same rate as other countries, but each is pushing towards developing
more renewable energy sources and using Tethys as a tool to further advance potential
development. These countries could also represent the language barrier, in that the language of
the site is English but the primary languages of Brazil and Chile are different.
7. 7
Figure 1: Map Viewer screenshot of Tethys showing location of geotagged documents as of July
7th, 2016
Figure 2: Google Analytics screenshot showing weighted location of pageviews based on
cities, excluding the United States (June 1st, 2015 through June 30th, 2016)
8. 8
New Zealand and Singapore represent another interesting aspect of MRE development.
Singapore relies on imported energy due to its small size [18], while New Zealand uses extensive
hydropower resources on the islands [19]. Many small island communities rely on energy for
economic growth, but importing fossil fuel is expensive, has many long term financial risks [20]
and can jeopardize the security of the country. But having a small population means that they do
not need a large energy industry. MRE has a major advantage for these smaller niche countries
because the country has easy access to an endless power supply that can power a large
percentage of its coastal-oriented development and citizenry [20]. This potential for supplying
small and Remote Island/coastal communities with MRE can be seen around the world including
Alaska [21], India [22], and Australia [23].
C. Case Study: Indonesia
Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia made up of thousands of islands. It was chosen to be
examined in depth because of its status as a developing island nation that has a high potential for
MRE, including extensive low current tidal energy and some wave energy potential. From June
2015 to June 2016, Indonesia ranked 28th
for countries with most pageviews on Tethys, which
likely means they are interested in some form of MRE. Indonesia is a prime spot for MRE for a
number of reasons. It is made up of thousands of tiny islands which make it difficult to connect
to a single electrical grid, and a good candidate for dispersed electrical supply. Electrification of
the country will most likely be accomplished through individual village grids that are powered
by some form of renewable energy [24]. Indonesia is the 4th
most populous country but 80
million people lack access to electricity. Indonesia has many oil and natural gas deposits but due
to over extraction and export, they now import fossil fuel [25]. In light of this struggle for
energy, Indonesia needs a new source of electricity for its over 250 million inhabitants. Recent
exploratory ventures have identified potential tidal energy development areas in this populous
nation [26], [27].
75% of the nation’s energy consumption comes from non-renewable energy sources (oil, gas,
coal), which amounts to just under 1 million kboe, or kilobarrel of oil equivalent [28]. This is
equivalent to 1.7 million GWh of electricity. This is the amount of electricity needed just to
reach the current demand in the country from non-renewable sources, so in reality they will need
more provide a reliable source to the entire population. Not all of this demand is likely to come
from MRE, but incorporating wave, tidal, current, and wind energy into a more diverse energy
portfolio can help the country become more energy independent. Indonesia has some of the most
species-diverse waters in the world [29], so also understanding the environmental impacts of this
technology is essential. Two different reports have predicted that the power from a tidal array in
the Alas Strait could provide about 620 GWh of electricity every year [26], [27].This is just a
small drop out of the total that is needed but this only focuses on one waterbody. Combining this
with other forms of MRE, we see that Indonesia has a potential offshore wind power capacity of
1,401 GW [30]. If we assume an annual real world output of 20%, with an availability of 50% ,
generating 1.2 million GWh might be possible. Using different MRE technologies to diversify an
energy portfolio can greatly benefit a nation economically and in terms of security by reducing
the need to rely on imported fuels. Using resources such as Tethys to understand environmental
impacts of this technology can assist and speed up the process of implementing MRE technology
in countries like Indonesia.
9. 9
VI. CONCLUSION
International cooperation is necessary for the future of MRE, and will continue to be helpful
for other industries such as offshore and onshore wind development. Organizations such as
Annex IV and WREN that utilize resources such as Tethys can better facilitate the flow of
information between countries. Tethys is not just a place for research institutions to search for
information but it can be a tool for regulators to support informed decisions, and for the public to
increase their understanding of potential effects of MRE technology, and leaders of developing
nations looking to harness new forms of energy while protecting the marine environment. There
are many unknowns associated with MRE that can delay projects, such as the uncertainty about
collision risk for fish and marine mammals around tidal turbines. Tethys can be used to educate
the public and gain their support for MRE development. Learning about the real impacts can
remove the perceived fear behind MRE, which will remove roadblocks for future development.
This information should be accessible to everyone and Tethys is used to facilitate this sharing of
information.
Using an online resource makes it much easier to track the use of information. Many of the
documents on Tethys can be found elsewhere on the internet or in other publications, but by
collecting them all in one central location, it is possible to track the flow of information. This
can help guide future research because it is easier to identify gaps in research. Using geolocation
tools to track these documents can allow researchers to contact one another to accomplish the
common goal of environmentally friendly marine renewable energy.
10. 10
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Department of Energy. I would like to thank the Science
Undergraduate Laboratory Internship program for giving me the opportunity to complete this
work over the course of the summer.
I would also like to thank my mentor, Andrea Copping, for guidance over the summer and for
giving me the best work experiences possible.
I also show my gratitude and appreciation to Jonathan Whiting for working with me this summer
and teaching me about Tethys.
To learn more go to http://tethys.pnnl.gov
11. 11
VIII. REFERENCES
1
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