1. CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL
(DMFC)

2. INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS CLEAN TECHNOLOGY?
Cleantech is any product or services that improves
operational performance, productivity, or
efficiency while reducing costs, inputs, energy
consumption, waste, or environmental pollution
It means to generate power with smaller
environmental footprint and minimize pollution.
It includes recycling renewable & many other
applications that are energy efficient.

3. SIGNIFICANCE
• Most of the current power generation
methods have adversely affected the in
various ways environment such as ozone hole,
acid rain , change in climate patterns and
global warming.
• Due to this, more cleaner forms of energy are
required.

4. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
• Recycling
• Renewable Energy
• Green or sustainable technology (Fuel Cells,
Green Vehicles, etc.. )

5. Direct Methanol Cell (DMFC)

6. Promises of DMFC
1.Methanol- a better substitute for
hydrogen in fuel cell.
Energy density: Methanol: 4.8 Wh/cm3
Hydrogen: 2.7 Wh/cm3
Easy transportation and handling
Readily available, relatively lesser cost
Stable at all atmospheric conditions
2.Environmental Concerns

7. Electrochemical reactions
involved in DMFC
Anodic reaction(Oxidation): 0.02 V
CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 6H + + 6e-
Cathodic reaction (Reduction): 1.23V
3/2 O2 + 6H+ + 6e- → 3H2O
Overall reaction: 1.21 V
CH3OH + 3/2 O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

8. Process Description

9. Proton Exchange Membrane
Semi permeable membrane
pure polymer membranes or
from composite membranes
separation of reactants and transport of
protons and prevent back migration.
 Examples:- fluoropolymer (PFSA) Nafion, PTFE
(Teflon).

10. Fuel cell stack

11. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
1. CLAMP STAND
2. MEDICAL SYRINGES 2, 10 ml
3. WIRE MESH (5cm*5cm*.05cm)
4. DMM
5. MEA (2.5cm*2.5cm)
6. ADHESIVE (ARALDITE)

12. SET UP

13. WIRE MESH
• USED AS CURRENT ELECTRODE
• GALVANIC CORROSION
• ELIMINATION OF CHROMIUM

14. Methanol Oxidation Mechanism
(1): CH3OH + 3Pt ' Pt3-COH + 3H+ + 3e-
(2): H2O + Ru ' Ru-OH + H+ + e-
(3): Pt3-COH + 2Ru-OH ' Pt-COOH + H2O + 2Pt +
2Ru
(4): Pt-COOH + Ru-OH ' CO2 + H2O + Pt + Ru

15. EFFECTS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE V/S CONCENTRATION AT ROOM
TEMP.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1M 2M 3M 4M

16. EFFECTS
• OUTPUT VOLTAGE V/S TEMPERATURE
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
30 50 60 70 80 90
VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE

17. RESULTS & INFERENCE
• OPTIMUM TEMP: 90 degree Celsius
• OPTIMUM CONC: BELOW 1N

18. ISSUES
SLOW ELECTRO OXIDATION KINETICS:
Formation of intermediates (11 step reaction)
• Poisoning of Catalyst.
• Desorption of intermediates

19. ISSUES
METHANOL CROSS OVER:
• Different from PEM
• Diffusion through membrane
• Internal short circuiting.
• Fouling of cathode (Pure Pt)

20. ISSUES

21. ISSUES
Gas Management on Anode Side:
• CO2 bubbles formation
• 2 phase Slug
• Reduction of methanol diffusion area.

22. ISSUES
• Change in pattern in feed channel patterns
• Small & homogenous pores.

23. COST ANALYSIS
• FOR EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:
ITEM AMT/SIZE PRICE
1. WIRE MESHES 5cm*5cm *2 15.0
2.MEA 2.5*2.5 cm^2 7000.00
3.MEDICAL
SYRINGES
2 30.00
4. ADHESIVE 1
TOTAL
45.00
7090.00

24. COST ANALYSIS
• FOR AN ACTUAL DMFC:
COMPONENT AMT/SIZE PRICE IN Rs.
1.METAL MESHES 3.5*3.5*2 12.00
2.FUMATECH
MEMBRANE
4*4 cm^2 40.00
3.CATHODE
CATALYST
.5 mg*9 250
4.ANODE CATALYST .5 mg* 9 250
5.IONOMER 1.35 ml 67.60
TOTAL 727.60 INR

25. APPLICATIONS
1.Stationary application:
• Replacement of combustion based electric generation systems
• Residential water heating
2.Transportation:
• Easy storage and refill for tank
• Less space consumption
3. Portable application:
• Forklifts , back up supply for tele comm. Systems
• More suitable than hydrogen cells
• Portable chargers for mobile, laptop chargers.

26. THANK YOU